Does losing money truly hurt? The shared neural bases of monetary loss and pain

Both monetary loss and pain have been studied for decades, but evidence supporting the relationship between them is still lacking. We conducted a meta‐analysis to explore the overlapping brain regions between monetary loss and pain, including physical pain and social pain. Regardless of the type of pain experienced, activation of the anterior insula was a shared neural representation of monetary loss and pain. The network representation pattern of monetary loss was more similar to that of social pain than that of physical pain. In conclusion, our research provided evidence of the common neural correlates of monetary loss and pain.     

User- and Message-Level Correlates of Endorsement and Engagement for HIV-Related Messages on Twitter: Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundYouth and young adults continue to experience high rates of HIV and are also frequent users of social media. Social media platforms such as Twitter can bolster efforts to promote HIV prevention for these individuals, and while HIV-related messages exist on Twitter, little is known about the impact or reach of these messages for this population.ObjectiveThis study aims to address this gap in the literature by identifying user and message characteristics that are associated with tweet endorsement (favorited) and engagement (retweeted) among youth and young men (aged 13-24 years).MethodsIn a secondary analysis of data from a study of HIV-related messages posted by young men on Twitter, we used model selection techniques to examine user and tweet-level factors associated with tweet endorsement and engagement.ResultsTweets from personal user accounts garnered greater endorsement and engagement than tweets from institutional users (aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.75-3.89; P<.001). High follower count was associated with increased endorsement and engagement (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; P<.001); tweets that discussed STIs garnered lower endorsement and engagement (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-1.74; P<.001).ConclusionsFindings suggest practitioners should partner with youth to design and disseminate HIV prevention messages on social media, incorporate content that resonates with youth audiences, and work to challenge stigma and foster social norms conducive to open conversation about sex, sexuality, and health.     

The influence of social relationships and activities on the health of adults with obesity: A qualitative study

BackgroundObesity in adults is a leading health challenge that causes millions of deaths worldwide and represents a risk factor for developing long‐term conditions. Social relationships are one of the multiple drivers shaping obesity and obesity‐related practices. However, there is still little evidence as to the processes by which relationships influence the adoption of positive and negative obesity health‐related practices—eating, physical activity and alcohol intake. This study aims first to identify the types of relationships relevant to the adoption of practices in adults with obesity and, second, to explore the type of activities these relationships engage with or promote to produce those practices and their potential health consequences.MethodsNineteen adults who have or had a history of obesity living in the United Kingdom were interviewed between May 2020 and March 2021. Experiences were explored through semi‐structured interviews and network mapping via videoconferencing. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic phenomenology informed thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) everyday familial routines matter, (2) chasing healthier lifestyles: comparing, modelling and connecting emotionally with friends and (3) healthcare professionals as negative influencers.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings show how different types of relationships might shape the risk of developing and losing weight. They uncover the power of informal networks (family and friends) and highlight the potentially negative impact of formal ones (healthcare professionals). Our exploration could add to arguments about the need for stakeholders confronting obesity to be aware of the relevance of everyday social relationships in health and well‐being strategies for tackling the issue, in creating collective and individual person‐centred long‐term sustainable actions.Patient and Public ContributionFeedback on the tone/content of the interview questions was provided by the two first participants. The results were checked and received feedback from one of the interviewees.     

Investigation of COVID-19 Outbreak among Wildland Firefighters during Wildfire Response,Colorado, USA, 2020

A COVID-19 outbreak occurred among Cameron Peak Fire responders in Colorado, USA, during August 2020–January 2021. The Cameron Peak Fire was the largest recorded wildfire in Colorado history, lasting August–December 2020. At least 6,123 responders were involved, including 1,260 firefighters in 63 crews who mobilized to the fire camps. A total of 79 COVID-19 cases were identified among responders, and 273 close contacts were quarantined. State and local public health investigated the outbreak and coordinated with wildfire management teams to prevent disease spread. We performed whole-genome sequencing and applied social network analysis to visualize clusters and transmission dynamics. Phylogenetic analysis identified 8 lineages among sequenced specimens, implying multiple introductions. Social network analysis identified spread between and within crews. Strategies such as implementing symptom screening and testing of arriving responders, educating responders about overlapping symptoms of smoke inhalation and COVID-19, improving physical distancing of crews, and encouraging vaccinations are recommended.     

