腮腺良性和恶性多形性腺瘤的超声研究

目的研究腮腺良性和恶性多形性腺瘤的超声特点,为临床医师诊治提供有效依据。方法选取腮腺良性多形性腺瘤患者79例和恶性多形性腺瘤患者15例,对其肿块的大小、硬度、内部回声、彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)特点结合病理学诊断进行对照研究。结果恶性多形性腺瘤的声像图特点与良性多形性腺瘤相似,但其肿瘤相对较大,质地更硬,内部回声分布更紊乱。不同性质的肿瘤的大小和质地有显著性差异,(P<0.01)。结论多形性腺瘤的超声诊断主要依据二维图像之特点。当多形性腺瘤大于3.0 cm,硬度较硬,内部回声分布不均多提示恶性。     

彩色多普勒超声在肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞术后的应用

对于失去手术机会的肝细胞肝癌,介入治疗是目前比较公认的首选治疗方法,但因其复发、转移率高,故术后寻找一种简便、有效的监测方法客观评价其疗效显得尤其重要。本文综述了彩色多普勒超声在肝细胞肝癌经动脉化疗栓塞术后评价的应用,及与其他影像学方法比较和其优势所在。     

Echogenic Appearance of Colorectal Liver Metastases on Intraoperative Ultrasonography is Associated with Survival After Hepatic Resection

Survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases has traditionally been associated with clinicopathologic factors. We sought to investigate whether echogenicity of colorectal liver metastasis as assessed by intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) was a prognostic factor after hepatic resection. Prospective data on tumor IOUS appearance were collected in 84 patients who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis. Images were digitally recorded, blindly reviewed, and scored for echogenicity (hypo-, iso-, or hyperechoic). The median tumor number was 1 and the median tumor size was 5.0 cm. At the time of surgery, the IOUS appearance of the colorectal liver metastases were hypoechoic in 35 (41.7%) patients, isoechoic in 37 (44.0%) patients, and hyperechoic in 12 (14.3%) patients. Traditional clinicopathologic prognostic factors were similarly distributed among the three echogenicity groups (all p > 0.05). Patients with a hypoechoic lesion had a significantly shorter median survival (30.2 months) compared with patients who had either an isoechoic (53.2 months) or hyperechoic (42.3 months) lesion (p = 0.005). The 5-year survival after hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastasis was also associated with the echogenic appearance of the lesion (hypoechoic 14.4 vs isoechoic 37.4 vs hyperechoic 46.2%) (p < 0.05). Intraoperative ultrasound echogenicity should be considered a prognostic factor after hepatic resection of metastatic colorectal cancer. This study was presented at the 47th annual meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 22 May 2006.     

血管内超声显像在冠心病支架植入术中的应用

目的探讨血管内超声在冠心病支架植入中的作用。方法50例患者的52处病变在支架植入前后分别用血管内超声进行定量和定性分析,并根据血管内超声标准决定支架的直径以及植入的终点,分析CAG和IVUS对支架植入终点判断的差异和最终获得的管腔面积大小的差别以及支架后管腔面积增大的机制。结果IVUS比CAG判断的平均支架直径大[(3.48±0.29)mmvs(3.36±0.33)mm,P=0.011],支架囊的最终峰值压力明显增大[(17.7±2.9)atmvs(12.8±2.4)atm,P<0.001],QCA测得的支架面积狭窄百分比减小(13.2%±6.6%vs16.6%±9.1%,P=0.044);首次高压扩张后支架满意率CAG达96.2%,而IVUS只有37.7%。IVUS指导后最终的球囊压力更高[(16.13±1.87)atmvs(12.62±2.61)atm,P<0.001],获得的管腔直径更大[(3.64±0.53)mmvs(3.31±0.57)mm,P<0.001],管腔面积也更大[(9.90±2.05)mm2vs(8.84±1.67)mm2,P<0.001],面积狭窄百分比更小(49.15%±9.03%vs54.24%±10.05%,P<0.001];所有患者支架的近段和远段CAG均未发现明显的狭窄。而IVUS却发现支架近段血管有39例(75.0%),远段血管有23(44.2%)例存在动脉粥样硬化斑块;支架植入后非脂质斑块较脂质斑块获得的管腔面积更大[(4.50±1.67)mm2vs(3.68±0.97)mm2,P<0.001],其中脂质斑块血管面积增大较非脂质斑块小1.30mm2,斑块压缩程度却增加0.48mm2。结论IVUS较CAG能更好地判断病变的性质,指导支架更好地选择,可获得更大的管腔面积,更小的面积狭窄百分比。     

