囊虫病的免疫学检测方法评价

囊虫的免疫学检测是诊断囊虫病的重要依据，我们介绍了几种较常用的囊虫免疫检验，并对比分析了一组１６５９患者脑脊液和血清的几种检验的阳性率，其中以ＰＨＡ和ＥＬＩＳＡ最敏感。ＰＨＡ的血清阳性率为９７％，脑脊液阳性率为９１％；ＥＬＩＳＡ的血清阳性率为９５％，脑脊液的阳性率为９２％。目前公认经典ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法比较简便、实用，且敏感性强，特异性高，值得推广应用。从免疫检验数值可间接了解囊虫的数量、生活状态、对药物的反应等情况，有利于患者的治疗。     

Efficacy of ivermectin and oxfendazole against Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs

Smallholder semi-confined pig production is a fast growing practice in sub-Saharan Africa with an unfortunate outcome of high prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses. The widely used anthelmintic for control of endo and ecto-parasites in pigs in the area is ivermectin at a recommended dose of 0.3 mg/kg. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety in pigs after subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (IVM, 0.3 mg/kg) and orally administration of oxfendazole (OFZ, 30 mg/kg) in treatment of porcine cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs. A total of 61 pigs with T. solium cysticercosis (38 males and 23 females) as identified by tongue palpation with age ranging from 3 to 24 months were recruited. The pigs were stratified based on sex, age and number of cysts on the tongue and randomly allocated to IVM, OFZ and control groups. Three days before treatment and two weeks after treatment faecal samples and skin scrapings were taken to establish the burden of endo- and ectoparasites, respectively and the effect of the treatment. No adverse effect was observed in any of the treatment groups throughout the study period. Half of the pigs from each group were slaughtered at week four and the remaining half at week twelve post treatment. The IVM treatment group had no significant effect (p = 0.224) on T. solium cysts viability in comparison to the control group. Significant effect on cysts viability was observed in the OFZ treated group (p < 0.001) compared to IVM and control groups in all muscle tissues. Regarding to brain cysts, neither of the drugs was efficacious. Ivermectin and OFZ treatments significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the faecal egg count of Ascaris suum, strongyles and Trichuris suis two weeks after treatment. At slaughter, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Ascarops strongylina and Physocephalus sexalatus were recovered from pigs in the IVM treated and in the control groups. Ivermectin was 100% effective in control of Sarcoptes scabiei. In conclusion, IVM at a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg was efficacious against ectoparasites but did not effectively cure pigs from T. solium cysticercosis or nematodes. Oxfendazole, on the other hand, killed all nematodes and muscle cysts, but did not have any effect on ectoparasites. A combination of the two drugs would be a most useful treatment option for control of pig parasitoses in sub-Saharan Africa.     

Solitary intramuscular cysticercosis-A report of two cases

Abstract

Cysticercosis, infestation with the encysted larval stage of Taenia solium, is a major health problem in most countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. It involves mainly the central nervous system. Muscle involvement is also seen, although it usually remains asymptomatic. Solitary intramuscular cysticercosis, without involvement of central nervous system is a rare entity. We present two cases of solitary intramuscular cysticercosis, without any systemic or neurologic manifestations.     

不同抗囊尾蚴抗体检测试剂盒用于囊尾蚴病血清学诊断效果评价

目的　评价不同厂家生产的4种抗囊尾蚴IgG、IgG4和IgM抗体酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测试剂盒的诊断效果,为囊尾蚴病流行病学调查和临床检测提供参考。方法　采用A品牌3种抗囊尾蚴抗体（IgG、IgG4和IgM抗体）ELISA检测试剂盒以及B品牌抗囊尾蚴IgG抗体ELISA检测试剂盒,同时检测40份脑囊尾蚴病患者、100份健康人、30份斯氏并殖吸虫病患者、17份细粒棘球蚴病患者和19份皮下或脑裂头蚴病患者血清,比较不同试剂盒检测囊尾蚴病的敏感度、特异度和假阳性率。结果　A品牌抗囊尾蚴IgG、IgG4和IgM抗体ELISA试剂盒以及B品牌抗囊尾蚴IgG抗体ELISA试剂盒检测囊尾蚴病的敏感度分别为95.00%（38/40）、87.50%（35/40）、7.50%（3/40）和75.00%（30/40）,特异度分别为98.00%（98/100）、100.00%（100/100）、100.00%（100/100）和100.00%（100/100）;A品牌抗囊尾蚴IgG抗体ELISA试剂盒检测囊尾蚴病的敏感度高于B品牌（[χ2] = 6.28,P < 0.05）,两者特异度差异无统计学意义（[χ2] = 2.01,P > 0.05）。4种试剂盒检测并殖吸虫病、细粒棘球蚴病、裂头蚴病患者血清总假阳性率分别为37.88%（25/66）、22.73%（15/66）、62.12%（41/66）和15.15%（10/66）（[χ2] = 37.61,P < 0.05）;其中A品牌抗囊尾蚴IgM抗体ELISA试剂盒检测总假阳性率最高（[χ2] = 7.56,P' < 0.008）,A品牌抗囊尾蚴IgG抗体ELISA试剂盒检测总假阳性率高于B品牌（[χ2] = 8.75,P' < 0.008）。4种试剂盒检测并殖吸虫病患者血清假阳性率分别为40.00%（12/30）、16.67%（5/30）、76.67%（23/30）和13.33%（4/30）（[χ2] = 32.88,P < 0.05）,检测裂头蚴病患者血清假阳性率分别为21.05%（4/19）、26.32%（5/19）、73.68%（14/19）和15.79%（3/19）（[χ2] = 19.97,P < 0.05）,均以A品牌抗囊尾蚴IgM抗体ELISA试剂盒检测假阳性率最高（P' 均 < 0.008）。4种试剂盒检测细粒棘球蚴病患者血清假阳性率分别为52.94% （9/17）、29.41%（5/17）、23.53%（4/17）和17.65%（3/17）,差异无统计学意义（[χ2] = 8.24,P > 0.05）。A品牌抗囊尾蚴IgM抗体ELISA试剂盒检测并殖吸虫病、棘球蚴病和裂头蚴病患者血清假阳性率分别为76.67%（23/30）、23.53%（4/17）和73.68%（14/19）（[χ2] = 14.537,P < 0.05）,其中检测棘球蚴病患者血清假阳性率最低（[χ2] = 14.537,P' < 0.014）;其他3种试剂盒检测并殖吸虫病、棘球蚴病和裂头蚴病患者血清假阳性率差异均无统计学意义（P 均> 0.05）。 结论　不同囊尾蚴病免疫学诊断试剂各有优劣;A品牌抗囊尾蚴IgG抗体ELISA试剂盒敏感度较高,但需进一步解决与其他寄生虫病的交叉反应和稳定性问题。     

