慢性乙型肝炎恩替卡韦治疗过程中病毒动力学特点分析

Objective To analyze the viral dynamics and clinical significance during the antiviral treatment by a mathematical model.Methods Six chronic hepatitis B patients were evaluated with a kinetic model(Neumann model)during dose of 0.5 mg/d oral entecavir.Blood samples were drawn for HBV DNA measurement at week 0,2,4,12,24.Non-linear modeling was used to fit individual patient data.Results The median effectiveness in blocking viral production was 99.970%(n=6).The median half-life of viral turn-over was 1.6 d(n=6).The median half-life of infected hepatocytes was 21.3 d(n=5).Compared with the other patients,the c(virions are cleared at a rate)、ε(effectiveness)、δ(infected cell are lost at a rate)value of one patient(eg.6)were all lower and the half-life of virus and infected cells were higher,and eg.6 developed viral break-through after 38 weeks of follow-up.Conclusions Viral load decay showed a biphasic pattern during entecavir therapy which can be described with a mathematical model.The model relates processes of viral infection and replication as well as drug efficacy to model parameters.It indicates the prediction of bio-mathematical model during antiviral treatment.     

DNA探针用于中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的分类研究

本项研究首次报道了我国中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊DNA基因库的建立,并从中华按蚊DNA基因库中筛选出一特异的DNA片段,以此为DNA探针,分别与中华按蚊DNA和嗜人按蚊DNA进行斑点杂交试验,其结果证明该DNA探针可与任何发育期的中华按蚊DNA杂交而不与嗜人按蚊DNA杂交,该探针敏感性高,可检测出7.5ng的中华按蚊DNA,大约相当于1个蚊虫总DNA的1/150,可用于区别中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊。     

TSHR第三胞内袢基因突变与毒性多结节性甲状腺肿发病的相关研究

目的探讨促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)第三胞内袢基因突变在毒性多结节性甲状腺肿(TMG)自主高功能性形成中的作用。方法将16例TMG患者手术切除标本及其作为对照的甲状腺正常组织,用酚-氯仿-异戊醇法提取基因组DNA,对目的基因片断进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)及行DNA测序。结果在16例TMG 标本中,发现3例为622位密码子的点突变。异亮氨酸被苯丙氨酸置换(I622F,ATT→TTT),2例为单碱基插入性突变,在1928位和1929位核酸之间播入了一个鸟嘌呤核苷酸(G),使该密码子609位以后氨基酸发生了移码突变。在对照组中,未发现TSHR基因突变。结论 TSHR第三胞内袢基因突变,可能在TMG发病中起重要作用。     

DNA immunization with fusion genes encoding different regions of hepatitis C virus E2 fused to the gene for hepatitis B surface antigen elicits immune responses to both HCV and HBV

AIM：Both Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major causative agents of transfusion-associated and community-acquired hepatitis wordwide.Development of a HCV vaccine as well as more effective HBV vaccines is and urgent task.DNA immunization provides a promising approach to elicit protective humoral and cellular immune responses against viral infection.The aim of this study is to achieve immune responses against both HCV and HBV by DNA immunization with fusion constructs comprising various HCV E2 gene fragments fused to HBsAg gene of HBV.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were immunized with plasmid DNA expressing five fragmets of HCV E2 fused to the gene for HBaAg respectively.After one primary and one boosting immunizatios,antibodies against HCV E2 and HBsAg weretested and subtyped in ELISA.Splenic cytokine expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 was analyzed using an RT-PCR assay Post-immune mouse antisera also were tested for their ability to capture HCV viruses in the serum of a hepatitis C patient in vitro.RESULTS:After immunization,antibodies against both HBsAg and HCV E2 were detected in mouse sera,with Ig2a being the dominant immunoglobulin sub-class.Highlevel expression of INF-γwas detected in cultured splenic cells Mouse antisera against three of the five nfusion constructs were able to capture HCV viruses in an in vitro assay.CONCLUSION:The results indicate that these fusion constructs could efficiently elicit humoral and Th1 dominant cellular immune responses against both HBV S and HCV E2 antigens in DNA-immunized mice.They thus could serve as candidates for a bivalent vaccine against HBV and HCV infection.In addition,the capacity of mouse antisera against three of the five fusion constructs to capture HCV viruses in vitro suggested that neutralizing epitopes may be present in other regions of E2 besides the hypervariable region1.     

