Minimal-access surgery for gastric cancer in Japan

Recently in Japan, endoscopic surgery has become focused on minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is used to treat small mucosal gastric cancers &#104 2 cm in size; however, total removal of the cancerous lesion in one session cannot be performed easily. Laparoscopic partial resection of the gastric wall is indicated for the same lesions as EMR, and we can achieve complete removal of cancer lesions more accurately. However, the extension of indication to depressed type cancer > 1 cm may carry the risk of lymph-node metastasis. Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with lymph-node dissection is necessary for such lesions. It has many advantages over open gastrectomy in terms of postoperative pain, shorter febrile duration, reduced blood loss, earlier return to standing and earlier bowel movement. The wound is small and an almost-enclosed operation is possible. Furthermore, unlike other laparoscopic partial gastric resections, a major part of the regional lymph nodes can be extirpated, such as D1 + &#102. Laparoscopic gastrectomy will play a greater role in the future, especially in replacing open surgery in cases of early gastric cancer.     

Carcinomatous Lymphatic Invasion in Early Gastric Cancer Invading Into the Submucosa

Background: Lymphatic invasion is a risk factor for lymph node metastases in patients with gastric cancer. No studies have been reported, however, on the correlation between lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer invading into the submucosa.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of lymphatic invasion in 170 patients with early gastric cancer invading into the submucosa.Results: Lymphatic invasion was found in 76 patients. Lymphatic invasion correlated significantly with the presence of lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion (P < .05) and with the degree of cancerous submucosal involvement (P < .05). The presence of lymph node metastasis also correlated with the grade of submucosal invasion and lymphatic invasion. The 5-year survival of patients with lymphatic invasion was poorer than that of patients without lymphatic invasion (P < .05). Node-negative patients had similar survival, regardless of the presence of lymphatic invasion. All patients with severe lymphatic invasion had sm3 invasion and lymph node metastases.Conclusion: Although lymphatic invasion is the first stage of lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion in itself does not have clinical importance except for severe invasion in early gastric cancer. It is possible to predict lymph node metastases from the combined evaluation of degree of lymphatic invasion and submucosal involvement of the tumor in patients with early gastric cancer invading into the submucosa.     

Effect of early wound excision on changes in plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1 level after burn injury: an experimental study in rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of early wound excision on changes in NO and endothelin-1 (ET-1) level in the plasma after extensive burn injury. The effects on vascular permeability and hepatic blood flow (HBF) were also assessed. Male Wistar rats were used for this study. A 30% total body surface area (TBSA) third-degree burn was made on the back. Then animals were divided into four groups. Burn group (n = 13), burn alone; infusion group (n = 13), burn injury and fluid resuscitation; early excision group (n = 13), burn injury, total wound excision at 30 min after the injury followed with immediate allogenic skin graft and fluid resuscitation; and the sham group (n = 15). The sham group and the early excision group did not show significant changes in the NO and ET-1 level in plasma during experimental period, while the burn group and the infusion group showed significant increase in the NO and ET-1. The early excision group also did not show hypovolemia, and the significant decrease in the HBF. These data suggest that the increased NO and ET-1 in plasma following thermal injury were originated from burned tissue and the removal of these injured tissue has beneficial effect on the vascular permeability and the changes in HBF.     

A minimally invasive technique for surgical treatment of hallux valgus: simple, effective, rapid, inexpensive (SERI)

Purpose

Several bony and soft tissue procedures have been described for the treatment of hallux valgus, and currently mini-invasive surgical techniques are preferred in order to reduce surgical trauma, complications, time of surgery and to allow an earlier recovery. The aim of this study is to analyse a series of 1,000 consecutive cases of hallux valgus, surgically treated by the minimally invasive SERI technique, reporting results at mid-term follow-up.

Methods

We prospectively studied 641 patients (1,000 feet) with symptomatic hallux valgus surgically treated by SERI osteotomy. Inclusion criteria were: age between 20 and 65 years, reducible mild or moderate hallux valgus, HVA ≤ 40°, IMA ≤ 20°, and arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint up to grade 2 according to the Regnauld classification.

Results

The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score rose from 46.8 ± 16.7 preoperatively to 89 ± 10.3 at last follow-up. Radiographic control at follow-up showed a complete healing of the osteotomy and remodelling of the metatarsal bone. Low rate of complication has been reported.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the SERI technique is effective in treating mild to moderate hallux valgus in terms of relief from symptoms and functional improvement. This technique allowed correction of the main parameters of the deformity, with durable clinical and radiographic results at a mid-term follow-up.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00264-013-1980-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

胫骨干骨折闭合复位髓内钉固定术后早期踝前疼痛的临床观察

目的观察胫骨干骨折闭合复位髓内钉固定术后早期踝前疼痛的发生率,分析相关并发症的发生原因。方法对307例胫骨干骨折采用闭合复位、交锁髓内钉固定术治疗,观察早期踝前痛的发生率、VAS疼痛评分和早期踝前疼痛的平均持续时间等,分别于术后即刻、3个月、1年进行踝关节功能评分。结果 39例术后早期发生踝前疼痛,发生率为12.7%,平均持续时间(6.2±3.4)d;静息状态VAS疼痛评分平均(3.1±1.5)分,功能锻炼时VAS疼痛评分平均(4.0±0.9)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后即刻、术后3个月及术后1年AOFAS踝关节功能评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早期踝前疼痛是胫骨干骨折闭合复位、交锁髓内钉固定术后的并发症之一,与远端锁钉的置钉方式及扩髓有一定相关性;踝前疼痛会增加术后功能锻炼时VAS疼痛评分,但对踝关节功能没有显著影响。     

