Measurement of free and total hydroxyproline by automated flow injection of serum or urine samples from maintenance hemodialysis patients with renal osteodystrophy

An automated measurement of total and free hydroxyproline in serum or urine is presented that uses flow injection analysis. After exclusion of nonspecific substances, hydroxyproline was oxidized by chloramine- T and L-cysteine with Ehrlich's reagent. The linearity obtained was from 3.8μmole/ L to 1.22 mmole/L with good precision (CV <3%). Comparison of the proposed method with HPLC yielded r = 0.939 as the correlation coefficient. Reference intervals of free and total hydroxyproline are 1.4–9.7 μmole/L, 3.8–27.2 μmole/L for serum, and 10.0–72.5 μmole/L, 25.2–303.6 μmole/L for urine, respectively. Serum free and total hydroxyproline levels in renal osteodystrophy patients on maintenance hemodialysis (N = 71) were significantly higher than in controls (P<0.0001). This method is superior to the use of HPLC with regard to stability of the color reaction. The measurement of serum free and total hydroxyproline is a useful marker for therapeutic observation of renal osteodystrophy patients. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A Study of the Mechanism of Yinzhihuang（菌栀黄）Injection in the Treatment of Infantile Hepatitis Syndrome

ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆＹｉｎｚｈｉｈｕａｎｇ（菌栀黄）ＩｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＴｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＩｎｆａｎｔｉｌｅＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＳｙｎｄｒｏｍｅＤｏｎｇＹｏｎｇ－ｓｕｉ（董永绥）；ＨｕａｎｇＺｈｉ－ｈｕａ（黄志华）；...     

The role of different imaging modalities: is MRI a conditio sine qua non for ETV?

Objective To describe the different imaging modalities used for the diagnosis and classification of hydrocephalus, their role in defining the optimal treatment of hydrocephalus and to define the optimal preoperative diagnostics for endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy (ETV). Methods An overview on available imaging modalities for hydrocephalus will be given and their pros and cons discussed. In addition, different aspects of the treatment of hydrocephalus by shunts and by ETV will be highlighted. Discussion The role of the technical aspects of performing an ETV, the role of the surgeon’s philosophy, the role of the urgency of the procedure, and the role of informed consent on the requirements for the imaging of the hydrocephalus will be discussed. Conclusion The authors conclude that MRI is a conditio sine qua non for ETV in elective surgical cases.     

Symptoms, diagnosis and endoscopic management of common bile duct stones

Symptomatic BDS commonly cause significant morbidity and attempt at stone removal should be attempted if possible. Complications of CBDS include biliary colic, jaundice, cholangitis and pancreatitis. Investigations aimed to predict the presence of stones within the bile duct include serum bilirubin, AST, ALP, common bile duct diameter and age as independent predictors of choledocholithiasis. TUS is a sensitive test in detecting bile duct dilatation but the sensitivity is reduced in its ability to detect choledocholithiasis. A NIH consensus statement found that ERC, MRC and EUS were comparable in their sensitivities, specificities and accuracy rates for detection of choledocholithiasis. ERC and stone removal using a balloon or basket is often performed following EST. EBD may be performed if patients have uncorrected coagulopathies but the risk of pancreatitis is higher than for EST (although the risk of bleeding complications is lower for EBD). ML is often required in difficult to remove CBDS and using this device, CBDS can be removed in 90–95% of cases. Other forms of lithotripsy including laser lithotripsy and EHL are confined to specialised centres and the evidence for their use is based on small studies. ESWL may clear stones from the bile duct in up to 93% of patients but frequently ERC and stone fragment removal is required post ESWL. The role of medical therapy in difficult to remove CBDS (or in CBDS in patients with severe co-morbid illness preventing ERC + stone removal) is still currently uncertain due to a lack of large randomised control trials.     

参芪扶正注射液对淋巴细胞的作用

目的:观察参芪扶正注射液对淋巴细胞的作用.方法:用参芪扶正注射液处理Jurkat淋巴细胞,通过台盘兰染色计数和流式细胞计观察其对淋巴细胞的作用,用参芪处理过的淋巴细胞分别加入化疗药和肝癌细胞,观察两种细胞的反应.结果:参芪扶正注射液处理过的淋巴细胞,细胞增殖快,有较强的抵抗化疗药诱导凋亡的能力,杀伤肝癌细胞的能力增强.结论:参芪扶正注射液具有多方面的免疫调节作用.     

