Body composition in the elderly: Total body water and anthropometry

Body composition measured with isotopic dilution was compared with anthropometric measurements. The study was carried out in 47 subjects from both sexes, 65 to 92 years old. Total body water (TBW), anthropometric measurements, and dynamometry were assessed. TBW was significatively higher in men than women and decreased with age. Dynamometry and fatfree mass were well correlated (r=0.73 in males and r=0.58 in females) and significantly different between sexes. A negative correlation was found for dynamometry with age, being significant for women. Linear regression equations to predict TBW from anthropometric measurements in males and females were obtained: Males: TBW(I)=19.349+0.617 weight(kg) — 0.931 mid-arm circumference(cm)+0.122 dynamometry (kg) Females: TBW(l)=−5.531+0.343 weight(kg)-0.213 triceps skinfold (mm)+ 0.148 dynamometry(kg) + 3.424 wrist diameter (cm). This simple model is proposed for use in epidemiological and field studies where other more sophisticated methods can not be applied.     

305例老年死亡病例医院感染回顾性调查

本文结果表明,305例老年死亡病例医院感染的发病率为33.8％。感染最多部位为肺部(66.9％),其次为尿路感染(19.4％)。高龄患者,侵袭性操作、多种抗生素联合应用,激素疗法等是诱发医院感染的危险因素。58.8％的病原菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,37.2％为真菌。31株病原菌药敏结果显示耐药率为33.3％。本文指出合理应用抗生素是预防医院感染的重要措施之一。     

遥测心电监护仪ZB—313P发射与接收频率关系的研究与应用

本文通过对多台日本光电公司遥测心电监护仪ZB-313P发射盒发射和接收石英晶体振荡器频率的实际测试以及对测试结果数据的分析研究。了解和掌握了其内在的规律，推导出了该发射盒的标称频率，实际发射频率以及监护仪接收频率三者之间关系变化的计算公式，以此公式计算出来的频率数据。可作为采用国产石英晶体振荡器对日本光电该系列监护仪进行维修的依据。并为此类设备的维修应用提供了一定的指导作用。     

The uses of a patient-based dietetic data-collection systern

The F.I.P. (Financial Information Project) dietetic package allows the collection of basic patient data, which then can be processed to give valuable clinical and management information for use by all dietitians in a dietetic department. The advent of the Korner Reports (DHSS, 1984a) and their implementation highlighted the need to computerize certain aspects of data collection in dietetic departments. Within the West Midlands Regional Health Authority a group of dietitians worked with the Regional Management Services Department to adapt a community nursing system, F.I.P., for use by dietitians. The system was piloted for all paramedical services in 1987 with one health district (North Warwickshire) piloting the dietetic package. It is now used by a range of dietetic and paramedical departments. This paper outlines the system and its uses.     

老年患者不同证型红外热象舌图温度负荷的变化

目的 :探讨老年不同中医辨证分型的红外热象舌图温度负荷变化。方法 :被测试者分为阴虚证、阳虚证、气滞血瘀证、气血两虚证、湿热证五组。施以冷负荷后 ,红外舌图分析选取七个点温为代表 ,以计算机图像处理系统确定纵横坐标位置 ,对采录的所有红外舌图进行分析、处理。结果 :阴虚组舌尖、舌前两侧点冷负荷前后变化值与正常组比较 P<0 .0 5 ;阳虚组各点冷负荷前后变化值均低于正常组 (除 M点 ) ,且 T点、TL 点、TR点、M点均大于气血两虚组及湿热组 P<0 .0 5 ;气滞血瘀组舌温变化值低于正常 (T点 P<0 .0 5 ) ;气血两虚组各点温变化值均显著低于正常组 (P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)及其他证型组 ;湿热组舌尖、舌前两侧点冷负荷前后变化值与正常组比较 P<0 .0 5 ,且低于阴虚组、阳虚组、气滞血瘀组。结论 :老年不同中医辨证分型的红外热象舌图各有其特征 ,红外热象舌图直观、重复性强 ,可作为中医辨证分型和疗效判断的临床指标     

腹腔镜术后病人的手术感受对术前病人的作用

目的:为帮助腹腔镜胆囊手术病人掌握健康教育的知识.方法:开展了由腹腔镜手术后的病人向术前病人介绍手术感受.结果:促进术前病人对有关的健康教育知识的掌握,并能延长其术前1d晚的睡眠时间.结论:使病人更好地掌握健康宣教知识,有利于病人的治疗.     

The introduction of a new assessment system in restorative dentistry: the undergraduate and patient experience

In 2000, the University of Bristol Dental School Division of Restorative Dentistry carried out a review of the assessment methods used within the undergraduate programme. Following this review, a number of key recommendations were made and the system of formative assessment within the division was changed. Audits were conducted immediately prior to the introduction of the new system and 2 years after it had been introduced, the results of these audits are presented. There was no change in the number of failed appointments between the initial audit and the second audit. There was a reduction in the number of patients treated by more than one student from 25% to 14% (approximating to 3% if student withdrawal from the course is taken into account). The length of time taken to complete treatment reduced between the two audits with more than half of all patients having their treatment completed within 3 months of their initial examination in the second audit. Ninety-five percent of treatment plans were completed in the second audit compared with only 62% in the first audit. In the second audit, the outstanding 5% of cases were signed off as incomplete for satisfactory reasons by the member of supervisory staff (e.g. patients who had moved away or were discharged due to poor attendance). Student comments were mostly positive, the small number of negative comments related to some students being confused by the paperwork in the new system. The overall process has been an extremely positive experience which has resulted in an assessment system with increased clarity which appears to have reduced the stress levels reported by the undergraduate students on the programme and improved the quality of patient care within restorative dentistry.     

Adherence to recommendations and improvement over time in men with erectile dysfunction

Men with erectile problems seen for a comprehensive urology-department-based medical and psychological evaluation were sent questionnaires 2 to 3 years later. A representative sample of 99 (52%) responded. The majority (51%) has taken no action and reported that their sexual function was no better. Patients were more likely to comply with a recommendation for sex therapy than with one for a penile prosthesis. This was related to their attitude towards mental health professionals. These findings suggest the need for more knowledge of patient psychology and expectations.These data were presented in preliminary form at the Tenth Meeting of the International Academy of Sex Research, Cambridge, England, September 1984.     

Nursing involvement in euthanasia: how sound is the philosophical support?

Abstract  Preference utilitarians are concerned to maximize the autonomous choices of individuals; for this reason, they argue that nurses ought to advocate for those patients who desire assistance with ending their lives. This approach prompts us to consider, then, the moral validity of nursing involvement in measures intended to end the lives of patients. In this article, the terms of preference utilitarianism are set out and considered in order to determine whether this approach offers sufficient philosophical support for sanctioning a role for nursing in euthanasia. Ultimately, it is found that preference utilitarianism is lacking in this respect, as well as in its fitness for guiding nursing activity in general. In particular, it is found that nurses are required to exchange a handmaiden relationship with the medical profession for an equally undignified relationship with patients. If nursing involvement in measures intended to end the lives of patients is to find sufficient philosophical support, then we need to look elsewhere.