糖尿病肾内动脉血流动力学改变的研究

目的：观察糖尿病肾病不同时期肾内分级动脉血流动力学的改变。方法：用脉冲多普勒方法分别测量正常对照组、糖尿病正常蛋白尿阶段，隐匿性肾病．临床糖尿病肾病肾功能代偿期及糖尿病肾病肾功失代偿期各组肾内分级动脉Vmax、Vmin、TAMX、PI、RI血流参数．并与对照组比较。结果：糖尿病不同时期Vmax均增高．与正常对照组有显著性差异；Vmin随着病程的发展．逐渐减低；PI、RI随病情的进展逐渐增高．尤以糖尿病肾病肾功能代偿期及肾病肾功失代偿期明显。结论：多普勒超声是一种简便、直观、快速非创伤性检查糖尿病血流动力学改变的方法．通过对肾内分级动脉血流参数的观察．尤其是PI、RI的变化，判断糖尿病肾损害的程度。     

脑缺血疾患颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查

目的 :探讨二维彩色多普勒超声及彩色血管三维超声在颈动脉疾病的诊断价值。材料方法 :疑为缺血性脑卒中患者 80例 ,行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查 ,其中 2 8例同时做彩色血管三维超声成像 ,5 5例经临床、CT、MRI证实为脑梗死。结果 :①本组 5 5例脑梗死 ,彩色多普勒超声发现 4 9例颈动脉粥样硬化斑。②有脑梗死的彩色血管三维血流图呈“串珠”状 ,而非脑梗死的彩色血管三维血流图呈连续“圆锥”状。结论 :彩色多普勒超声诊断颈动脉粥样硬化有良好的价值 ,三维彩超是二维彩色多普勒超声的有益补充。     

112例脑动脉系统微栓子监测的临床研究

目的　研究脑动脉系统微栓子 (MES)的产生机制及其相关因素。方法　将 112例 MES监测的临床资料进行总结分析。结果　本组微栓子检出率为 33.93% ,且全部见于有明显脑卒中症状者 ;脑梗死 MES检出率为35 .87%且以原发性大面积梗死为主 ;MES阳性与病程有明显相关 ,病程 <72 h易检出微栓子 ,阳性率为 4 7.72 % ;颅内血管狭窄是微栓子产生的主要原因 ;颈动脉异常与正常组微栓子出现率无明显差异 ,但发现本组病例中微栓子出现以左侧为主 ,与颈动脉病变部位一致率为 5 5 .5 5 % ;确定微栓子来源于有病变的颅外颈动脉 2例 ,来源于有病变的颅内颈动脉系 5例 ,来源于同时伴有颅内外血管病变 12例 ,表明颅内外动脉同时伴有病变时微栓子检出率增高 ;MES的阳性率与血液成分无相关性 ,但在血液成分异常组中血粘度增高以及血小板聚集降低 MES阳性率明显增高。结论　脑动脉系统中监测到微栓子说明患者有活动的栓子来源 ,易发生或复发脑梗死 ,TCD能正确的监测、判断脑循环中微栓子 ,确定其发生率、性质、来源以及与疾病的联系     

对116例异位妊娠的腹部超声诊断分析

目的：探讨腹部超声对异位妊娠诊断价值。方法：用腹部超声对116例异住妊娠进行手术及病理检查结果进行分析。结果：114例经手术及病理证实诊断为异位妊娠，诊断符合率为97．68％，误诊率2．32％。结论：腹部超声检查异住妊娠可给临床提供准确率很高的诊断依据，它具有简便、直观、迅速、敏感性高、无损伤及易于重复等优点，所以腹部超声应作为异位妊娠诊断的首选方法。     

Transvaginal ultrasound and diagnostic hysteroscopy as a predictor of endometrial polyps: risk factors for premalignancy and malignancy

The aim of this study is to assess accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and diagnostic hysteroscopy in diagnosing endometrial polyps and to determine premalignancy and malignancy rates in asymptomatic women. The study was designed to retrospectively analyze 438 women who underwent operative hysteroscopy in a day-care unit when endometrial polyp was suspected after TVUS and diagnostic hysteroscopy. Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed effects of age, previous breast cancer with tamoxifen treatment, and menopause with or without bleeding on pathologic results. The results indicate that positive predictive value of TVUS with diagnostic hysteroscopy was 79.9%. Premalignancy or malignancy occurred in 3.2% and was significantly related to menopause with abnormal bleeding (P < 0.001), which carried a 20-fold higher risk of pathology than any other group. Age was also a risk factor. It was concluded that TVUS with diagnostic hysteroscopy reliably evaluates endometrial polyps. The low incidence of endometrial tumors in asymptomatic (especially premenopausal) women suggests that their operative evaluation may not be cost effective. Larger studies are needed to support this tentative conclusion.