带CT影像融合的双探头符合线路ECT环境影响评价

目的 评价ECT显像采用的¹⁸F等核素标记的药物对周围环境和人员的影响。方法 设定职业照射剂量约束目标值为5 mSv/a,公众照射的剂量约束目标值为50 μSv/a。通过分析环境放射性污染源项,估算工作人员和公众的受照剂量,来评价装置的屏蔽设计的可行性和ECT扫描操作程序的合理性。结果 从事不同工种的工作人员(注射、摆位、控制)的年受照剂量介于0.1~1.5 mSv,公众的年受照剂量不会超出3 μSv。结论 屏蔽设计合理,操作程序可行。     

合用精神药物对无抽搐电休克治疗指标的影响

目的探讨合用精神药物对无抽搐电休克治疗指标的影响,为无抽搐电休克并药物治疗提供参考依据。方法收集无抽搐电休克治疗患者第一次电休克治疗发作的主要指标(抽搐时间,简称T;抽搐指数,简称SEI;抑制指数,简称PSI)和治疗前一天所用的主要精神药物种类及剂量;然后根据合用药物情况进行T、SEI、PSI值的比较,计算T、SEI、PSI值与药物剂量之间的相关系数。结果苯二氮卓艹类药物对T、SEI值有明显影响,且药物剂量与T、SEI值呈负性相关;锂盐对T、SEI值无明显影响;氯丙嗪组的T、SEI值明显大于氯氮平组;合用精神药物对提示本次治疗成败PSI值均无明显影响。结论在常规剂量条件下,各类精57神药物对无抽搐电休克发作效果无重大影响,治疗前可以不必考虑停药或减药;苯二氮卓艹类药物对治疗电量的控制有一定关系,对使用较大剂量苯二氮卓艹类药物的患者,可以考虑使用较大的电量。     

Combining ECT with pharmacological treatment of depressed inpatients in a naturalistic study is not associated with serum BDNF level increase

BackgroundBDNF blood levels are reduced in MDD. They can be increased with pharmacologic treatment and ECT, but it is not clear whether the combination of treatments promotes an additional increase. The present study aims to evaluate whether combined treatment promotes an increase in BDNF, restoring the level to that of non-depressed controls.MethodsNinety-nine adult inpatients were invited to participate in this naturalistic prospective cohort study between May 2011 and April 2013. Diagnosis was made by MINI, and the symptoms were evaluated at admission and at discharge by HDRS-17. Those inpatients with a diagnosis of depression were included and divided into two groups: those who underwent combined ECT and medication (31 subjects) and those who used only pharmacotherapy (68 subjects). Serum BDNF was measured in blood samples collected at admission and discharge. One hundred healthy blood donors without any psychiatric diagnosis were included as a control group.ResultsThere were no significant differences in serum BDNF levels between the combined and pharmacological groups at admission and at discharge, and no significant variation in BDNF occurred in any group during the treatment. There were no interactions between time and treatment groups nor significant time effects or treatment group effects for BDNF in the Generalized Estimating Equation Model (GEE). The control group had significantly higher serum BDNF levels in comparison with each of the treatment groups at admission and discharge (p = 0.00).ConclusionCombination of ECT with pharmacological treatment did not result in increased serum BDNF levels and did not restore levels to that of controls.     

Challenges in comparing the acute cognitive outcomes of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) vs. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in major depression: A systematic review

The present study aimed to systematically compare the cognitive outcomes of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in head-to-head studies with major depression (MDD) patients. A systematic literature search identified six studies with 219 MDD patients that were too heterogeneous to reliably detect meaningful differences in acute cognitive outcomes after ECT vs. HF-rTMS. Cognitive effects of brain stimulation vary depending on the timeframe and methods of assessment, stimulation parameters, and maintenance treatment. Thus, acute and longer-term differences in cognitive outcomes both need to be investigated at precisely defined timeframes and with similar instruments assessing comparable functions.     

Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and treatment-resistant depression

Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is a serious mental illness that is one of the most disabling diseases worldwide. In addition, approximately 15% of depression patients are defined treatment-resistant (TRD). Preclinical and genetic studies show that serotonin modulation dysfunction exists in patients with TRD. Some polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis/treatment of MDD; however, no data are available concerning TRD.     

Voltage-based automated detection of postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression: Algorithm development and validation

ObjectivePostictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression (PGES) is a pattern of low-voltage scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) activity following termination of generalized seizures. PGES has been associated with both sudden unexplained death in patients with epilepsy and therapeutic efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Automated detection of PGES epochs may aid in reliable quantification of this phenomenon.MethodsWe developed a voltage-based algorithm for detecting PGES. This algorithm applies existing criteria to simulate expert epileptologist readings. Validation relied on postictal EEG recording from patients undergoing ECT (NCT02761330), assessing concordance among the algorithm and four clinical epileptologists.ResultsWe observed low-to-moderate concordance among epileptologist ratings of PGES. Despite this, the algorithm displayed high discriminability in comparison to individual epileptologists (C-statistic range: 0.86–0.92). The algorithm displayed high discrimination (C-statistic: 0.91) and substantial peak agreement (Cohen’s Kappa: 0.65) in comparison to a consensus of clinical ratings. Interrater agreement between the algorithm and individual epileptologists was on par with that among expert epileptologists.ConclusionsAn automated voltage-based algorithm can be used to detect PGES following ECT, with discriminability nearing that of experts.SignificanceAlgorithmic detection may support clinical readings of PGES and improve precision when correlating this marker with clinical outcomes following generalized seizures.