家庭干预在精神分裂症患者社会功能障碍康复中的效果分析

目的分析精神分裂症患者社会功能障碍的现状并探讨家庭干预对其康复效果的影响。方法分析我院门诊收治的128例精神分裂症患者入院治疗前的社会功能状况;患者出院后,将患者随机分为家庭干预组和对照组各64例;对照组给予常规精神病药物维持治疗,干预组在此基础上给予家庭干预治疗1年,并采用社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）及康复状态量表（MRSS）评估患者的治疗效果;并观察患者的服药依从性及病情复发情况。结果 120（93.7%）例的患者存在明显的社会功能障碍,集中表现在职业及工作、计划性及责任心、对外界的关心及兴趣方面;家庭干预前两组间SDSS、MRSS评分并无显著差异（P〉0.05）,干预后干预组此两项得分均低于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时干预组的服药依从性、复发率情况均优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论精神分裂症患者大都存在较为严重的社会功能障碍,家庭干预可以显著提高患者生活质量,改善社会功能,降低复发率。     

Determinants of Acceptance of Weight Management Applications in Overweight and Obese Individuals: Using an Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model

Overweight and obesity carry a tremendous burden in terms of physiological and psychological comorbidities. There is a great variety of weight management applications to support weight reduction, but a systematical analysis of individuals’ needs and requirements to adopt sustaining lifestyle changes is missing so far. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of such applications and its underlying predictors in individuals with overweight/obesity. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 439 overweight/obese individuals. Health-related internet use and acceptance of weight management applications were examined using a modified questionnaire based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The general acceptance of weight management applications was high, with significant age differences. Compared to older individuals, younger ones showed a higher acceptance. BMI was not significantly associated with acceptance. Besides psychometric data and eHealth-related data, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence proved to be significant predictors for acceptance. The total variance explanation provided by the extended UTAUT model was 61.2%. The knowledge of the influencing factors on acceptance might be useful in developing, optimizing, and establishing weight management applications. For determining acceptance and its predictors of weight management applications, the UTAUT model is a valid approach.     

Evidence-Based Nutrition Interventions Improved Adolescents’ Knowledge and Behaviors in Indonesia

Adolescence is a nutritionally vulnerable and critical life stage. However, few programs and policies focus on improving adolescent nutrition in Indonesia. To address this gap, we implemented a gender-responsive package of interventions: (1) breakfast and weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFS), (2) a school-based nutrition education program, and (3) a social behavior change communication strategy. We surveyed 514 adolescents at baseline (2019) and endline (2020) in Klaten and Lombok Barat districts in Indonesia. The survey included a knowledge assessment on nutrition, as well as indicators of attitudes and behaviors on diet, physical activity, and WIFS. We employed multivariable linear and logistic regression to test for pre–post intervention differences. Overall knowledge was significantly higher post-intervention (β: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6, 3.9). Diet diversity was high at both timepoints, however, at post-intervention there was significantly higher odds of consuming vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.0) and lower odds of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.5). Post-intervention, there was higher odds of reporting 60 min of daily physical activity (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.2) and WIFS among girls (OR: 6.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 30.9). The package of interventions may be a promising first step to improving adolescent nutrition in Indonesia.     

作为社会转型表征的中国城市新移民

  目的  构建城市新移民健康相关社会资本评价指标体系,作为进一步评价城市新移民健康相关社会资本的评估工具。  方法  采用文献法和专题小组讨论,初步形成城市新移民健康相关社会资本评价指标体系框架,使用Delphi法遴选评价指标,应用层次分析法确定指标权重。  结果  两轮专家咨询的积极系数分别为97.1 % 和94.1 %,权威系数为0.85,协调系数分别为0.14和0.27（P < 0.05）。结合界值法和专家意见删减调整后最终建立了包括个体、家庭、社区、工作单位和宏观社会在内的5个一级指标、23个二级指标、50个三级指标及其权重构成的指标体系,权重分别为0.15～0.28、0.13～0.36、0.18～0.55。  结论  所构建评价指标体系具有较好的科学性和适用性,可为城市新移民健康相关社会资本的测量和评价提供参考。