快速测定血浆B型钠尿肽鉴别老年人呼吸困难病因的临床观察

目的　评估快速B型钠尿肽 (BNP)测定在老年人呼吸困难诊断及充血性心力衰竭(CHF)近期预后判断的意义。　方法　根据最后诊断将 2 92例老年呼吸困难患者分为 4组 :CHF组( 14 6例 )、肺病组 ( 75例 )、CHF 肺病组 ( 5 2例 )和非CHF 非肺病组 ( 19例 ) ,采用干式快速免疫荧光法定量测定全部患者的血浆BNP浓度。　结果　CHF组BNP水平为 ( 736± 381)ng/L ;肺病组为 ( 6 2± 37)ng/L ;CHF 肺病组为 ( 5 14± 32 7)ng/L ;非CHF 非肺病组为 ( 6 1± 2 9)ng/L。肺病组的BNP水平与非CHF 非肺病组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,其余各组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级〔纽约心脏学会 (NYHA)分级〕的BNP水平分别为 ( 374± 2 2 1)ng/L、( 6 34± 336 )ng/L、( 96 4± 32 1)ng/L ,组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。BNP值等于 110ng/L为界值时预测CHF的准确性最强。经短期观察发现 ,CHF组 14 6例中有 2 1例发生心血管事件 ,其BNP水平显著高于无心血管事件患者〔( 110 9± 4 31)ng/L和 ( 6 73± 336 )ng/L ,P <0 0 1)〕。　 结论　快速测定血浆BNP有助于鉴别老年人呼吸困难病因 ,是一种判断CHF预后的客观性指标     

不同激素雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎并发呼吸困难的临床疗效观察

目的探讨不同激素雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎并发呼吸困难的临床疗效,为优选雾化药物提供依据。方法将符合入选标准的70例急性喉炎并发呼吸困难患儿按随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,各35例。观察组雾化吸入布地奈德(普米克令舒),对照组雾化吸入地塞米松,观察患儿治疗前后各症状改善情况,并记录改善时间。结果观察组治疗1h后呼吸困难、发热、声哑、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音等症状评分改善程度与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组呼吸困难、发热、声哑、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音等症状改善时间与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿急性喉炎并发呼吸困难首推普米克令舒作为激素雾化的首选药物,可快速高效缓解患儿不适症状,能降低全身应用激素产生的不良反应,值得临床推广使用。     

BNP检测在急诊呼吸困难患者病因诊断及心功能评估中的意义

目的：探讨脑钠肽(BNP)检测在急诊呼吸困难患者病因诊断及心功能评估中的意义。方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2015年6月因急诊呼吸困难在中医医院和中心医院治疗的100例患者的临床诊治资料,分析肺源性（42例）和心源性呼吸困难(58例)患者的BNP水平,比较左心功能不全(32例)和右心功能不全(26例)以及不同心功能等级患者BNP水平的差异。结果心源性呼吸困难者BNP水平为(422.85±16.93) pg/mL,明显高于肺源性呼吸困难患者的(162.38±15.42) pg/mL,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);左心功能不全患者的BNP水平为(435.96±13.65) pg/mL,明显高于右心功能不全者的(372.32±15.31) pg/mL,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同心功能等级患者的BNP水平差异较大：心功能等级越高,BNP浓度越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);BNP浓度与每搏输出量(SV)、左心室收缩压(LVPS)和左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(r=-0.356、-0.362、-0.423),与CTnl浓度呈正相关(r=0.268,P<0.05)。结论血清BNP浓度对急诊呼吸困难患者病因的判断具有较好的价值,并可初步判断患者心功能情况,具有临床推广应用价值。     

急诊检测N末端B型脑钠肽前体指导抢救老年呼吸困难患者146例分析

目的探讨快速测定N末端B型脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）在急诊老年呼吸困难患者中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年12月以呼吸困难为主诉急诊入院的146例患者（年龄≥60岁）,2012年度患者为常规治疗组;2013年度患者为NT-proBNP测定结果指导下治疗组;按照NT-proBNP临床参考标准和测定结果来评价呼吸困难的性质从而指导抢救,对两组患者抢救成功率进行分析比较。结果2012年度抢救67例（显效15例、有效37例、无效11例、死亡4例）,2013年度抢救79例（显效27例、有效44例、无效6例、死亡2例）。2013年度以NT-proBNP水平指导下抢救的呼吸困难老年患者的抢救成功率（89．87％）明显高于2012年度常规治疗组（77．61％）（x^2=4．11,P〈0．05）。结论急诊快速测定NT—proBNP水平指导抢救老年呼吸困难患者具有较高的临床应用价值。     

乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片合用噻托溴铵吸入剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床分析

目的分析乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片合用噻托溴铵吸入剂对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床疗效。 方法选择2018年4月至2020年10月我院收治的COPD患者124例,分为观察组63例,对照组61例。给予对照组噻托溴铵吸入剂及其它常规治疗,观察组在对照组的治疗基础上加用乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片治疗。比较两组治疗前及治疗3个月时的肺功能指标值、血气指标值及血清炎性因子水平;比较两组治疗3个月时的气流受限严重程度及呼吸困难程度。 结果治疗3个月时,两组患者的FEV₁、FVC、FEV₁/FVC值较治疗前提高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),两组血清IL-6、INF-γ、TNF-α水平较治疗前降低;观察组治疗3个月时的PaO₂值高于对照组,PaCO₂低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗3个月时的气流受限程度两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片联合噻托溴铵吸入剂治疗COPD具有较好临床疗效。     

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting with complete opacification of the hemithorax: A case report

BACKGROUND

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, a subtype of primary lung sarcoma is a very rare disease. It usually presents as a lung nodules and the final diagnosis is made by immunohistochemical studies.

