215倒人体猪囊虫病的临床与病理分析

本文报告215例人体猪囊虫病的临床与病理分析。男性149例(69.3％),女性66例(31.7％)。病理与临床诊断相符者仅95例(44.2％)。组织学上有三种改变。并对其中96例作免疫化学研究。认为本病与免疫反应有关。而不是虫体刺激引起的炎症反应。     

山东省囊虫病的危害及对经济影响的调查评价

目的：为探讨囊虫病的危害性及对社会经济的影响。方法：随机调查了150例囊虫病住院患者，对其造成的机体损害作了评价并对患者的直接和间接经济损失进行了量化研究，并评价全省因囊虫病猪所造成的经济损失。结果：住院患者中，脑囊虫病占97．33％，造成严重损害，如癫痫发作、高颅压等，给病人及家属精神和心理上造成伤害。患者年人均经济损失为6805元，最高者达37597元。人均直接损失5770元（84．8％）；间接损失1035元（15．2％）。直接经济损失占家庭年均纯收入的82．2％，最多为32912元，占家庭年纯收入的比例最高者达601％。误诊、误治率为34％，最高费用20000元。全省囊虫病患者年经济损失为23817．5万元，其中直接经济损失为20195万元，间接经济损失3622．5万元。全省猪囊虫病平均感染率为0．74％，平均每年检出囊虫病猪174420头，年直接经济损失为11564万元。全省因囊虫病而造成的总的经济损失为35381．5万元。结论：囊虫病不但对人体造成严重的危害，而且引起巨大的经济损失。     

脑囊虫病的MRI诊断

目的：评价脑囊虫病磁共振表现。材料和方法：对9例脑囊虫病MRI回顾性分析。结果：9例中7例可见明显的囊虫结节，1例合并右大脑中动脉闭塞，1例合并蛛网膜下腔囊虫。另2例中，1例表现为白质脱髓鞘改变，1例表现为两顶叶肉芽肿样改变。结论：脑囊虫病分四型、四期。四型包括脑实质型、脑室型、软脑膜型及混合型。四期包括存活期、退变期、坏死期及钙化期。脑实质型MRI较具特征性，可见典型的囊虫结节，即圆形或类圆形、大小约1～10毫米的囊性病灶，其内有偏心或附壁的囊虫头节。存活期囊虫结节MRI表现为囊液T1WI信号与CSF相同，大部分可见偏心或附壁的头节，无囊壁可见，无明显水肿。退变、坏死二期MRI难于区分，此时表现为囊液T1WI信号略高于CSF并随病程延长而信号逐渐增高，囊壁逐渐增厚，一般无头节可见，增强可表现为环状及结节状强化，周围水肿明显。钙化期CT比MR优越。     

猪囊尾蚴抗原的异质性分析

目的：分析猪囊尾蚴抗原的异质性。方法：采用间接型ELISA法，以正常猪血清（NPS）为抗原，对用猪囊尾蚴抗原（CFA）免疫的BALB／C小鼠杂交瘤细胞的培养上清液进行检测。同时设猪囊尾蚴抗原组。结果：NPS阳性21孔，阳性率24．71％（21／85）。CFA阳性24孔。结论：猪囊尾蚴抗原含有宿主的蛋白质成分。     

猪囊尾蚴三种同工酶的电泳分析

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对猪囊尾蚴囊液及头节囊壁组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶、酯酶同工酶及苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶进行了分离测定,结果显示了囊尾蚴与宿主骨骼肌组织、囊液与囊体组织之间三种同工酶谱的界同,据此对囊尾蚴的代谢活动作了初步讨论。     

膝关节包囊虫病1例

患者男,46岁,兽医,因右膝关节酸痛来医院就诊.查体:右膝关节饱满,未见明显红肿.生化检查:Casoni试验及包囊虫补体结合试验均阳性.X线检查:双膝关节未见明显异常.彩超检查:于右膝关节髌上囊内探及数十个大小不等的圆形和椭圆形囊性无回声,最大的囊腔大小约15 mm×13 mm,最小的约2 mm×2 mm,囊内可见小囊,并可探及分隔;囊内透声清亮,囊壁薄,厚薄均匀、光滑、完整,连续性好,髌上囊后方的股骨下端骨膜完整,回声均匀(图1、2).肝脏内未探及明显异常回声.     

