猪囊尾蚴石灰小体形成和代谢的超微结构观察

目的：在超微结构水平研究猪囊尾蚴石灰小体的形成和代谢。方法：透射电镜。结果：石灰小体的形成可分成两个阶段：细胞内形成阶段和细胞外代谢阶段。石灰小体是在一种细胞内形成的,我们称为成石灰小体细胞。在形成的早期,石灰小体以分泌颗粒的形式出现在细胞内。随着石灰小体的发育,小体呈珠粒和板层样。此时,成石灰小体细胞胀大且细胞器消失。最后,小体聚集成致密黑色背景的颗粒,而成石灰小体细胞的核和细胞器全部消失。在一个成熟的成石灰小体细胞内有１－３或１０－２０个石灰小体。然后,小体释放到实质组织,随着代谢的消耗逐渐呈同心圆样的板层结构和空泡结构。结论：石灰小体是在一种细胞内形成,在实质组织的代谢过程中被消耗。     

吡喹酮对体外猪囊尾蚴作用的观察

目的 :观察吡喹酮对体外猪囊尾蚴的作用。方法 :应用扫描电镜和透射电镜方法 ,分别对药物作用 2 h、4 h、6h后的猪囊尾蚴为实验样品 ,对其扫描电镜特征及超微结构进行观察。结果 :猪囊尾蚴被药物作用后囊体挛缩变形、头节伸出 ,体表溶蚀、皮层内质网和核糖体溶解、皮下层坏死。结论 :吡喹酮对猪囊尾蚴有强烈的杀伤作用。     

阿苯达唑与吡喹酮联合治疗脑室型脑囊虫病19例临床分析

目的观察阿苯达唑与吡喹酮联合治疗脑囊虫的治疗效果。方法选择脑室型脑囊虫病例19例,采用阿苯达唑与吡喹酮联合用药。结果有效17例,占89.47%;无效2例,占10.53%。结论阿苯达唑与吡喹酮联合治疗脑室型脑囊虫病疗效显著。     

头节小钩数目异常链状带绦虫的鉴定

目的对采自云南大理的3例寄生人体的3条小钩数目异常的疑似链状带绦虫进行虫种鉴定。方法肉眼观察虫体,镜下观察头节和孕节形态。提取3条带绦虫的孕节DNA,PCR扩增链状带绦虫细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位1基因(cox1)片段和全长基因,对其中1条的cox1全长基因的PCR产物测序。孵化虫卵,皮下注射感染9只小鼠,同时每只小鼠皮下注射地塞米松1mg/d×45d,感染60d后剖检,观察囊尾蚴形态。将虫卵喂食2只猕猴(2.5×105/只),47d后剖检,光镜和扫描电镜观察囊尾蚴形态,观察其肝脏的病理改变。结果3条疑似链状带绦虫头节顶突的小钩数目分别为0、4和10,孕节子宫单侧分支数为7～12。3条带绦虫cox1片段的链状带绦虫种特异性引物PCR结果均为阳性,cox1全长基因的测序结果表明,其与GenBank中多株链状带绦虫的cox1基因序列一致性为99.8%。小鼠皮下、猕猴肌肉和心脏均可检获囊尾蚴,经压片镜检可见头节上的4个吸盘和顶突,顶突上均有内外两圈共26～28个小钩。猕猴肝实质内见粟粒样病灶,组织切片显示,病灶周围纤维结缔组织增生,有嗜酸粒细胞浸润,部分囊腔内可见虫体结构。结论3条小钩数目异常的带绦虫为链状带绦虫,其幼虫可感染猕猴,引起肌肉型囊尾蚴病和肝囊尾蚴病。     

