间接血凝试验血滴纸片法诊断囊虫病的实验研究

本文对１２３例囊虫病人，３０例正常人，１９３例精神病患者和４５０例其他病人进行了间接血凝试验血滴纸片法检查，１２３例囊虫病人阳性率为９６．７％；３０例正常人的阳性率为３．３％。这表明接血凝试验血滴纸片法的敏感性和特异性很高。     

ELISA检测襄虫病人血清循环抗原及其在疗效考核方面的应用

用快速双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ检测囊虫病人血清中的循环抗原，其阳性率为６７．５％；正常人血有的假阳性率为５．３３％；包虫、肝吸虫和弓形虫病人血清的交叉反应率分别为６．９％、７．５％和１２．５％。结果表明．该法与常规双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ相比具有较为敏感、快速、稳定和节省血清、试剂用量的优点，但其特异性有待进一步提高。用快速双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ和间接型ＥＬＩＳＡ检测第１至１０疗程囊虫病人血清中的循环抗原和抗体，表明检测循环抗原考核囊虫病人的治疗效果优于检测抗体     

Subretinal Cysticercosis mimicking panuvietis

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation caused by Cysticercus cellulosae larva of tapeworm.We report a case of subretinal cysticercosis presenting with red eye and sudden painful loss of vision masquerading panuvietis in the initial presentation.The course of oral prednisolone in tapering doses was given which led to the resolution of vitritis and disc edema and making a large subretinal cyst with moving scolex of cysticercosis obviously visible superotemporal to the macula.Our diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography.Although subretinal space is the preffered site of ocular cysticercosis we report this case due to the rarity of its presentation.     

Regional status,epidemiology and impact of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Western and Central Africa

In West Africa, Taenia solium cysticercosis in both pigs and man has been reported in Benin, Burkina-Faso, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal and Togo, and although official data are lacking, T. solium is anticipated to be present in most of the pig-raising regions of other West African countries as well. In some regions of Nigeria, the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and human taeniosis is quite high (20.5 and 8.6%, respectively). Surprisingly, however, no cases of human cysticercosis have been reported, although epilepsy is very common. Large epidemiological surveys have only been carried out in Togo and Benin, where the prevalence of human cysticercosis was 2.4 and 1.3%, respectively. In Central Africa, porcine and human cysticercosis are (hyper)-endemic in Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon. The parasite also has been reported in pigs in Chad and Angola. Cysticercosis has been shown to be one of the major causes of epilepsy in Cameroon with figures as high as 44.6%. Cameroon is one of the few countries where the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex has been examined more in detail. In the Western province of Cameroon large scale surveys have shown that active cysticercosis is present in 0.4-3% of the local population and in 11% of the village pigs. However, the prevalence of adult T. solium was only 0.1%, which underscores the frequency of the T. solium paradox. Based on the available information, a very conservative economic estimate indicates that the annual losses due to porcine cysticercosis in 10 West and Central African countries amount to about 25 million Euro. The financial losses due to human cysticercosis are very difficult to estimate, but are certainly exceeded by the social impact of the disease, especially because of the particular perception of epilepsy in many African communities. It is concluded that the true prevalence of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs and humans in Central and West Africa remains underestimated because of unreliable slaughterhouse data and the lack of awareness and diagnostic facilities in the public health sector.     

Control of Taenia solium

Control or eradication of Taenia solium cysticercosis has been achieved to date only in Europe and North America. Significant improvements in sanitary conditions and developing functional slaughterhouse control systems were primarily responsible for control in these regions. Conversely, in endemic areas of developing countries control is limited by economic and sanitary conditions: the life cycle of T. solium is sustained because pigs have access to infected faeces, and cysticercosis-infested pork is available for consumption. Interventional trials with massive human cestocidal chemotherapy, treatment of both human and porcine populations with antihelminthic drugs and/or immunotherapy and health education have shown improvements in specific settings but not yet proven to be sustainable in the long-term. In order to ensure sustainability, any given control strategy towards elimination/eradication of porcine cysticercosis should incorporate economic incentives.     