囊虫病的免疫学检测方法评价

囊虫的免疫学检测是诊断囊虫病的重要依据，我们介绍了几种较常用的囊虫免疫检验，并对比分析了一组１６５９患者脑脊液和血清的几种检验的阳性率，其中以ＰＨＡ和ＥＬＩＳＡ最敏感。ＰＨＡ的血清阳性率为９７％，脑脊液阳性率为９１％；ＥＬＩＳＡ的血清阳性率为９５％，脑脊液的阳性率为９２％。目前公认经典ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法比较简便、实用，且敏感性强，特异性高，值得推广应用。从免疫检验数值可间接了解囊虫的数量、生活状态、对药物的反应等情况，有利于患者的治疗。     

Efficacy of ivermectin and oxfendazole against Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs

Smallholder semi-confined pig production is a fast growing practice in sub-Saharan Africa with an unfortunate outcome of high prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses. The widely used anthelmintic for control of endo and ecto-parasites in pigs in the area is ivermectin at a recommended dose of 0.3 mg/kg. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety in pigs after subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (IVM, 0.3 mg/kg) and orally administration of oxfendazole (OFZ, 30 mg/kg) in treatment of porcine cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs. A total of 61 pigs with T. solium cysticercosis (38 males and 23 females) as identified by tongue palpation with age ranging from 3 to 24 months were recruited. The pigs were stratified based on sex, age and number of cysts on the tongue and randomly allocated to IVM, OFZ and control groups. Three days before treatment and two weeks after treatment faecal samples and skin scrapings were taken to establish the burden of endo- and ectoparasites, respectively and the effect of the treatment. No adverse effect was observed in any of the treatment groups throughout the study period. Half of the pigs from each group were slaughtered at week four and the remaining half at week twelve post treatment. The IVM treatment group had no significant effect (p = 0.224) on T. solium cysts viability in comparison to the control group. Significant effect on cysts viability was observed in the OFZ treated group (p < 0.001) compared to IVM and control groups in all muscle tissues. Regarding to brain cysts, neither of the drugs was efficacious. Ivermectin and OFZ treatments significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the faecal egg count of Ascaris suum, strongyles and Trichuris suis two weeks after treatment. At slaughter, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Ascarops strongylina and Physocephalus sexalatus were recovered from pigs in the IVM treated and in the control groups. Ivermectin was 100% effective in control of Sarcoptes scabiei. In conclusion, IVM at a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg was efficacious against ectoparasites but did not effectively cure pigs from T. solium cysticercosis or nematodes. Oxfendazole, on the other hand, killed all nematodes and muscle cysts, but did not have any effect on ectoparasites. A combination of the two drugs would be a most useful treatment option for control of pig parasitoses in sub-Saharan Africa.     

Solitary intramuscular cysticercosis-A report of two cases

Abstract

Cysticercosis, infestation with the encysted larval stage of Taenia solium, is a major health problem in most countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. It involves mainly the central nervous system. Muscle involvement is also seen, although it usually remains asymptomatic. Solitary intramuscular cysticercosis, without involvement of central nervous system is a rare entity. We present two cases of solitary intramuscular cysticercosis, without any systemic or neurologic manifestations.     

猪囊尾蚴GP50编码基因的克隆和序列分析

目的:从猪囊尾蚴cDNA中扩增出GP50编码基因,亚克隆至真核表达载体,利用所得的重组蛋白建立一种灵敏检测猪囊尾蚴感染的实验方法。方法:设计并合成引物,从猪囊尾蚴cDNA文库中PCR扩增GP50编码基因,通过与线性克隆载体pGEM-T连接,经酶切和PCR鉴定及DNA测序证实后,软件分析所获的目的基因。结果:PCR法扩增出897 bp左右的DNA片断,将重组质粒pGEM-T-GP50作BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,得到与PCR扩增产物一致的插入片断,表明GP50编码基因具有一个长度为897 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码298个氨基酸,相对分子量33 000,与GenBank收录(编号为AY212945)的猪囊尾蚴GP50编码基因具有高度的同源性(99%)。结论:猪囊尾蚴GP50编码基因的克隆获得成功。