增强型透明贴对化疗性静脉炎的预防及治疗作用

目的：探讨增强型透明贴对化疗性静脉炎的预防及治疗作用。方法：本研究中笔者设计了两组试验。（1）预防研究中,选取2010年2-12月在本院行化疗的89例患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为试验组43例和对照组46例,试验组采用增强型透明贴,对照组采用普通透明贴,观察比较两组患者的化疗性静脉炎发生率。（2）治疗研究中,选取2011年2月-2013年8月本院发生化疗性静脉炎的75例患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为试验组37例和对照组38例,试验组采用增强型透明贴,对照组采用硫酸镁湿敷,观察比较两组患者的治愈时间。结果：预防研究中,试验组的化疗性静脉炎发生率9.3%（4/43）明显低于对照组的26.1%（12/46）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.039）。治疗研究中,试验组的治愈时间（32.6±5.9）h明显短于对照组的（47.9±12.6）h,差异有统计学意义（P=0.010）。结论：增强型透明贴不但对化疗性静脉炎有较好的预防作用,而且可用于治疗化疗性静脉炎,值得临床推广应用。     

螺旋CT动态增强扫描对直肠癌分期诊断的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT增强扫描在直肠癌术前诊断、分期中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的直肠癌患者38例CT影像表现,统计直肠癌局部影像特点、邻近组织侵润情况及远处脏器转移情况,并与术后病理对照。结果：38例患者中癌灶为腔内肿块15例,腔内肿块伴有肠壁增厚12例,肿瘤突破浆膜层并周围组织侵犯7例;肿瘤侵犯邻近器官或伴有远处转移4例。所有病例术后病理对照符合率为81.5%（31/38）。结论：多层螺旋CT增强扫描对直肠癌的诊断、分期和术后病理的对照一致性较高,术前螺旋CT增强扫描为手术方式的选择具有指导意义,并具有较高的临床应用价值。     

The role of network ties to support implementation of a community pharmacy enhanced services network

BackgroundLimited evidence exists on how to integrate community pharmacists into team-based care models, as the inclusion of community pharmacy services into alternative payment models is relatively new. To be successful in team-based care models, community pharmacies need to successfully build relationship with diverse stakeholders including providers, care managers, and patients.ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to: (1) identify the role of network ties to support implementation of a community pharmacy enhanced services network, (2) describe how these network ties are formed and maintained, and (3) compare the role of network ties among high- and low-performing community pharmacies participating in an enhanced services network.MethodsUsing a semi-structured interview guide, we interviewed 40 community pharmacy representatives responsible for implementation of a community pharmacy enhanced services program. We analyzed for themes using social network theory to compare network ties among 24 high- and 16 low-performing community pharmacies.ResultsThe study found that high-performing pharmacies had a greater diversity of network ties (e.g., relationships with healthcare providers, care managers, and public health agencies). High-performing pharmacies were able to use those ties to support implementation of NC-CPESN. High- and low-performing pharmacies used similar strategies for establishing ties with patients, such as motivational interviewing and assigning staff members to be responsible for engaging high-risk patients. High-performing pharmacies used additional strategies such as assessing patient preferences to support patient engagement, increasing patient receptivity towards enhanced services.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacies may vary in their ability to develop relationships with other healthcare providers, care management and public agencies, and patients. As enhanced services interventions that require care coordination are scaled up and spread, additional research is needed to test implementation strategies that support community pharmacies with developing and maintaining relationships across a diverse group of stakeholders (e.g., healthcare providers, care managers, public health agencies, patients).     

Similarity preserving low-rank representation for enhanced data representation and effective subspace learning

Latent Low-Rank Representation (LatLRR) delivers robust and promising results for subspace recovery and feature extraction through mining the so-called hidden effects, but the locality of both similar principal and salient features cannot be preserved in the optimizations. To solve this issue for achieving enhanced performance, a boosted version of LatLRR, referred to as Regularized Low-Rank Representation (rLRR), is proposed through explicitly including an appropriate Laplacian regularization that can maximally preserve the similarity among local features. Resembling LatLRR, rLRR decomposes given data matrix from two directions by seeking a pair of low-rank matrices. But the similarities of principal and salient features can be effectively preserved by rLRR. As a result, the correlated features are well grouped and the robustness of representations is also enhanced. Based on the outputted bi-directional low-rank codes by rLRR, an unsupervised subspace learning framework termed Low-rank Similarity Preserving Projections (LSPP) is also derived for feature learning. The supervised extension of LSPP is also discussed for discriminant subspace learning. The validity of rLRR is examined by robust representation and decomposition of real images. Results demonstrated the superiority of our rLRR and LSPP in comparison to other related state-of-the-art algorithms.     

人文关怀护理在高场核磁共振成像增强检查中的应用

目的：评价人文关怀护理在MRI增强扫中的应用价值。方法应用GE HDX 1.5 T超导核磁共振扫描仪对200例患者行常规扫描和MRI增强扫描,随机分为对照组100例、观察组100例,调查每组患者对MRI增强检查的反应,将患者的反应分为四等级：无不适感、轻度不适、明显不适和不良反应,同时调查患者对扫描服务的满意度,分别对各组参数进行x2检验统计学处理。结果对照组和观察组均未见明显不适感。对照组轻度不适感17例,不良反应6例,满意度评分为75。观察组轻度不适感5例,不良反应1例,满意度评分为90。对两组不适感进行x2检验,得到两组不适感反应x2值及P值,分别为x2=8.4795, P=0.004。对两组不适感加不良反应、满意度分别进行x2检验,得到两组不适感加不良反应x2值及P值,分别为x2=11.6506,P=0.001,两组间满意度x2=7.792,P=0.005。对照组、观察组的满意度、不良反应和不适感差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论人文关怀护理能够减少高场核磁共振成像增强检查中患者的不适感和不良反应,提高满意度,在MRI增强检查中有重要的价值。     

