Adenocarcinoma arising from respiratory ciliated epithelium in benign cystic teratoma of the ovary: a case report with analyzes of the CT, MRI, and pathological findings

The malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is rare, thus occurring in only 1-2% of all cases. The most common malignancy arising in mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma occurs with less frequency. We herein present a patient with an ovarian mature cystic teratoma who demonstrated a malignant transformation to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Malignant transformation was diagnosed preoperatively by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Microscopically and immunohistochemically, the adenocarcinoma was considered to have arisen from the ciliated respiratory epithelium. After a 28-month of follow-up period, she remains free of the disease. This is the third reported case of adenocarcinoma arising in the respiratory epithelium of an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. Contrast enhanced CT and MRI are useful for making a preoperative diagnosis and an immunohistochemical study is helpful for defining its origin.     

鼻窦增强核磁共振（MRI）在鼻内翻性乳头状瘤（NIP）临床诊断中的意义

目的：探讨鼻窦增强核磁共振（MRI）在鼻内翻性乳头状瘤（NIP）诊断中的应用价值。方法对该院2014年1月—2014年11月收治的经病理确诊并行手术治疗的55例NIP患者手术前的增强MRI中瘤体表现特点进行回顾性分析,对增强MRI对于NIP的诊断价值进行分析。结果 NIP的增强MRI表现：瘤体表面分叶状22例（40%）;信号强度：多数为等-长T1、稍长-长T2信号影。经增强扫描后发现瘤体出现不均匀或均匀强化。条纹样改变：其中25例（45.45%）患者存在高低信号相间条纹状变化;阻塞性炎症18例（32.73%）;7例（12.73%）患者病变为：以肿瘤的附着点为中心向周围呈放射状生长。增强MRI的NIP分期符合率显著高于CT扫描,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论鼻窦增强MRI扫描能够对NIP瘤体及阻塞性炎症进行较好区分,对于NIP的临床分期诊断具有重要价值。     

Advances in Myocardial Perfusion MR Imaging: Physiological Implications,the Importance of Quantitative Analysis,and Impact on Patient Care in Coronary Artery Disease

Stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is the preferred test in patients with intermediate-to-high clinical likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD) and can be used as a gatekeeper to avoid unnecessary revascularization. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has a number of favorable characteristics, including: (1) high spatial resolution that can delineate subendocardial ischemia; (2) comprehensive assessment of morphology, global and regional cardiac functions, tissue characterization, and coronary artery stenosis; and (3) no radiation exposure to patients. According to meta-analysis studies, the diagnostic accuracy of perfusion CMR is comparable to positron emission tomography (PET) and perfusion CT, and is better than single-photon emission CT (SPECT) when fractional flow reserve (FFR) is used as a reference standard. In addition, stress CMR has an excellent prognostic value. One meta-analysis study demonstrated the annual event rate of cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction was 4.9% and 0.8%, respectively, in patients with positive and negative stress CMR. Quantitative assessment of perfusion CMR not only allows the objective evaluation of regional ischemia but also provides insights into the pathophysiology of microvascular disease and diffuse subclinical atherosclerosis. For accurate quantification of myocardial perfusion, saturation correction of arterial input function is important. There are two major approaches for saturation correction, one is a dual-bolus method and the other is a dual-sequence method. Absolute quantitative mapping with myocardial perfusion CMR has good accuracy in detecting coronary microvascular dysfunction. Flow measurement in the coronary sinus (CS) with phase contrast cine CMR is an alternative approach to quantify global coronary flow reserve (CFR). The measurement of global CFR by quantitative analysis of perfusion CMR or flow measurement in the CS permits assessment of microvascular disease and diffuse subclinical atherosclerosis, which may provide improved prediction of future event risk in patients with suspected or known CAD. Multi-institutional studies to validate the diagnostic and prognostic values of quantitative perfusion CMR approaches are required.     

96例胆道滴注法造影临床观察

目的　改变传统的胆道造影方法 ,采用滴注造影剂进行胆道造影 ,以达到胆道最佳造影。方法　常规消毒T管 ,用 9号Y形穿刺针穿刺入T管 ,缓慢滴入 38%泛影葡胺以显影胆道。结果　 96例胆道显影良好 ,其中 3例提示总胆管下端残余结石 ,拔T管后经窦道胆镜下取石成功 ,2例为气体所致假结石阴影 ,经生理盐水冲洗后再造影即消失。结论　低流量滴注造影剂能较理想显影胆道 ,并容易发现结石 ,而且方法简单 ,对病人刺激轻微 ,不失为一种胆道造影的好方法     

Motor Mapping with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison with Electrical Cortical Stimulation

The aim of the present study was to evaluate motor area mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) compared with electrical cortical stimulation (ECS). Motor mapping with fMRI and ECS were retrospectively compared in seven patients with refractory epilepsy in which the primary motor (M1) areas were identified by fMRI and ECS mapping between 2012 and 2019. A right finger tapping task was used for fMRI motor mapping. Blood oxygen level-dependent activation was detected in the left precentral gyrus (PreCG)/postcentral gyrus (PostCG) along the “hand knob” of the central sulcus in all seven patients. Bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMAs) were also activated (n = 6), and the cerebellar hemisphere showed activation on the right side (n = 3) and bilateral side (n = 4). Furthermore, the premotor area (PM) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) were also activated on the left side (n = 1) and bilateral sides (n = 2). The M1 and sensory area (S1) detected by ECS included fMRI-activated PreCG/PostCG areas with broader extent. This study showed that fMRI motor mapping was locationally well correlated to the activation of M1/S1 by ECS, but the spatial extent was not concordant. In addition, the involvement of SMA, PM/PPC, and the cerebellum in simple voluntary movement was also suggested. Combination analysis of fMRI and ECS motor mapping contributes to precise localization of M1/S1.     

Imaging Findings of Hepatic Ewing’s Sarcoma on Computed Tomography and Gadobenate Dimeglumine-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Report and Literature Review

Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a tumor that often occurs in the long bones and rarely arises from visceral organs primarily. Here, we report a case of primary hepatic ES, discuss its computed tomography (CT) and gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance (MRI) features. This is the first Chinese and fifth primary hepatic ES case reported, based on a literature review. Imaging examinations showed that the tumor was solid, with necrosis and hemorrhage. Contrast-enhanced images showed that the tumor was hypervascular and especially had heterogeneous signal intensity on hepatobiliary phase MRI images. Intratumoral vessels and vascular invasion were also present.