猪囊尾蚴Ts3基因的克隆表达及编码蛋白的结构预测

目的寻找猪囊尾蚴病诊断抗原候选分子基因。方法用猪囊尾蚴病患者血清免疫筛选cDNA文库,用生物学软件EXPASY预测分析所获阳性蛋白基因(Ts3)及其编码蛋白的理化性质。对Ts3基因进行克隆,构建原核表达载体pET28a(+)-Ts3,并用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)分析观察其表达情况。结果获得大小为531bp的含完整阅读框(ORF)DNA序列的基因Ts3(GenBank登录号为EU338456),预测分析该蛋白结构和理化性质比较稳定,为非跨膜蛋白和含有较多蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点;将Ts3基因克隆入载体pET28a(+)诱导表达,获得相对分子质量(Mr)约21000蛋白,并能被囊尾蚴病患者血清识别。结论囊尾蚴Ts3重组蛋白具有免疫反应性。     

Concurrent Neurocysticercosis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective  We discuss the case of a 24-year-old male with severe racemose neurocysticercosis. Clinical features  The patient presented from an outside hospital with 4 months duration of intermittent syncope and a dull occipital headache with greatest severity in the morning. He was noted to have left facial numbness and blurred vision confined to his left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) discovered multiple grape-like cystic structures throughout the subarachnoid space and frontal parenchyma consistent with neurocysticercosis. Additional testing revealed radiologic and culture evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Interventions and outcome  The patient was admitted to the neurocritical care unit and begun on IV corticosteroids, albendazole, and 4-drug RIPE therapy. Improvement in headache, facial numbness, and nausea were noted over the course of 1 week. Visual acuity remained impaired; however, no further episodes of syncope or deterioration were noted. Conclusion  Effective management of severe racemose neurocysticercosis requires appropriate diagnostic considerations, monitoring, and therapeutics well suited to a comprehensive neurocritical care unit.     

Oral cysticercosis: a case report

Cysticercosis is a common disease in developing countries. Oral lesions produced by this parasitic infestation are rare [1–7]. Diagnosis is usually made on microscopic examination. Following is a case report of a 19-year-old female patient from central India who reported to our centre with a swelling in the left cheek, which was diagnosed as cysticercosis on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC).     

Intraocular Cysticercosis: Case Series and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Purpose: To analyze the demographics and clinical characteristics in patients with intraocular cysticercosis.

Methods: Retrospective case series and comprehensive literature review.

Results: Intraocular cysticercosis was diagnosed in 21 of 21,079 patients (0.10%) seen by the uveitis service at Aravind Eye Hospital. At presentation, visual acuity was 20/200 or worse in 14 eyes (63.6%). Inflammation was unilateral in all but one patient (95.2%). The cyst was located in the vitreous cavity in 36.4% of eyes and in the subretinal space in 63.6% of eyes. In the literature review, most patients were affected unilaterally (98.5%); visual acuity at presentation was 20/200 or worse in 82.3% of eyes; and the cyst was located in the vitreous cavity in 59.5% of eyes.

Conclusions: Intraocular cysticercosis usually affects young patients unilaterally. The cyst may be in either the vitreous cavity or the subretinal space, and visual acuity at presentation is often poor.     

Cysticercosis: imported and autochthonous infections in Kuwait

Intracerebral and non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cysticercosis caused by the larval pork tapeworm Taenia solium was diagnosed in patients in an Islamic state. The mode of transmission and challenges in diagnosis are highlighted. Sixteen patients with neurocysticercosis and six with non-CNS lesions were diagnosed by imaging studies (computerized tomography [CT]/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and serology (ELISA and/or enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay [EITB]). Four of 55 family members, including servants, tested for antibodies were positive by the EITB and ELISA. Only one of these sera tested for antibodies to adult T. solium was positive: that of the cook, the probable source of the infection. We postulate a similar mode of transmission in the other Kuwaitis. Evaluation of several commercially available ELISA kits showed they were of poor specificity. Even in countries where pork consumption is proscribed by religious laws, physicians should include cysticercosis in their differential diagnosis in patients with neurological symptoms or non-CNS lesions, especially in non-endemic countries with a large expatriate population such as Kuwait. In children particularly, and in this region, suspected tuberculous lesions on CT must be investigated to rule out cysticerci by a more diligent use of the sensitive and specific EITB assay. Failure to understand the local epidemiology leads to empirical, inappropriate and prolonged therapy for chronic disease.