Induction of long-term immunity against respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein by an osmotic polymeric nanocarrier

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of viral deaths in infants worldwide, yet no effective vaccines are available. Here, we report an osmotically active polysaccharide-based polysorbitol transporter (PST) prepared from sorbitol diacrylate and low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI) showing a potent, yet safe, adjuvant activity and acting as an effective delivery tool for RSV glycoprotein (RGp) antigen. PST showed no toxicity in vitro or in vivo, unlike PEI and the well-known experimental mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). PST formed nano-sized complexes with RGp by simple mixing, without affecting antigenic stability. The complexes exhibited negative surface charges that made them highly efficient in the selective activation of phagocytic cells and enhancement of phagocytic uptake. This resulted in an improved cytokine production and in the significant augmentation of RGp-specific antibody production, which persisted for over 200 days. Interestingly, PST/RGp enhanced phagocytic uptake owing to the osmotic property of PST and its negative zeta potential, suggesting that PST could selectively stimulate phagocytic cells, thereby facilitating a long-lived antigen-specific immune response, which was presumably further enhanced by the polysaccharide properties of PST.     

慢性Leriche综合征侧支动脉开放类型的CT分析

目的分析慢性主髂动脉闭塞(Leriche综合征)的CT表现,总结该病侧支动脉开放类型,提高对慢性Leriche综合征的认识。方法回顾性收集本院2016年1月~2018年9月确诊为慢性Leriche综合征患者36例。36例患者治疗前均行主动脉CTA检查。24例行主动脉-股动脉人工血管旁路移植术和6例行介入治疗(球囊扩张和/或支架成形术);6例行内科治疗。结果36例主髂动脉CTA均表现为腹主动脉-髂总动脉分叉闭塞,根据闭塞近心端(上端)位置分3型:(1)近肾动脉旁型16例;(2)肠系膜下动脉上型8例;(3)肠系膜下动脉下型12例。全部病例闭塞或次全闭塞远心端(下端)达单侧或双侧髂内、外动脉水平。36例慢性Leriche综合征侧支动脉开放类型有5种:(1)A型(Winslow通路,出现率100%,36/36),开放侧支为双侧腹壁上动脉,通过胸廓内动脉与腹壁下动脉吻合,连接于髂外动脉。(2)B型(出现率92%,33/36):开放侧支为双侧下肋间动脉、肋下动脉/腰动脉,通过旋髂深动脉连接髂外动脉或股动脉。(3)C型(出现率50%,18/36):开放侧支为肠系膜上动脉分支(中结肠动脉),通过Riolan弓连接肠系膜下动脉或其分支直肠上动脉。(4)D型(出现率36%,13/36):开放侧支为双侧或单侧肋下动脉,通过髂腰动脉连接髂内动脉。(5)E型(出现率53%,19/36):开放侧支为直肠上动脉,通过骶动脉丛/直肠下动脉连接髂内动脉。A型和B型侧支动脉的开放可提供下腹壁和下肢动脉的血供。C型出现于闭塞近端位于肠系膜下动脉以上的患者,以代偿肠系膜下动脉供血区的血运。D型和E型为少见类型。结论慢性Leriche综合征患者的侧支动脉开放有多种类型,侧支动脉开放与主髂动脉闭塞范围相关。正确识别和描述侧支动脉有助于为临床提供更全面的诊断信息。     

加速康复外科理念在高龄股骨转子间骨折围手术期应用的临床疗效研究

目的观察和评价加速康复外科理念在高龄股骨转子间骨折围手术期应用的临床疗效。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2017年4月至2019年2月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院收治的高龄股骨转子间骨折患者78例,按照单纯随机抽样法平均分为对照组和加速康复组,每组各39例。所有患者均接受骨折闭合复位带锁髓内钉手术治疗,对照组采用传统的围手术期管理,而加速康复组将加速康复理念应用到围手术期管理中。记录所有患者的一般情况、平均住院时间、围手术期输血率、术后48 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后并发症情况、术后2周满意度评分以及术后6个月髋关节Harris评分。结果术后随访5.8~7.5个月,平均随访(7.3±1.2)个月,除5例患者失访外73例患者均完成随访,其中对照组36例,加速康复组37例。对照组患者的平均住院时间、围手术期输血率、术后2周满意度评分、术后48 h疼痛VAS、术后并发症发生率分别为(9.3±1.8) d、13.8%(5/36)、(7.3±0.8)分、(4.1±1.3)分和19.4%(7/36)加速康复组上述指标分别为(7.6±1.4)d、8.1%(3/37)、(9.1±1.1)分、(6.8±1.7)分和13.5%(5/37),两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。术后6个月,对照组患者的Harris评分为(75.8±4.1)分,加速康复组为(76.1±4.3)分,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论加速康复理念在老年股骨转子间骨折围手术期的应用可以提高患者满意度,缩短平均住院时间,减少术后并发症发生,有利于患者在术后快速康复。     

加速康复外科理念的围术期管理在腹腔镜阑尾切除术患者中的应用

目的 探讨手术室应用加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念的围术期管理在腹腔镜阑尾切除术患者中的临床效果.方法 选取东莞市万江医院2019年1月至2020年8月收治的100例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术患者为研究对象.采用随机数字法将其分为对照组50例(常规围术期管理)和观察...