小牛血清去蛋白注射液细菌内毒素检测方法的研究

目的：建立小牛血清去蛋白注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法：根据2000年版《中国药典》进行试验。结果：小牛血清去蛋白注射液在2mg/ml浓度下进行细菌内毒素检查干扰现象，获得了可靠的数据和结果。结论：本品所采用的细菌内毒素检查方法灵敏、可靠。     

水蛭注射液对大白鼠血小板粘附和血小板聚集功能的影响

目的　探讨水蛭注射液对大白鼠血小板粘附性和聚集性的影响。方法　采用大白鼠 2 4只 ,随机分成两组 ,实验组给药 ,对照组以实验组同样的方法和剂量给予生理盐水 ,5d后由颈总动脉取血 ,做血小板粘附性和聚集性试验。结果　水蛭注射液对大鼠血小板粘附性和聚集性具有显著的抑制作用 ,实验组与对照组抑制率有显著的统计学意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　水蛭注射液能够抑制大白鼠血小板的粘附和聚集。     

Carcinoma of the papilla of vater: Are endoscopic appearance and endoscopic biopsy discordant?

Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater is classified as periampullary cancer representing 5% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Early and accurate diagnosis is important for those patients with a tumor of the papilla, as the prognosis is more favorable than in other periampullary neoplasms. Endoscopically obtained biopsies from suspicious papillae can detect an early tumor, although even for skilled pathologists it is often difficult to differentiate carcinomas from noninvasive lesions on the basis of forceps biopsies. The purpose of this study was to assess the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of duodenoscopy appearance and biopsy in all cases with suspicion of tumor. Thirty patients with suspicion of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater and with final diagnosis established by pancreatoduodenectomy were included in this retrospective study. In each case, a comparison was made between endoscopic biopsy and duodenoscopic appearance. Duodenoscopic appearance sensitivity and accuracy for malignancy were 86% and 83%, respectively, whereas endoscopic biopsy sensitivity and accuracy were 65% and 67%, respectively. Although preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater is useful for making therapeutic decisions, the diagnostic value of the endoscopic appearance was superior to endoscopic biopsy in this series. Presented at the 2003 American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Congress, Miami, Florida, February 27-March 3, 2003. Supported by FADA-CAPES/PROP 200J (M.L.D.).     

Action of intravenously administered talipexole on the rat striatal neurons receiving excitatory input from nigral dopamine neurons

Electrophysiological studies using rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were performed to elucidate whether or not intravenously injected talipexole acted as a D₂ receptor agonist on the striatal neurons in comparison with the action of bromocriptine. The activities of the striatal neurons were extracellularly recorded using a glass microelectrode attached along a seven-barreled micropipette, each barrel of which was filled with talipexole, bromocriptine, SCH23390 (D₁ antagonist), domperidone (D₂ antagonist), glutamate or 2 M NaCl. These drugs were iontophoretically applied to the immediate vicinity of the target neuron being recorded. The effects of talipexole and bromocriptine were examined on the neurons, whose spikes (induced by the stimulation of the substantia nigra pars compacta) were inhibited by the iontophoretic application of domperidone. Iontophoretic application of talipexole or bromocriptine increased spontaneous firing of these neurons and this increase in firing was also inhibited by iontophoretically applied domperidone. In the same neurons, intravenously administered talipexole (0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased firing, and this increase was inhibited by microiontophoretically applied domperidone, but not by SCH23390. On the other hand, the intravenous injection of bromocriptine (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) also increased the firing rate. However, the increase was not dose-dependent and fluctuated; the firing transiently decreased during the increase in firing with intravenously administered bromocriptine. However, the bromocriptine-induced increase in firing was also suppressed by domperidone, and decrease in firing was inhibited by SCH23390. These findings suggest that talipexole acts as a D₂ agonist on the striatal neurons receiving input from substantia nigra pars compacta and increases firing when intravenously applied. However, intravenously administered bromocriptine appears to act as both a D₂ agonist and probably as a D₁ agonist on the striatal neurons to increase and decrease firing, respectively.     

麝香注射液对脑梗死患者血液流变学及甲襞微循环的影响

目的 探讨麝香注射液对脑梗死患血液流变学及甲襞微循环的影响。方法 对60例脑梗死急随机分成治疗组和对照组，治疗组予麝香注射液，对照组予复方丹参、低分子右旋糖酐治疗。于治疗前后分别测定上述指标。结果 麝香注射液治疗后血液流变学检查各项指标均显下降，且甲襞微循环血液流速流态等均有显改善。结论 麝香注射液能明显改善血液流变学异常及微循环障碍，在防治脑梗死中有重要价值。