A Case of Subcutaneous Cysticercosis

We report the fourth case of subcutaneous cysticercosis infected in Japan since 1975. The patient noticed a subcutaneous nodule on his left shoulder without symptoms for three years. No remarkable changes were found in laboratory findings and physical examination after surgical excision of the subcutaneous nodule. The adult worm of Taenia solium could not be found in the intestine. Histological findings revealed a cystic structure with a fibrous capsule and a protoscolex with suckers, hooks, and calcareous corpuscula. It was identified as a Cysticercus cellulosae hominis based on morphological characteristics. The patient has been living in the Kanto area of Japan and has never been outside Japan since he was born.     

细粒棘球蚴和猪囊尾蚴的组织特征及其对化学疗法的影响

对细粒棘球蚴及猪囊尾蚴的组织结构进行了观察和比较。结果发现：两者的主要区别是前者具有宽厚的角质层，且含有少量血管的纤维外囊又远离囊腔，而后者则无角质层结构，且含有丰富血管的纤维外囊又紧密毗邻囊腔。上述区别为抗绦虫药对两种后绦期幼虫疗效差异的分析，提供了组织病理学的依据。     

阿苯达唑与甲苯达唑对体外培养的猪囊虫作用的组织化学研究

比较了在含１００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的阿苯达唑或甲苯达唑的培养液中培养７２ｈ后猪囊虫某些组织化学变化。研究结果表明，在２种药物分别作用于猪囊虫后，囊虫组织中的糖原、琥珀酸脱氢酶和三磷酸腺苷酶活性均明显下降；其中阿苯达唑组的糖原反应及２种酶活性均较甲苯达唑组弱。２个用药组酸性磷酸酶活性略减弱，而碱性磷酸酶活性均无明显变化。     

核酸疫苗pcDNA3-γcC1诱导囊尾蚴细胞凋亡的作用

目的：观察核酸疫苗ｐｃＤＮＡ３－γｃＣ１免疫接种后动物宿主体内囊尾蚴的细胞凋亡现象,探讨治疗型核酸疫苗的作用机制。方法：分离、培养囊尾蚴混合细胞,用原位末端标记（ＴＵＮＥＬ）法分别检测免疫接种组、非接种组以及培养诱导对照组细胞凋亡情况。结果：非接种组,且未经凋亡诱导的细胞核无凋亡所特有的阳性着色;经诱导或免疫接种组的细胞核均表现为极强的凋亡所特有的阳性着色。结论：首次观察到到疫苗接种后引起寄生生物细胞凋亡的现象,为阐明治疗型核酸疫苗的作用机制提供了新的依据。     

一例视网膜猪囊尾蚴病患者的护理

正视网膜猪囊尾蚴病是一种寄生虫引起的疾病,是人误食猪肉绦虫虫卵或孕节后,在小肠内发育为猪囊尾蚴,并寄生在人体的眼内引起的人畜共患寄生虫病。眼内猪囊尾蚴多数寄生在玻璃体和视网膜~[1],寄生在视网膜的称之为视网膜囊尾蚴病或视网膜猪囊尾蚴病。云南省大理地区少数民族:白族,因喜食生猪皮而成为该病多发地区。猪囊尾蚴进人眼内后,囊液中的毒素及异种蛋白质经囊壁释放,在眼内引起局部组织肉芽肿性炎症反应,伴纤维增生,早期视网膜     

Acute pancytopenia due to praziquantel treatment for cerebral cysticercosis: A rare case report

Praziquantel (PZQ) has been commonly used to treat diverse parasitic infections for over thirty years. Many studies have confirmed its efficacy for the treatment of cysticercosis and the side effects. We reported a rare case of a 56-year-old Chinese man with cerebral cysticercosis. He had experienced acute pancytopenia two times following PZQ treatment (40 mg/kg per day for five days) and gradually recovered after PZQ withdrawal, which was an adverse effect of PZQ that was not previously reported in the literatures. It is suggested that medical observation and dynamic monitoring of PBC should be maintained throughout the entire PZQ therapy course until two weeks after the drug withdrawal, especially in elderly people and those receiving increasing dosages.     

Prevalence and associated risk factors of Taenia solium taeniasis in a rural pig farming community of north India

There is a lack of information on the disease burden due to Taenia solium taeniasis and its associated risk factors in pig farming communities throughout the world. The present study was conducted in a rural pig farming community of north India to estimate the prevalence of T. solium taeniasis and associated factors. Demographic, clinical and epidemiological data were collected from 1181 subjects in 210 households in 30 villages. Stool specimens from 924 subjects were examined for eggs of Taenia and other parasites. Identification of T. solium was confirmed by morphological features of segments and species-specific DNA detection from segments and stool. The prevalence of T. solium taeniasis was 18.6% (172/924); factors associated with taeniasis on multivariate analysis were age above 15 years, history of passage of Taenia segments in stool, undercooked pork consumption and poor hand hygiene (hand-washing with clay/water after defecation). Seventy-eight subjects (6.6%) with epilepsy were identified. The study showed alarmingly high rates of epilepsy and T. solium taeniasis in the study community; it highlights the need for large-scale imaging-based surveys to identify the factors associated with epilepsy including neurocysticercosis. Health education, mass anthelminthic therapy and other preventive measures are required to control the menace of the disease.     

消囊灵体外杀猪囊尾蚴作用及毒性研究

消囊灵为一中药方剂，其粗提液体外试验证明有效量依赖性杀灭猪囊尾蚴的作用，ＥＤ＿（５０）为１５６±１２ｍｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＝０．９５）。小鼠急性毒性试验表明，ＬＤ＿（５０）为１６．３２±１．４６ｇ／ｋｇ（（Ｐ＝０．９５）ｉｖ；１０２．６５±８．９０ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ＝０．９５）＿（ｐ．ｏ）。进一步研究可望进行临床试验。     

Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis in Asia: epidemiology,impact and issues

Several reports of patients with cysticercosis from many countries in Asia such as India, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Korea, Taiwan and Nepal are a clear indicator of the wide prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniosis in these and other Asian countries. However, epidemiological data from community based studies are sparse and available only for a few countries in Asia. Cysticercosis is the cause of epilepsy in up to 50% of Indian patients presenting with partial seizures. It is also a major cause of epilepsy in Bali (Indonesia), Vietnam and possibly China and Nepal. Seroprevalence studies indicate high rates of exposure to the parasite in several countries (Vietnam, China, Korea and Bali (Indonesia)) with rates ranging from 0.02 to 12.6%. Rates of taeniosis, as determined by stool examination for ova, have also been reported to range between 0.1 and 6% in the community in India, Vietnam, China, and Bali (Indonesia). An astonishingly high rate of taeniosis of 50% was reported from an area in Nepal populated by pig rearing farmers. In addition to poor sanitation, unhealthy pig rearing practices, low hygienic standards, unusual customs such as consumption of raw pork is an additional factor contributing to the spread of the disease in some communities of Asia. Undoubtedly, cysticercosis is a major public health problem in several Asian countries effecting several million people by not only causing neurological morbidity but also imposing economic hardship on impoverished populations. However, there are wide variations in the prevalence rates in different regions and different socio-economic groups in the same country. It is important to press for the recognition of cysticercosis as one of the major public health problems in Asia that needs to be tackled vigorously by the governments and public health authorities of the region.