甲基强的松龙与地塞米松治疗腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻的疗效对比

【摘要】 目的 比较甲基强的松龙(甲强龙)与地塞米松治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2002年7月至2012年7月收治的66例炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料,依据使用不同激素分为甲强龙组和地塞米松组,观察比较两组疗效及不良反应。结果 66例患者均采用保守方法治愈,无中转手术病例。甲强龙组腹胀、腹痛缓解时间,肛门排气时间和治愈时间均少于地塞米松组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 甲强龙治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻疗效优于地塞米松。     

阿尔茨海默病神经影像学研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer Disease,AD),又称老年性痴呆,是一种病因复杂、隐匿起病的神经退行性疾病,主要临床表现为记忆障碍,同时伴有人格改变及思维语言障碍等神经精神症状,AD的特征性病理改变为β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积和神经元纤维缠结,以及神经元丢失伴胶质细胞增生等,这些病理改变破坏了大脑结构和功能.AD发病率高,平均生存周期只有5.5年.随着我国人口老龄化的快速发展,AD患者数量逐年增加,给家庭及社会带来越来越沉重的负担,因此,对AD做出早期诊断变得尤为重要.然而,AD起病隐匿,早期的临床表现并不突出,且实验室检查也缺乏足够的特异性,早期容易被漏诊和误诊,当临床医生做出明确诊断时,多数患者已处于AD的中晚期,这在一定程度上延误了AD的治疗,因此,对AD进行早期诊断,尽早进行治疗具有非常重要的意义.近年来,随着影像学技术的不断发展,为AD的早期诊断提供重要的影像学依据.现分别从结构性磁共振(sMRI)、静息态功能磁共振成像(Rs-fMRI)、磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)、正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)等几个方面,阐述影像学技术在AD早期诊断的研究进展.     

MRI早期诊断阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

随着全球人口老龄化,阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)发病率呈明显上升趋势。迄今为止,尚缺乏有效的AD治疗方法,早期诊断及防治是延缓AD进展的唯一有效方法。目前,AD的诊断仍主要依靠排除法和临床神经心理量表法,但其可重复性差且缺乏客观依据;因此,尚缺乏敏感且准确的AD早期诊断方法。随着影像学技术的发展,"医学影像学+"的学科交叉已成为新常态,由此产生的神经影像学技术可以清晰地显示脑内更细小的结构和病灶,这为AD的早期影像学诊断研究提供了基础。本文对磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)应用于海马体积、内嗅区皮质厚度及杏仁核变化的检测以及双反转恢复(double inversion recovery,DIR)序列应用于AD诊断及弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)应用于海马相关脑白质损伤评估的最新研究进展进行综述。     

集束化干预策略在口腔科儿童全麻患者治疗中的应用价值分析

目的 探讨集束化干预策略在口腔科全麻患儿治疗中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年11月1日-2021年7月31日在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院就诊,需接受全身麻醉下口腔综合治疗的3～6岁患儿共60例患者为研究对象。随机分为干预组30例和对照组30例。两组患儿均在全身麻醉状态下行口腔综合治疗,干预组采用集束化干预策略,对照组采用常规干预策略。比较两组患儿儿科畏惧症、口腔健康知识、治疗情况、治疗效果、患者满意度。结果 干预组患儿术后改良中文版儿童牙科畏惧调查表(CFSS-DS)评分较对照组明显降低（P<0.001）;干预组术前准备时间较对照组减少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;干预组术后口腔健康知识、信念改善较对照组显著（P<0.001）,干预组儿童刷牙及饮食习惯改善较对照组明显,且菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）下降较对照组有统计学差异（P=0.01）;干预组护理满意度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 集束化干预策略能够有效缩短术前准备时间,提高全麻治疗效率;增加患儿舒适感,培养患儿口腔健康习惯及观念,提高患儿及监护人就诊满意度。     

Potential and limitations of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer including pelvic lymph node staging: a critical analysis of the literature

Context

Diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring are still suboptimal for most genitourinary tumours. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has already shown promise as a noninvasive imaging modality in the early detection of microstructural and functional changes in several pathologies of various organs.

Objective

To assess the potential and limitations of DW-MRI in the management of patients with kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer.

Evidence acquisition

A nonsystematic literature search using the Medline/PubMed and Embase databases for full-length papers reporting on DW-MRI for kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer was performed up to August 1, 2011. Only those articles with complete data reporting on DW-MRI applications with potential implications in solving commonly encountered clinical challenges relating to tumour detection, staging, and treatment monitoring were finally examined.

Evidence synthesis

For kidney tumours DW-MRI is a reasonable alternative to conventional cross-sectional imaging to detect and characterise focal renal lesions, especially in patients with impaired renal function. For prostate cancer, DW-MRI applied in addition to conventional T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves tumour detection and localisation. In addition, it has shown promise for the assessment of tumour aggressiveness and for treatment monitoring during active surveillance, radiation therapy, and focal therapy. For bladder cancer, DW-MRI may improve the performance of conventional T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced MRI in the work-up of bladder cancer, helping to differentiate non-muscle-invasive from muscle-invasive tumours. For pelvic lymph nodes, initial results showed the potential to improve nodal staging of prostate and bladder cancer compared with conventional cross-sectional imaging.

Conclusions

DW-MRI holds promise to ameliorate the management of patients with kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer including pelvic lymph node staging. Current limitations include the lack of standardisation of the technique across multiple centres and the still limited expertise.