METHODS

A 45-year-old patient presented with progressive dyspnea, dry cough and right shoulder pain. Chest X-ray revealed complete opacification of the right hemithorax. Chest computed tomography confirmed the presence of a heterogeneous lesion occupying the whole right hemithorax causing a mass effect on the trachea. Ultrasound guided biopsy was done and final pathology was suggestive of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

CONCLUSION

Progressive dyspnea in young otherwise healthy patients should be investigated early on. In our case the presence of right shoulder pain indicates advance disease illustrated by the singular imaging findings.     

Improvement of pulmonary function and dyspnea by tiotropium in COPD patients using a transdermal beta(2)-agonist

BACKGROUND: A combination of bronchodilators may be effective in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined the effect of adding a long-acting anti-cholinergic agent (tiotropium) to a transdermal-type beta(2)-agonist (tulobuterol) on dyspnea as well as pulmonary function. METHODS: In a multicentre, randomized, parallel design study, 60 COPD patients treated with the transdermal beta(2)-agonist tulobuterol were divided into a tiotropium added group (Tulo+Tio group, n=40) or transdermal beta(2)-agonist tulobuterol alone group (Tulo group, n=20), and then treated for 4 weeks after a 2 week run-in period. Pulmonary function and a dyspnea (Medical Research Council (MRC)) scale were assessed before and after the treatment. Daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring was also performed. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, the Tulo+Tio group showed a significant increase in pulmonary function compared with the Tulo group; DeltaFVC (0.31+/-0.06 L vs. 0.06+/-0.05 L, p< 0.01), DeltaFEV(1) (0.15+/-0.03 L vs. -0.02+/-0.02 L, p<0.0001), and DeltaPEF (41.0+/-5.1 L/min vs. 0.5+/-3.5 L/min, p<0.0001). The MRC dyspnea scale was also significantly improved in Tulo+Tio, but not in Tulo group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tiotropium caused a significant improvement in both pulmonary function and dyspnea in COPD patients already treated with the transdermal beta(2)-agonist tulobuterol.     

踏车锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者吸气肺功能的影响及与运动能力改善的关系

目的 探讨踏车锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者吸气肺功能的影响及与运动能力改善的关系.方法 对12例中、重度COPD患者进行12周的下肢踏车运动训练.在运动训练前后分别进行常规肺通气功能、弥散功能、肺容积、最大用力吸气峰流速(PIF)、最大吸气压(MIP)、症状限制递增功率心肺运动试验和高强度恒定功率心肺运动试验.在高强度恒定功率运动中,每隔1 min记录受试者潮式呼吸流速-容积(TBFV)曲线.结果 踏车锻炼后COPD患者运动持续时间(T)(t=7.357,P＜0.001)和峰运动功率(WRpeak)(t=3.614,P＜0.05)显著增加;MIP(t=4.754,P＜0.001)和PIF(t=2.440,P＜0.05)显著增加;踏车锻炼后COPD患者在等时间点潮式呼吸吸气峰流速(t=-2.747,P＜0.05)和呼气峰流速(t=-4.487,P＜0.05)均较前显著下降,最大吸气流速储备较前显著增加(t=2.755,P＜0.05),最大呼气流速储备较前无显著变化(t=1.326,P＞0.05).受试者下肢踏车锻炼后MIP的增加(r=0.613,P＜0.05)、PIF的增加(r=0.497,P＜0.05)和等时间点最大吸气流速储备的增加(r=0.592,P＜0.05)分别与运动持续时间的增加呈显著正相关.结论 下肢运动训练可改善COPD患者吸气肺功能指标;运动训练后吸气肌肉力量、PIF和运动中吸气流速储备的增加可能是COPD患者运动能力改善的主要原因.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of treadmill training on inspiratory function and its association with improvement of exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The 12 moderate to severe COPD patients were allocated to lower-limb exercise training for 12weeks. The routine tests of pulmonary ventilation function, diffusion function,lung volume, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), symptom-limited progressive cycle ergometer exercise tests and constant work rate exercise tests were administered before and after the training program. During the constant work rate exercise tests, tidal breathing flow volume (TBFV) curves were recorded every 1 mir. Results After treadmill training, the exercise duration (T) (t=7. 357, P＜0. 001), peak work rate (WRpeak) (t=3. 614, P＜0.05), MIP (t=4.754, P＜0. 001) and PIF (t=2. 440, P＜0. 05) increased significantly. The tidal PIF (t=- 2.747, P＜0.05) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (t = - 4.487, P＜ 0.05 ) decreased significantly at isotime. Maxium inspiratory flow reserve (△FLOWinsp) (t = 2. 755, P ＜ 0. 05 ) increased significantly at isotime, and maxium expiratory flow reserve (△FLOWexp) (t = 1. 326, P ＞ 0.05)showed no significant changes; The△T were positively correlated with △MIP (r=0. 613, P＜0. 05),△PIF (r=0.497, P＜0.05) and △FLOWinsp (r=0.592, P＜0.05). Conclusions Lower limb exercise training improves inspiratory function of COPD patients. The improvement of exercise endurance in moderate to severe COPD patients after lower limb exercise training is due to increases of inspiratory muscle strength, maxium PIF and inspiratory flow reserve.