血管外肺水联合血清N末端B型钠尿肽原检测在急性呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨血管外肺水（EVLW）及血清N末端B型钠尿肽原（NT—proBNP）变化在急性心源性与非心源性呼吸困难患者中诊断和鉴别诊断的临床意义。方法选择我院2006年10月—2008年11月以呼吸困难为主诉就诊的患者130例,分为心源性呼吸困难组70例,非心源性呼吸困难组60例,同时按照纽约心功能分级标准（NY-HA）对心力衰竭患者进行分级。采用PiCCO监测EVLW及中心静脉压（CVP）,电化学发光法测定患者血清NT—proBNP水平,比较两组EVLW及NT—proBNP的差异。结果心源性与非心源性呼吸困难组患者的EVLW水平分别为（7154-53）ml和（5274-95）ml,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;心源性呼吸困难组EVLW与CVP水平呈正相关（r=0．750,P〈0．01）。心源性与非心源性呼吸困难组血清NT—proBNP水平分别为（1215±386）ng／L和（196±40）ng／L,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;不同NYHA心功能亚组间血清NT—proBNP水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;心源性呼吸困难组血清NT—proBNP水平与左室射血分数之间呈负相关（r=-0．601,P〈0．01）。结论EVLW及NT—proBNP对心源性呼吸困难和非心源性呼吸困难的诊断和鉴别诊断有实际意义。     

纳武利尤单抗注射液致重症肌无力

1例53岁女性患者于肝内胆管癌术后20个月给予纳武利尤单抗注射液140 mg静脉滴注、1次/d,第1、20天。第2次应用该药后第3天,患者出现双下肢乏力;第14天乏力加重,出现视物模糊、上眼睑下垂、胸闷气促伴心悸;第24天出现胡言乱语,发展为呼之不应。给予气管插管机械通气及对症支持治疗后患者神志恢复。诊断为药源性重症肌无力危象,合并心力衰竭、呼吸衰竭。给予激素、人免疫球蛋白治疗19 d后,患者眼睑下垂、心悸症状明显好转,但呼吸衰竭无明显好转,无法脱机自主呼吸。     

Clinical significance of bendopnea in heart failure—Systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBendopnea is a symptom mediated by increased ventricular filling pressure during bending forward. Presence of bendopnea in patients can be easily evaluated without additional maneuver in several countries whose norms, habits, culture, and occupation relates to a higher frequency of bending forward. This information may prove valuable in routine clinical practice. We aimed to analyze the latest evidence on bendopnea in order to further define the clinical significance of this symptom.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search on bendopnea in heart failure from inception up until January 2019 through PubMed, EuropePMC, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Central Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsThere were 283 patients (31.76%) who have bendopnea, and a total of 891 patients from six studies were included. Bendopnea was associated with the presence of dyspnea [odds ratio (OR) 69.70 (17.35–280.07); <0.001], orthopnea [OR 3.02 (2.02–4.52); <0.001], paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea [OR 2.76 (1.76–4.32); <0.001], and abdominal fullness [OR 7.50 (4.15–13.58); <0.001]. Association with elevated jugular venous pressure was shown in two studies. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV was more prevalent in patients with bendopnea [OR 7.58 (4.35–13.22); <0.001]. Bendopnea was also associated with increased mortality [OR 2.21 (1.34–3.66); 0.002].ConclusionBendopnea is associated with the presence of several signs and symptoms. This study also showed that bendopnea is one of the signs and symptoms of advanced heart failure associated with increased mortality. However, owing to the limited number of studies, further investigation is needed before drawing a definite conclusion.     

Diastolic function is associated with quality of life and exercise capacity in stable heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

Exercise capacity and quality of life (QOL) are important outcome predictors in patients with systolic heart failure (HF), independent of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF). LV diastolic function has been shown to be a better predictor of aerobic exercise capacity in patients with systolic dysfunction and a New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification ≥II. We hypothesized that the currently used index of diastolic function E/e'' is associated with exercise capacity and QOL, even in optimally treated HF patients with reduced LVEF. This prospective study included 44 consecutive patients aged 55±11 years (27 men and 17 women), with LVEF<0.50 and NYHA functional class I-III, receiving optimal pharmacological treatment and in a stable clinical condition, as shown by the absence of dyspnea exacerbation for at least 3 months. All patients had conventional transthoracic echocardiography and answered the Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire, followed by the 6-min walk test (6MWT). In a multivariable model with 6MWT as the dependent variable, age and E/e'' explained 27% of the walked distance in 6MWT (P=0.002; multivariate regression analysis). No association was found between walk distance and LVEF or mitral annulus systolic velocity. Only normalized left atrium volume, a sensitive index of diastolic function, was associated with decreased QOL. Despite the small number of patients included, this study offers evidence that diastolic function is associated with physical capacity and QOL and should be considered along with ejection fraction in patients with compensated systolic HF.     

Effects of Home‐based Training at Dyspnea Threshold in Children Surgically Repaired for Congenital Heart Disease

The present investigation was aimed at assessing the effect of home‐based training on cardiorespiratory responses in children surgically corrected for congenital heart impairment using dyspnea threshold (DT) as training intensity. A group of 23 children aged 15 ± 1.4 years who had undergone surgical correction for congenital heart disease (CHD group) and 12 healthy children used as a control group performed an exercise protocol during which aerobic capacity, ventilatory threshold (VT), and DT were assessed. Afterwards, the CHD group was divided into two subgroups: trained and untrained subjects. Training sessions over a period of 2 months were performed at an intensity corresponding to DT by the CHD trained group. Dyspnea was scored according to a visual analog scale during the warm up, at each exercise stage, and during the recovery period. DT was located on the oxygen uptake/dyspnea curve when a sudden increase in the dyspnea score occured, while VT was defined according to the methodology previously employed by Beaver and colleagues. The results showed that children who had undergone surgery for CHD had reduced aerobic capacity. No significant difference was observed between VT and DT in children corrected for CHD. These two thresholds were highly related. Home‐based training at DT did not strongly improve aerobic capacity nor did it influence the relationship between VT and DT. Further studies should be conducted to confirm these preliminary findings, particularly when aerobic capacity is improved by training.     

Dysfonction microcirulatoire coronaire et 2D strain à la dobutamine chez un patient dyspnéique

Microcirculatory dysfunction despite the absence of angiographically obvious significant coronary artery disease may potentially generate symptomatic myocardial ischemia; comprehensive assessment both noninvasive and invasive could prove to be of critical interest. We report the case of a 54-year old patient referred for an exertion dyspnea that proved to be caused by both micro and microvascular dysfunction. We present key elements for diagnosis, functional evaluation and management and demonstrate the potential role of speckle tracking imaging in that setting.