结核分枝杆菌DNA疫苗对小鼠结核病免疫治疗作用的实验研究

目的探讨结核分枝杆菌DNA疫苗pcD85B、pcDMPT64以及小鼠白细胞介素12(IL-12)真核表达质粒psIL12对结核分枝杆菌感染的疗效与机制。方法将结核分枝杆菌H37Rv感染的C57BL/J6小鼠100只随机分成生理盐水对照组、pcDNA3.1对照组,psIL12治疗组,pcD85B、pcDMPT64、pcD85B+pcDMPT64、pcD85B+psIL12DNA疫苗治疗组。感染4周后分别给予生理盐水、空质粒、psIL-12及DNA疫苗,第1次治疗后2个月处死小鼠,检测器官荷菌量、脾淋巴细胞特异性γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的分泌水平,并于第1次治疗后2个月、5个月观察小鼠肺、脾组织病理改变情况。结果pcD85B治疗组肺组织荷菌量(lg-1CFU/g)为6.99±0.40,比生理盐水对照组(8.15±0.37)、pCDNA3.1对照组(8.19±0.29)显著降低(P<0.01);脾组织荷菌量(lg-1CFU/g,x±s)为5.17±0.33,比生理盐水对照组(5.76±0.16)及空质粒对照组(5.88±0.21)显著降低(P<0.05)。psIL12治疗组的肺(7.41±0.50)、脾(5.31±0.21)荷菌量比对照组显著降低(P<0.05);pcD85B+psIL12治疗组肺、脾荷菌量与pcD85B组比较差别无统计学意义。pcD85B组脾淋巴细胞IFN-γ、TNFα水平比对照组显著升高(P<0.05),各组间IL4水平差异无统计学意义。生理盐水对照组、pCDNA3.1对照组肺组织     

Observation of DNA damage of human hepatoma cells irradiated by heavy ions using comet assay

AIM: Now many countries have developed cancer therapy with heavy ions, especially in GSI (Gesellschaft f r Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany), remarkable results have obtained, but due to the complexity of particle track structure, the basic theory still needs further researching. In this paper, the genotoxic effects of heavy ions irradiation on SMMC-7721 cells were measured using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The information about the DNA damage made by other radiations such as X-ray, gamma-ray, UV and fast neutron irradiation is very plentiful, while little work have been done on the heavy ions so far. Hereby we tried to detect the reaction of liver cancer cells to heavy ion using comet assay, meanwhile to establish a database for clinic therapy of cancer with the heavy ions. METHODS: The human hepatoma cells were chosen as the test cell line irradiated by 80 Mev/u (20)Ne(10+) on HIRFL (China), the radiation-doses were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gy, and then comet assay was used immediately to detect the DNA damages, 100-150 cells per dose-sample (30-50 cells were randomly observed at constant depth of the gel). The tail length and the quantity of the cells with the tail were put down. EXCEL was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We obtained clear images by comet assay and found that SMMC-7721 cells were all damaged apparently from the dose 0.5 Gy to 8 Gy (t-test: P<0.001, vs control). The tail length and tail moment increased as the doses increased, and the number of cells with tails increased with increasing doses. When doses were higher than 2 Gy, nearly 100 % cells were damaged. Furthermore, both tail length and tail moment, showed linear equation. CONCLUSION: From the clear comet assay images, our experiment proves comet assay can be used to measure DNA damages by heavy ions. Meanwhile DNA damages have a positive correlation with the dose changes of heavy ions and SMMC-7721 cells have a great radiosensitivity to (20)Ne(10+). Different reactions to the change of doses indicate that comet assay is a useful tool to detect DNA damage induced by heavy ions.     

应用DNA微阵列技术快速鉴定分枝杆菌菌种

目的 利用DNA微阵列的高通量、高效性,建立一种快速、简便的分枝杆菌分子菌种鉴定方法,为临床医师正确诊断提供依据.方法 以DNA直接测序法为对照,通过PCR-SSCP和DNA微阵列技术分析28种分枝杆菌标准菌株、9种非分枝杆菌和465株分枝杆菌临床分离株的菌种.结果 应用DNA微阵列技术分析28种分枝杆菌标准菌株和9种非分枝杆菌菌株,特异性100%.465株分枝杆菌临床分离株中,经16S rRNA PCR-SSCP初步菌种鉴定,256株为结核分枝杆菌复合群,应用DNA微阵列分析,显示与分枝杆菌属探针M和结核分枝杆菌复合群探针a杂交阳性,两种鉴定方法结果一致;209株PCR-SSCP初步鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌的分离株,经芯片分析,68株为龟分枝杆菌龟亚种和脓肿亚种,46株为胞内分枝杆菌,34株为堪萨斯、瘰疬、胃和猿猴分枝杆菌复合群,31株为偶然分枝杆菌,16株为戈登分枝杆菌,3株为鸟分枝杆菌,2株为海和溃疡分枝杆菌复合群,1株为土分枝杆菌,1株为迪氏分枝杆菌,1株为草分枝杆菌;另6株只与探针M杂交,经测序显示5株为胞内分枝杆菌,但其基因序列与标准菌株不完全相同,1株为新金色分枝杆菌,芯片上无鉴定该菌种的探针.结论 用DNA微阵列可简便、快速、灵敏、特异地将大多数分枝杆菌鉴定到种,提高分枝杆菌病的正确诊断率,指导临床合理治疗.     

