免疫亲和层析法提取猪囊尾蚴抗原的鉴定及其在血清学诊断中的应用价值

本文采用免疫亲和层析法,提取与自然感染猪囊虫的猪血清IgG反应的猪囊虫抗原。所提取头节抗原、囊壁抗原和囊液抗原的Desc-PAGE区带分别为7、13和10条,其中囊液PAS染色显示3条阳性带(层析前为4条);SDS-PAGE区带分别为12、15和13条。相对分子量为65、53、40和30～29KDa的抗原含量最多,免疫原性最强。提取的抗原应用于免疫电泳,可提高其敏感性。     

507例绦、囊虫病人循环抗体与循环抗原测定结果与脑CT分型对照分析

本文总结５０７例临床确诊的绦、囊虫病人血清和脑脊液免疫学测定结果,分别以ＩＨＡ、ＥＬＩＳＡ测定循环抗体,以夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定循环抗原,其阳性检出率依次为血清６７．５％、６３．８％、６０．６％;脑脊液为５９．４％、４６．１％、６７．５％。其中循环抗体的阳性检出率以血清为高,循环抗原以脑脊液为高。脑ＣＴ呈小囊型、炎症型及混合型表现的脑囊虫病患者抗体与抗原的阳性检出率均高于钙化型脑囊虫病组及单纯绦虫感染和单纯皮肌型囊虫病组;三种方法六项试验配合应用可以显著降低绦、囊虫病患者的漏诊率。     

1例多发性囊尾蚴病的治疗与护理

目的 分析1例多发性囊尾蚴病的相关资料及治疗与护理过程,为今后治疗及护理囊尾蚴病提供科学依据。方法 对患者的饮食既往史、诊疗经过等资料进行收集、整理和分析。结果 患者常驻地为囊尾蚴病高发区,有明确的食用“米猪肉”史,结合患者的临床表现以及辅助检查等,确定该病例罹患多发性囊尾蚴病。首次服用杀虫药（吡喹酮）后出现癫痫持续状态,经医护密切配合,积极救治35 d后,患者病情好转出院。结论 囊尾蚴病患者,特别是多发性病例,杀虫过程中应密切注意病情变化,避免因服用抗囊虫药物导致颅内压增高形成脑疝,甚至出现死亡。     

Racemose Cysticercosis in the Cerebellar Hemisphere

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system in humans, caused by infection of the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. However, cerebellar involvement is rarely reported. We report of a case of racemose cysticercosis in the cerebellar hemisphere. A 44-year-old man presented with headache and dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hydrocephalus and an ill-defined, multicystic cerebellar mass with hypersignal on T2-weighted images, hyposignal on T1-weighted images and rim enhancement after gadolinium injection. The patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy and the cyst resection was done through a craniotomy. In surgical field, cysts were conglomerated in a dense collagen capsule that were severely adherent to surrounding cerebellar tissue, and transparent cysts contained white, milky fluid. Histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis. He received antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel after surgery. Racemose cysticercosis is rare in the cerebellar hemisphere but neurocysticercosis should be taken into consideration as a differential diagnosis of multiple cystic lesions in the cerebellum.     

囊虫病的免疫学特点及诊断技术的研究

囊虫病是目前我国重点防治的人兽共患寄生虫病之一,随着科技的发展,其免疫学研究得以逐步扩展和完善,对囊虫病的防治工作起到了积极的推进作用,本文就囊虫病的抗原特点、免疫逃避机制、免疫学诊断技术及免疫防治等方面的研究热点进行回顾与展望。     

Cysticercosis of the Fourth Ventricle Causing Sudden Death: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 15 years old girl of African origin was admitted with a history of headaches and a generalised tonic seizure. Her clinical examination including fundoscopy was normal. She claimed she had been assaulted. Within a few hours of her admission she was found dead in her bed during the ward round. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was unsuccessful. At post-mortem, the major organs showed no pathological changes and neck dissection showed no abnormality. Neuropathological examination after formalin fixation revealed a cystic lesion in the fourth ventricle, ependymitis and acute hydrocephalus. Histology showed parts of the parasite Taenia solium and the diagnosis was neurocysticercosis. This case highlights the need for forensic and general pathologists as well as forensic medical examiners and paediatricians to be aware of neurocysticercosis as a possible cause of sudden death in the presence of normal clinical findings and negative autopsy, especially in patients from Asian, African or South American countries. As cysticercosis is the commonest cause of seizures in the developing world, neurocysticercosis needs to be considered as a cause of sudden and unexpected death in any patient with a history of headaches and/or seizures. Tibor Hortobágyi and Ali Alhakim are first authors who contributed equally to this work.     

我国带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病防治现状与挑战

WHO关于2021-2030年被忽视的热带病防控路线图将疾病控制目标分成4个层级,分别是控制、作为公共卫生问题被消除、消除和根除.带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病被列为需要控制的疾病.总体上,我国带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病人群感染率呈低水平,流行程度呈明显地区和人群分布差异,但消除带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病面临诸多挑战.在以往防控工作的基础上,还需...     

一种新的猪囊尾蚴蛋白的cDNA分子筛选、序列分析和克隆

目的免疫学筛选猪囊尾蚴cDNA文库,为猪囊尾蚴病临床免疫学诊断提供新的候选抗原分子。方法利用脑囊尾蚴病人血清免疫学筛选猪囊尾蚴cDNA文库,获得阳性克隆,经PCR技术扩增噬菌体载体中插入的cDNA片段,测序后与生物信息网站进行分析,并将一个类似血吸虫核糖体蛋白的基因克隆入PMD-18T载体。结果从cDNA文库中筛选出1个编号为5H的基因,长度是528bp;对其编码的氨基酸序列的分析显示其与日本血吸虫的L18a核糖体蛋白具有高度同源性。结论克隆了猪囊尾蚴的未知核糖体蛋白基因。     

青海省东部猪带绦/囊虫病流行病学调查

[目的]了解和掌握青海省东部人体猪带绦虫病和囊虫病的流行现状及其影响因素。[方法]①问卷调查居民排节片史、食米猪肉史；②应用改良加藤氏厚涂片法镜检人体肠道带绦虫卵；③ELISA法查血清抗体；④CT/MRI检查结果。[结果]粪便检查7714人，查出猪带绦虫感染者11例，感染率为0.14%；检测血清3370人份，囊虫病阳性233例，阳性率为6.91%。[结论]青海省猪带绦/囊虫病的感染以经济欠发达的浅山地区感染较高；儿童和青壮年为高危人群。由于该病危害严重，应积极普及健康教育，大力加强该病的预防控制工作。     

脑囊虫病的CT诊断

本文分析了10例脑囊虫病的头颅CT扫描结果,其病灶特点为:(1)病灶为点状外周小囊,呈点环状并强化,(2)急性炎症反应期病灶点状无小囊,脑水肿,(3)经有效治疗后活动期病灶明显减少,(4)后期病灶纤维化,钙化,脑室扩大。CT表现典型,可反映病理过程并分期型。对观察病灶的大小,形态分布及对治疗的转归均有十分重要的作用。