老年人自评健康的预测因素、贡献程度及群体差异

自评健康（Self-rated health,SRH）是学术研究中广泛应用的健康测量指标。自评健康指标更偏向于代表哪一方面的状况,不同年龄、性别群体是否存在差异,这都是在分析学术研究成果时需要谨防的偏误。本研究在文献基础上构建出老年健康自评决策过程下的概念框架,利用CLASS数据,通过有序多变量logistic回归分析各影响因素的显著性以及性别、年龄的异质性,然后基于优势分析对比全样本、不同性别、年龄样本中影响因素的贡献度。研究结果显示：无论哪个样本,同龄健康比较与往年健康比较贡献程度最高;随着年龄增长,身体功能因素的贡献度减弱,心理健康因素的贡献度增强。本研究主要梳理出老年人自评健康的概念框架,挖掘出老年人自评健康主要代表老年人哪一方面的状况,对未来老年人自评健康研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

Isolation and characterization of dominant,pleiotropic drug-resistance mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Summary Three independent pleiotropic drug-resistance (pdr) mutants were isolated by selecting for resistance to the anti-microtubule herbicides amiprophos-methyl (APM) and oryzalin (ORY). These three mutants and a previously isolated mutant, ani1 (anisomycin resistance), were semi-dominant in heterozygous diploids, and they displayed varying degrees of resistance to structurally and functionally unrelated inhibitors such as cycloheximide, cryptopleurine, emetine, atrazine, and nonidet P-40. Linkage analysis and genetic mapping suggested that three of the four mutants, including ani1, define a single locus, here named pdr1. The fourth mutant defined a new locus, pdr2, which is located on the left arm of linkage group VI. One pdr1 mutant exhibited unusual genetic interactions, including enhanced ts-lethality and synergistic increases in drug resistance, when combined with pdr2-1 and with herbicide-resistant alleles of three other genes.     

Lateralization of unimanual and bimanual motor imagery

Most studies of motor imagery have examined motor cortex function during imagery of dominant hand movement. The aim of this study was to examine the modulation of excitability in the dominant and non-dominant corticomotor pathways during kinesthetic motor imagery of unimanual and bimanual movement. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the contralateral motor cortex (M1) to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles of each hand, in two separate sessions. Transcutaneous electrical stimuli were also delivered to the median nerve at each wrist, to elicit F-waves from APB. Fifteen right-handed volunteers imagined unimanual and bimanual phasic thumb movements, paced with a 1-Hz auditory metronome. Stimuli were delivered at rest, and either 50 ms before (ON phase), or 450 ms after (OFF phase), the metronome beeps. Significant MEP amplitude facilitation occurred only in right APB, during the ON phase of motor imagery of the right hand and both hands. Significant temporal modulation of right APB MEP amplitude was observed during motor imagery of right, left and bimanual performance. F-wave persistence and amplitude were unaffected by imagery. These results demonstrate that the motor imagery is lateralized to the left (dominant) hemisphere, which is engaged by imagery of each hand separately, and bimanual imagery. This finding has implications for the use of motor imagery in rehabilitation.     

大庆市初中生网络成瘾预测因素的优势分析

目的 探讨大庆市初中生网络成瘾预测因素的相对贡献,为网络成瘾的针对性干预提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取大庆市4所初中646名学生为研究对象进行心理测评;通过优势分析的方法探索生活事件等预测因素对网络成瘾的相对贡献.结果 网络成瘾与生活事件、交往焦虑、抑郁和积极应对的相关系数分别为0.39,0.15,0.12,0.09,P值均小于0.05;分层回归表明,人口学变量解决网络成瘾总方差的15%,社会支持、生活事件、应对方式和情绪变量联合解释网络成瘾总方差的23%;控制人口学变量后,预测网络成瘾的最佳指标为生活事件、交往焦虑、消极应对、客观支持这4个变量,该组变量解释网络成瘾总方差的18.5%;优势分析表明,在已预测的方差中,生活事件贡献84.52%,交往焦虑贡献8.21%,消极应对贡献4.72%,客观支持贡献2.54%.结论 生活事件、应对方式、情绪等不同因素对初中生网络成瘾的预测作用不同,应根据网络成瘾的具体原因,采取针对性的干预措施.     