安徽省猪带绦/囊虫病现状调查与疫情分析

目的摸清我省猪带绦(囊)虫病的流行和分布情况,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法按全国方案进行分层整群随机抽样,在全省共抽8个县(市)16个调查点(村)。对抽样村人群进行问卷调查、病原学检查、血清学检查;在抽样市、县医院进行囊虫病人的回顾调查。结果抽样村问卷调查16389人,食“米猪肉”史30人,其中13人有排节片史;粪便检查共4196人,猪带绦虫感染率为0%;血清学检查2500人,均为阴性。对综合及专科医院1991～2001年住院病人作囊虫病回顾性调查,共发现猪囊虫病住院病例1368例,比1980～1990年这些医院收治的病人数增长了1.46倍。结论尽管抽样点粪检和血清学调查没有发现猪带绦/囊虫人体感染,但囊虫病住院病人回顾性调查表明,我省的囊虫病疫情呈上升趋势。一定要加大对该病的防治力度。     

猪囊尾蚴病免疫和诊断抗原的分子生物学研究进展

猪囊尾蚴病是一种危害严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。猪囊尾蚴特异性和保护性抗原的研究是猪带绦虫病、猪囊尾蚴病免疫和诊断的基础。天然抗原来源有限,限制了其应用,而重组抗原的应用可解决质量控制和抗原来源的问题。该文就近年来猪囊尾蚴病免疫和诊断抗原的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述。     

广西中枢神经系统疾病患者囊虫感染调查及流行病学分析

目的了解广西壮族自治区中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病患者中脑囊虫感染状况,分析其流行特征。方法用ELISA法检测2000-2008年来自治区疾控中心就诊的CNS疾病患者的囊虫特异性抗体,并对抗体阳性患者进行囊虫病流行病学分析。结果2736例CNS疾病患者血清和／或脑脊液中囊虫特异性抗体阳性者403人,阳性率为14．73％。阳性者分布于全自治区55个县（市、区）,大多集中在广西南部的南宁市及周边的贵港、武呜、宾阳、横县等市县,在阳性者的构成比中,农村高于城市,男性多于女性,成人多于青少年,农民多于其他职业者;2000年以后检出的囊虫抗体阳性率整体呈逐渐下降的趋势．但流行的区域却逐渐扩大,尤其在交通、经济落后,环境卫生较差的边远山区。结论脑囊虫感染是引起广西人群CNS疾病的一个重要原因之一,在重点地区特定人群中开展囊虫病防治,是减少CNS疾病发生的重要手段。因此．今后在全自治区,尤其在边远山区仍需加强囊虫病防治工作。     

山东省带绦虫病与囊虫病重点疫区流行现状调查研究

目的 了解山东省带绦虫病与囊虫病在重点疫区的流行情况。方法 １９９９年对聊城等４市地的５县（区）１５个乡（镇）４３个行政村的３１１２４人进行了调查,结果 人群带绦惠恨,囊虫感染率５．１／万,有较明显的职业分布特征。人群血清猪囊尾蚴特异性Ｉｇｇ,抗体阳性率１．３８％,商品猪血清囊尾蚴抗体阳性率０．３８％。结论 初步搞清了山东省重点疫区带绦虫病与囊虫病的流行现状,并对该病的各流行环节做了分析,为该病的     

广西中枢神经系统疾病患者囊虫感染调查及流行病学分析

目的了解广西壮族自治区中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病患者中脑囊虫感染状况,分析其流行特征。方法用ELISA法检测2000-2008年来自治区疾控中心就诊的CNS疾病患者的囊虫特异性抗体,并对抗体阳性患者进行囊虫病流行病学分析。结果2736例CNS疾病患者血清和／或脑脊液中囊虫特异性抗体阳性者403人,阳性率为14．73％。阳性者分布于全自治区55个县（市、区）,大多集中在广西南部的南宁市及周边的贵港、武呜、宾阳、横县等市县,在阳性者的构成比中,农村高于城市,男性多于女性,成人多于青少年,农民多于其他职业者;2000年以后检出的囊虫抗体阳性率整体呈逐渐下降的趋势．但流行的区域却逐渐扩大,尤其在交通、经济落后,环境卫生较差的边远山区。结论脑囊虫感染是引起广西人群CNS疾病的一个重要原因之一,在重点地区特定人群中开展囊虫病防治,是减少CNS疾病发生的重要手段。因此．今后在全自治区,尤其在边远山区仍需加强囊虫病防治工作。