实验性尘细胞灶与胸片细网状阴影形成的关系

本文从21只实验性矽肺家兔中筛选出5只胸片有细网状阴影者,用病理与 X 线对照观察的方法,探讨了实验性矽肺尘细胞灶与死后胸片细网状阴影形成的关系。证明,分布在肺细叶内直径约1mm 的尘细胞灶,其分布密度为113个/cm~2以上时,可构成胸片细网状阴影。实验排除了弥漫性肺间质纤维化的结论。并对胸片细网状阴影的形成从肺细叶解剖与 X 线投影进行了讨论。     

冠心病患者血脂异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 :探讨冠心病患者血脂异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法 :观察 68例冠心病患者与 66例对照者的血脂、血糖、胰岛素等生化指标 ,以胰岛素释放指数———空腹胰岛素 (FIns) /空腹血糖 (FBG)和胰岛素敏感指数(1 /FBG×FIns)作为胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的指标 ,与空腹血脂进行直线相关分析。结果 :冠心病组与对照组对比 ,血糖水平无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,而血胰岛素、胰岛素释放指数明显较对照组增高 (P <0 .0 5) ,胰岛素敏感指数明显较对照组低 (P <0 .0 5)。冠心病组的甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C)明显较对照组增高 (P <0 .0 5)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)明显较对照组低 (P <0 .0 5)。冠心病组胰岛素释放指数、胰岛素敏感指数分别与TG ,TC和LDL -C呈正相关 ,与HDL -C呈负相关。结论 :冠心病患者存在着高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗 ,而且冠心病患者的胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常密切相关。     

A rat model of monitoring liver allograft rejection

Rat models are often used to study liver allograft rejection. We have established a model for rat liver allograft rejection, monitored by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), in the strain combination PVG-to-BN with a mean survival time of 37 ± 20 days. In this model, we observed acute rejection with an intense peak of lymphoid blasts and lymphocyte-dominated inflammation in the FNAB [9.1 ± 3.0 corrected increment units (CIU)], and an eventual increase in macrophages (up to 4.2 ± 4.4 CIU), together with fibrosis and parenchymal necrosis in the graft. Markers of immune activation, such as an increase in IL-2-receptor (from 1 % ± 2 % to 21 % ± 13 %) and class II (from 20 % ± 9 % to 43 % ± 13 %) expressing lymphoid cells and induction of ICAM-1 in the graft, were consistent with the overall cellular response. The FNAB correlated well with parallel graft histology. In this rat model, the atraumatic monitoring makes a close follow-up possible without having to sacrifice the experimental animals. This saves work, animals, and costs in the study of liver rejection. Received: 2 July 1996 Accepted: 28 October 1996     

缩窄门静脉主干1／2加丝线慢性栓塞术制备犬门静脉高压症模型

目的:探索操作简便且效果满意的门静脉高压症动物模型制备方法.方法:缩窄门静脉主干1/2加丝线慢性栓塞术,通过22条犬进行实验.结果:除1条死亡外.其余21条术后3～4周时门静脉压力升高至2.83±0.66kPa(术前1.33±0.28kPa,P<0.001):胃镜、门静脉造影及病理学检查证实,17条犬有食管胃底曲张静脉形成,形成率80.95%(其中方法完善后制备的14条、形成率100%),12条发生门脉高压性胃病,发生率57.14%.1条观察至术后4月.门静脉高压症表现仍然存在.结论:该法简便易行、建立模型周期短、成功率高且质量可靠并较持久.     

过度训练的病理生理及康复 Ⅰ.大鼠过度训练模型的建立

实验表明,运用大鼠跑台运动,以心电图、体重、饮食量、精神状况、毛发脱落、尿蛋白、血清睾酮、皮质醇等为监测指标建立大鼠过度训练模型的方法是可行的。本文并首次模拟出大鼠运动性心律失常心电图。     

Model parameters of the smooth pursuit eye movement system with electrooculogram

The visual pursuit test is a method that collects and analyzes the characteristics of pursuit eye movements and examines the function of the eye movement system. This paper analyzes the model parameters of the smooth pursuit eye movement system in order to explore a method for improving the analysis. The input-output relationship of the smooth pursuit system can be expressed by a quasilinear model. We compute the model parameters (gain, phase, spectral purity, cross covariance) by digital signal processing. Eye movement is recorded by electrooculogram. Both eyes are tested individually. The visual target moves at frequencies of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 Hz. Ranges are gain, 1.01 to 0.70; phase, -0.1 ° to -66 °; spectral purity, 0.97 to 0.70; and cross covariance, 0.99 to 0.26. We tested 40 normal subjects as well as patients with ataxia (8), vertigo (18), and ophthalmoplegia (9). The oculomotor system of normal subjects functions as a linear system in the performance of this test at 0.2 to 0.8 Hz. The spectral purity dropped to about 0.70 at 1.6 Hz. The variability of all measures increases greatly at 1.6 Hz, which indicates that this target motion exceeds the tracking ability of many normal subjects and that the oculomotor system of normal subjects functions as a nonlinear system in this condition. Statistical tests show no significant differences between sex, age, and the two eyes. The model parameters tentatively proved effective in clinical application.     