Reciprocal effects between dominance and anger: A systematic review

Dominance and high status are directly associated with perception of angry expressions. However, studies that have sought to empirically assess the causal mechanisms between these construct are still relatively scarce. Moreover, several variables can influence and be influenced by both anger and dominance, increasing the complexity of synthesizing the findings related to the association between these agonistic behaviors. We conducted a systematic review in five electronic databases. A total of 207 potentially relevant publications were identified and screened. Of those, 20 articles were found eligible for detailed review, with 26 empirical studies. All reviewed studies reported an association between dominance and anger. Social status and dominance have a direct effect on the perception of anger. In turn, the perception of anger has a consistent effect on attributions of dominance for those who express this emotion. There are mutual effects between dominance and anger, which, if recurring and positively feedback-regulated, at least in perceptual terms, can lead to the establishment and maintenance of dominance hierarchies in social groups.     

Internal consistencies of the delayed trunk muscle reaction times following a treadmill-induced slip perturbation while holding and not holding a tray

BackgroundReaction time task performance using electromyography (EMG) has been widely studied in the evaluation of motor responses. However, specific testing conditions with tray usage and the reliability of the bilateral trunk muscle reactions have not been proven.Research QuestionsAre there internal consistencies of the reaction times for a particular condition, such as a handheld task, among the examiners? Is there a delayed reaction time on the dominant abdominal muscle in response to a treadmill-induced slip perturbation while holding or not holding a tray?MethodsOne hundred and nineteen right upper and lower limb dominant individuals (71 female and 48 male subjects) were exposed to a treadmill-induced slip perturbation (0.24 m/s velocity for 1.2 cm) for 0.10 s in standing. The EMG electrodes were placed on both sides of the rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES) muscles. The reliability of the test was established by using Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC_{2, k}), and the standard error of measurements.ResultsThe results for holding a tray indicated a high degree of consistency based on Cronbach’s alpha for the left RA (0.79), right RA (0.86), left ES (0.82), and right ES (0.73) muscles. However, there was a significant reaction time difference among trunk muscles (F = 10.58, p = 0.002) while not holding a tray. The post-hoc results indicated that the right RA muscle was delayed more than the bilateral ES muscles, although there was no significant difference with the left RA muscle.SignificanceOverall, the EMG analyses for the reaction times were highly consistent with and without tray usage. The reaction times of the dominant abdominal muscles were delayed while not holding a tray. Given the high reliability, compensatory strategies by trunk dominance might be considered with a tray usage task.     

Common and specific genetic influences on EEG power bands delta,theta, alpha,and beta

It is difficult to study the genetic basis of psychological function/dysfunction due to its etiological complexity. Instead, we studied a biological marker, EEG power, which is associated with various psychological phenotypes and is closer to gene function. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated high heritability of EEG band power, but less is known about how common or specific genes influence each power band. For 519 adolescent twin pairs, spectral powers were calculated for delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands at bilateral occipital and frontal sites. All four bands were entered into a multivariate genetic model, with occipital and frontal sites modelled separately. Variance was decomposed into additive (A) and dominant (D) genetic factors, and common (C) and unique (E) environmental factors. Band heritabilities were higher at occipital (0.75–0.86) than frontal sites (0.46–0.80). Both common and specific genetic factors influenced the bands, with common genetic and specific genetic factors having more influence in the occipital and frontal regions, respectively. Non-additive genetic effects on beta power and a common environment effect on delta, theta, and alpha powers were observed in the frontal region.     

云南省普文镇人房蚊类群落特征研究

目的 调查西双版纳州普文镇人房蚊类，探讨相关群落学特征，为当地蚊媒疾病防制工作提供科学依据。方法 采用CDC诱蚊灯人房通宵捕蚊，对所获数据进行群落学特征分析。结果 共捕获蚊虫3亚科5属8亚属20种7334只，人房优势蚊种为伪杂鳞库蚊和三带喙库蚊，分别占捕蚊总数的40．95％和40．39％；其次为迷糊按蚊、棋斑按蚊、微小按蚊、骚扰阿蚊，构成比依次为1081％、1．60％、1．31％和1．19％，优势度分别为60．43、61．99、39．07、16．32、14．15、11．83。结论 当地人房群落蚊种较丰富，群落组成和结构复杂。     

Seasonal variations in gonadal hormones and social behavior in squirrel monkeys.

The relationship between seasonal behavioral and physiological changes in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was examined. Seasonal changes were observed in all behaviors involved in the copulatory sequence. Social organization was slightly altered during the breeding season due to an increase in the frequency with which monkeys were in proximity to one another. Dominance relations were apparent throughout the year and did not intensify during breeding, contrary to earlier reports. Play behavior was inversely related to breeding activity, reaching unexpectedly high levels during the nonbreeding months and dropping out completely during the breeding months. Both males and females showed dramatic seasonal variations in gonadal activity. The data also indicated that seasonal variations in social behavior were mediated by physiological changes in the recipient rather than the initiator of the interaction.