A candidate DNA vaccine elicits HCV specific humoral and cellular immune responses

AIM: TO investigate the immunogenicity of candidate DNA vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) delivered by two plasmids expressing HCV envelope protein 1 (El) and envelope protein 2 (E2) antigens respectively and to study the effect of CpG adjuvant on this candidate vaccine.METHODS: Recombinant plasmJds expressing HCV EI and E2 antigens respectively were used to simultaneously inoculate mice with or without CpG adjuvant. Antisera were then collected and tJters of antJ-HCV antibodies were analyzed by ELISA. One month after the last injection, animals were sacrificed to prepare single-cell suspension of splenocytes.These cells were subjected to HCV antigen specific proliferaion assays and cytokine secretion assays to evaluate the cellular immune responses of the vaccinated animals.RESULTS: Antibody responses to HCV EI and E2 antigens were detected in vaccinated animals. Animals receiving CpG adjuvant had slightly lower titers of anti-HCV antibodies in the sera, while the splenocytes from these animals showed higher HCV-antigen specific proliferation. Analysis of cytokine secretion from the splenocytes was consistent with the above results. While no antigen-specific IL-4 secretion was detected for all vaccinated animals, HCV antigen-specific INF-γ, secretion was detected for the splenocytes of vaccinated animals. CpG adjuvant enhanced the secretion of INF-γ, but did not change the profile of IL-4 secretion.CONCLUSION: Vaccination of mice with plasmids encoding HCV E1 and E2 antigens induces humoral and cellular immune responses. CpG adjuvant significantly enhances the cellular immune response.     

亚硒酸钠对胃粘膜细胞非程序DNA合成、LPO和ras P21表达的影响

目的研究亚硒酸钠对甲基硝基亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）所致胃粘膜细胞损伤的防护作用．方法观察了亚硒酸钠对ＭＮＮＧ所致胃粘膜细胞非程序ＤＮＡ合成（ＵＤＳ）、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）和ｒａｓＰ２１表达的影响．结果胃粘膜细胞先用１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ或１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ亚硒酸钠预处理４ｈ，再给ＭＮＮＧ组细胞的非程序ＤＮＡ合成水平（ｃｐｍ／×１０－６ｍｉｎ－１，１１６６±１５６或１５６６±１８７ｖｓ１８３８±２０５，Ｐ＜００１～００５），脂质过氧化物（２０ｄ，μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，４５±０６或４７±０６ｖｓ７４±０７，Ｐ＜００１）和ｒａｓＰ２１蛋白含量（２０ｄ，Ａ，０６８±００８或０８６±００７ｖｓ１０８±０１１，Ｐ＜００１～００５）均显著低于ＭＮＮＧ组．结论一定剂量亚硒酸钠对ＭＮＮＧ诱导的胃粘膜细胞损伤有防护作用．     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白Ag85B-ESAT6的融合表达及纯化

目的　融合表达结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白Ag85B ESAT6 ,为结核病的预防提供有效亚单位疫苗。方法　设计含不同酶切位点的Ag85B和ESAT6引物 ,采用聚合酶链反应 (polymerasechainreaction ,PCR)的方法从结核分枝杆菌毒株H3 7Rv DNA中分别扩增出相应大小的DNA片段 ,将片段分别与PGEM T easy载体连接测序。将测序正确的Ag85B和ESAT6按照不同的酶切位点克隆入PPROEXHT表达载体 ,挑选出阳性克隆 ,将诱导的表达产物进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS PAGE)分析 ,同时与含6个组氨酸 (histidine 6×his)的单克隆抗体 (monoclonalantibody ,mAb)进行固定化蛋白质免疫学测定(Western blot) ,将用含Ni 鳌合剂的Ni NTA亲合柱纯化的表达产物免疫小鼠 ,用结核分枝杆菌培养上清滤液蛋白 (culturefiltrateproteins ,CFP)作为抗原 ,酶联免疫吸附试验 (enzyme linkedimmunosorbentassay ,ELISA)测定免疫小鼠血清特异性抗体的滴度。结果　PCR获得的Ag85B和ESAT6序列与基因文库 (GenBank)报道的完全一致。两者在大肠杆菌DH5α株中融合表达的产物约为 370 0 0 ,与预计大小相吻合。Western blot结果显示 ,在相对分子量约 370 0 0处有表达产物与 6×hismAb特异性结合带。表达产物为包涵体 ,通过Ni NTA纯化系统 ,可得到纯化的目的蛋白。Ag8