一种稳定的急性胰腺炎胰腺外多器官损伤大鼠模型

目的研究一种病理进程平稳的急性胰腺炎胰腺外多器官损伤动物模型.方法应用小剂量中等浓度胆盐、胰管内低压注射的方法,动态观察实验大鼠胰腺、肺、肝脏及肾脏的功能和病理改变.结果这种新的急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠模型具有胰腺外持续、稳定的肝、肾损伤.结论这种急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠模型适合于多器官功能损伤的病理机制及治疗学研究.     

Evaluation of specialized laparoscopic suturing and tying devices.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic suturing and tying constitute advanced minimally invasive surgery skills. Developing proficiency in the standard methods with needle drivers is often an arduous process. Recent advances in laparoscopic instrumentations has allowed for easier methods of suturing and tying. This study investigated the hypothesis that the use of a specialized suturing device and a specialized tying device allows inexperienced medical students to suture and tie laparoscopically. METHODS: Preclinical medical students who had not received any training in open or laparoscopic surgery were included in this investigation. Each student was given a 5-minute demonstration of a specialized suturing device and a specialized tying device. The medical students were not allowed to deploy either device before actual use. After the demonstration, each student was given the device to use in a porcine model. Times were recorded and a subjective grade was given for each student. RESULTS: Twenty medical students were involved in this study. All medical students were able to complete the task of suturing and tying. The average time to suture was 104.6 seconds and the average time to tying was 31.2 seconds. The average subjective performance grade was 90 (out of 100). CONCLUSION: Specialized devices are easy to learn and use for laparoscopic suturing and tying with minimal instruction even for inexperienced medical students. Even surgeons who are not well versed in laparoscopic surgery should be able to suture and tie with certain laparoscopic instruments.     

大鼠肾移植模型技术的改进

目的 为开展器官移植的实验研究，建立了大鼠异体肾移植模型。方法使用Wistar大鼠分别作为供者和受者，采用原位低温灌洗，肾动脉带一小段主动脉，肾静脉带一小段下腔静脉、输尿管末端带一直径约为0．5cm的膀胱瓣的供者手术方式；受者主动脉与供者主动脉、受者下腔静脉与供者下腔静脉进行端侧吻合，在受者膀胱上剪去一膀胱瓣与供者相同大小的圆瓣，然后进行一层膀胱吻合。结果 第一阶段为实验探索阶段，经过半年近150次的实验摸索，克服了移植物灌洗、血管吻合、膀胱吻合等技术难关，终于建立了比较稳定的大鼠同种异体肾移植模型。第二阶段为模型成熟阶段，冷热缺血时间、血管吻合的速度以及手术时间都比第一阶段有所缩短。手术成功率为85％左右，动物死亡的原因主要为血管吻合口出血、灌洗不良、休克、血栓形成以及膀胱漏尿致弥漫性腹膜炎等。结论 此模型容易掌握，可以在条件比较简单的实验室开展，除常规显微外科器械外不需要特殊的器械或设备。     

Acute effects of high-dose thyrotropin releasing hormone infusions in Alzheimer's disease

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was administered intravenously to ten patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in a high-dose paradigm, thought to maximize central nervous system effects and potentially produce facilitation of cholinergic function, a known property of the neuropeptide. Acute effects of TRH on behavioral, cognitive and physiologic measures were assessed after patients received 0.1 mg/kg TRH, 0.3 mg/kg TRH and placebo, the higher TRH dose and placebo being given in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Patients showed statistically significant increases in arousal and improvement in affect, as well as a modest improvement in semantic memory, all after receiving the higher TRH dose. Both TRH doses produced transient rises in systolic blood pressure, with no effect on diastolic blood pressure, heart rate or temperature. This study suggests that high-dose TRH can be safely administered to AD patients and is neurobehaviorally active; further studies are needed to determine the extent and mechanism of the cognitive and psychobiological properties of this peptide in AD and other neuropsychiatric disorders.