温度对三带喙库蚊幼虫生长发育的影响

实验室对三带喙库蚊幼虫在不同恒温下生长发育观察的结果表明,幼虫的发育速率和温度呈非线性关系,高温可抑制幼虫的发育。各龄幼虫历期在总发育历期所占百分率在不同恒温下基本保持稳定。由于在孳生场所进行幼虫取样时,各龄幼虫的捕获机率分别与它们历期占总发育历期的百分比成正比,据此计算出的1～4龄幼虫和蛹的捕获率分别为1.25,1.17,1.50,3.42和1.0,可用以校正幼虫自然种群的取样资料。     

Evaluation of aqueous and ethanol extract of bioactive medicinal plant,Cassia didymobotrya (Fresenius) Irwin & Barneby against immature stages of filarial vector,Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Objective

To evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of Cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus.

Methods

The mortality rate of immature mosquitoes was tested in wide and narrow range concentration of the plant extract based on WHO standard protocol. The wide range concentration tested in the present study was 10 000, 1 000, 100, 10 and 1 mg/L and narrow range concentration was 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L.

Results

2nd instar larvae exposed to 100 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract showed 100% mortality. Remaining stages such as 3rd, 4th and pupa, 100% mortality was observed at 1 000 mg/L and above concentration after 24 h exposure period. In aqueous extract all the stages 100% mortality was recorded at 1 000 mg/L and above concentration. In narrow range concentration 2nd instar larvae 100% mortality was observed at 150 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract. The remaining stages 100% mortality was recorded at 250 mg/L. In aqueous extract all the tested immature stages 100% mortality was observed at 250 mg/L concentration after 24 h exposure period. The results clearly indicate that the rate of mortality was based dose of the plant extract and stage of the mosquitoes.

Conclusions

From this study it is confirmed and concluded that Cassia didymobotrya is having active principle which is responsible for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus. The isolation of bioactive molecules and development of simple formulation technique is important for large scale implementation.     

松花粉对缺锌幼鼠营养作用的实验研究

目的　观察松花粉对缺锌幼鼠的营养作用。方法　选用雄性 SD大鼠 70只 ,体重( 4 2± 4) g,随机分为 7组。 1组为对照组 ,饲料含锌 32 .2 mg/kg;2组为锌严重缺乏组、饲料含锌 3.4mg/kg均自由进食。 3组饲料含锌 84.9mg/kg;4与 6组饲料中分别添加 2 %与 5%的松花粉 ,5组和 7组是 4组与 6组的对照组 ,采用与松花粉能量和蛋白质含量相同的交换饲料配制 ;5组饲料含锌与 4组相等 ( 4 .4mg/kg)、7组与 6组相等 ( 5.5mg/kg)。3～ 7组均同 2组对喂。结果　摄入基础饲料组和含等量锌的松花粉的饲料组间生长情况和生化、血液学指标均未见差异 ,其营养作用是等同的 ,松花粉添加组大鼠体重增加量均稍低于其对照组。在饲料能量、锌和蛋白质含量及其它营养素都一致的情况下 ,尽管松花粉添加量已达饲料的 2 %与 5% ,但对幼鼠仍未显示刺激生长作用。结论　松花粉具有较好的安全性 ,可用于儿童作补锌食物     

25%灭幼脲胶悬剂对家蝇和致乏库蚊幼虫灭效观察

本文报道了25％灭幼脲胶悬剂对家蝇和致乏库蚊幼虫的灭效。当灭幼脲浓度在20ppm时,对家蝇Ⅱ龄幼虫的死亡率为54％,阻碍羽化率为100％,对家蝇卵孵出的幼虫5天死亡率为100％。对致乏库蚊Ⅱ龄幼虫,当浓度0.6ppm时,阻碍羽化率为100％。     

An initial linkage map of the West Nile Virus vector Culex tarsalis

We have constructed the first genetic linkage map for the North American arboviral vector Culex tarsalis . 120 F₂ offspring from a cross between two colonies were genotyped using 25 microsatellites and six inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. We resolved four linkage groups which likely correspond to two full-length chromosomes and two arms of the final chromosome. The longest linkage group contains the sex locus and corresponds to chromosome 3. Recombination rates around the sex locus were dramatically higher in females compared to males. The majority of microsatellite loci share sequence identity with regions of the Culex quinquefasciatus genome, whose assembly should aid in anchoring linkage groups to physical chromosomes. This map will aid in identification of loci involved with variable phenotypes in C. tarsalis including WNV susceptibility.     

Spleen versus CNS immunoglobulin G in multiple sclerosis: an isoelectric focusing study

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) band patterns were investigated in a peripheral immune compartment, the spleen, and the central nervous system (CNS) compartment in 6 multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects and 3 controls in a search for systemic humoral immune response that may be related to the localized immune response seen in MS. Using the isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique with immunoperoxidase staining of proteins transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, we were not able to demonstrate any qualitative abnormalities of spleen or serum IgG in the MS cases, whilst all matched CNS tissues and CSF specimens were clearly positive for oligoclonal IgG bands. Our results suggest that there is no systemic oligoclonal IgG secretion in MS. This further supports the presence of a compartmentalized IgG intrathecal immune response in MS and emphasizes the organ specificity of MS.     

大蒜粗提液对蚊蝇幼虫的杀灭效果研究

目的观察大蒜粗提液对蚊蝇幼虫的杀灭效果,为寻找新的植物源杀虫剂提供思路。方法大蒜鳞茎磨碎后用蒸馏水浸泡,用水稀释后测定其对淡色库蚊和家蝇幼虫的毒效。结果在测定浓度下,大蒜粗提液对淡色库蚊幼虫和家蝇的1龄幼虫具有较强的杀灭作用,而且存活的幼虫大多延迟化蛹。但低浓度的粗提液对3龄家蝇幼虫无明显杀灭作用。结论大蒜粗提液对蚊蝇幼虫有较强的杀灭作用,具有良好的开发和应用前景。     

济宁市淡色库蚊抗药性检测分析

目的了解济宁市淡色库蚊对常用化学杀虫剂的抗性状况,为合理有效地进行蚊虫化学防治提供依据。方法采用WHO生物测定方法测定敏感品系和现场淡色库蚊对5种杀虫剂的抗性。结果5个现场的淡色库蚊对三氯杀虫酯、DDVP、残杀威、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯抗性水平分别为敏感品系的1．14～7．99倍、6．10～21．18倍、3．46—6．67倍、8．50～16．50倍、28．33～135．83倍。结论济宁市淡色库蚊对5种常用化学杀虫剂均产生不同程度的抗药性,对氯氰菊酯和DDVP抗性较高,对三氯杀虫酯和残杀威抗性较低,应采取适当措施克服或延缓蚊虫抗药性的产生和发展。