猪囊尾蚴抗原cC1在大肠杆菌中的克隆及高效表达

[目的 ]在大肠杆菌中克隆及高效表达猪囊尾蚴抗原cC1。 [方法 ]将cC1cDNA片段以BamHI和PstI克隆到pGEM 3Z载体 ,改换限制性内切酶位点成BamHI和PstI,加上人工接头PstI BamHI XhoI后 ,克隆到pGEX 5T ,构建重组原核表达载体pGE X5T cC1。 [结果 ]培养 3h、IPTG诱导 6h ,cC1表达量最高 ,表达量占细菌总量的 5 7% ,Westernblotting结果表明猪囊尾蚴抗原cC1蛋白与囊尾蚴病猪血清有特异性的结合条带。 [结论 ]猪囊尾蚴抗原cC1在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达。     

Extracting a large live freely floating cysticercosis cyst from the anterior chamber of the eye using visco expression technique: A case report

Ocular involvement by cysticercosis is uncommon and rare in the anterior chamber. It can give rise to iridocyclitis which can be potentially blinding to the patient. The management is usually surgical. We report a case of 18-year-old girl with large cysticercosis cyst in the anterior chamber. The cyst was removed intact by viscoexpression technique from the anterior chamber of the eye and the patient achieved visual acuity of 6/9 post-operatively.     

脑囊虫病磁共振成像的表现(附34例分析)

本文报告34例脑囊虫的MR表现。其中脑实质型31例,脑室型2例,混合型1例。典型的MR表现是呈囊状病灶,囊内包含有一附壁小结节,以T_1加权图观察最为清楚。囊肿呈低信号强度,而囊内结节呈中等信号影。其它表现包括单纯性囊肿,囊内无结节;“小脓肿”;或单纯性水肿及钙化等。文内讨论了MR征象与囊虫不同阶段的关系,以及MR检查的价值。MR对小病变的检查明显优于CT。     

Surgical considerations in neurocysticercosis

The particular contribution of surgical treatment in neurocysticercosis is described.     

淮南矿区猪囊虫病流行危险因素的研究

目的 :调查淮南矿区猪囊虫病流行的危险因素。方法 :现场调查居民生活环境 ,并对其生活、饮食、炊事习惯问卷调查 ;采用 EL ISA法作猪囊虫病人群血清流行病学调查 ,对阳性者连续进行三天粪检 ,镜检虫卵 ;对矿区居民饲养的家猪肉进行常规肉类检查以确定有无囊尾蚴感染。结果 :普查人群 14 2 7例 ,阳性率 0 .95 % (14 /14 2 7) ,14例阳性者连续三天粪检 ,虫卵检出率 85 .71% (12 / 14 ) ;70头家猪囊尾蚴检出率为 15 .71% (11/ 70 ) ;问卷调查获知矿区居民有炊事菜刀、砧板生熟不分等习惯。结论 :淮南矿区存在多种猪囊虫病流行的危险因素 ,各危险因素构成本病在淮南矿区传播和流行     

Sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and Taenia solium taeniasis in California, USA

OBJECTIVES: Taenia solium Cysticercosis is a leading cause of epilepsy and neurological disability in the developing world. It is caused by ingestion of the eggs of the tapeworm, T. solium Taeniasis. The prevalence of either T. solium Cysticercosis or T. solium Taeniasis in the United States in populations at risk is poorly understood. The primary objectives of this study are to perform the first study of the sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in an at-risk community in the USA, specifically rural Southern California; identify T. solium Taeniasis positive individuals, and treat positive individuals for the tapeworm T. solium Taeniasis. METHODS: Community based sero-prevalence study of antibodies to T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in 449 subjects living in a federally funded, predominantly Hispanic residential community; and in two migrant farm worker camps in rural Ventura County, California, USA. For this study, fingerstick blood samples were obtained. Serum immunoblots for both T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis were performed. RESULTS: The sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis was 1.8% and the sero-prevalence of T. solium Taeniasis by serum immunoblot was 1.1%. Taenia solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis antibodies were not detected in children. The sero-prevalence of T. solium Taeniasis was highest in the migrant farm worker community. Handwashing frequency was correlated with T. solium Taeniasis sero-positivity. CONCLUSION: The sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in this population, as detected by serum immunoblot, approximates the prevalence in some endemic areas of Latin America. Importantly, most patients likely had prior exposure, not active infection. This study establishes for the first time, the relative sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in at-risk populations in the United States.