全文获取类型
收费全文 | 397篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
基础医学 | 14篇 |
临床医学 | 7篇 |
内科学 | 134篇 |
神经病学 | 46篇 |
特种医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 17篇 |
药学 | 196篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 46篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有422条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
72.
Ismene L. Petrakis Louis Trevisan Cyril D''Souza Roberto Gil Susan Krasnicki Elizabeth Webb George Heninger Ned Cooney John H. Krystal 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1999,23(8):1336-1341
BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in central neurotransmitter systems have been described in alcohol-dependent individuals and may contribute to alcohol craving. This study compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of monoamine metabolites and beta endorphin levels in samples from early-onset alcohol-dependent patients (n = 20), late-onset alcohol-dependent patients (n = 14), and healthy controls (n = 23). It also evaluated whether these CSF measures levels predicted the degree of craving experienced in response to an alcohol cue. METHODS: Individuals meeting DSM-III and -IV R-criteria for alcohol dependence, 1 to 3 months postdetoxification, and healthy controls underwent a lumbar puncture. Patients also completed a cue exposure test day between 3 and 15 days later. RESULTS: Alcohol-dependent patients had lower CSF levels of the norepinephrine metabolite MHPG compared with the healthy subjects, but this difference disappeared when differences in age between the groups were accounted for. No other group comparisons between patients and healthy subjects reached significance. CSF levels of the dopamine metabolite HVA were significantly higher in the early-onset patients compared with the late-onset patients and controls. The CSF measures did not predict the precue levels of craving, or the increase in craving after alcohol cue exposure. CONCLUSIONS: These results are inconclusive about the role of monoaminergic dysregulation in recovering alcoholics. They also question the utility of these CSF measures to predict alcohol cue reactivity in patients who have been sober at least 1 month. 相似文献
73.
74.
Stress,Motivation, and the Gut–Brain Axis: A Focus on the Ghrelin System and Alcohol Use Disorder 下载免费PDF全文
Laurel S. Morris Valerie Voon Lorenzo Leggio 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2018,42(8):1378-1389
Since its discovery, the gut hormone, ghrelin, has been implicated in diverse functional roles in the central nervous system. Central and peripheral interactions between ghrelin and other hormones, including the stress‐response hormone cortisol, govern complex behavioral responses to external cues and internal states. By acting at ventral tegmental area dopaminergic projections and other areas involved in reward processing, ghrelin can induce both general and directed motivation for rewards, including craving for alcohol and other alcohol‐seeking behaviors. Stress‐induced increases in cortisol seem to increase ghrelin in the periphery, suggesting a pathway by which ghrelin influences how stressful life events trigger motivation for rewards. However, in some states, ghrelin may be protective against the anxiogenic effects of stressors. This critical review brings together a dynamic and growing literature, that is, at times inconsistent, on the relationships between ghrelin, central reward‐motivation pathways, and central and peripheral stress responses, with a special focus on its emerging role in the context of alcohol use disorder. 相似文献
75.
The Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 1 in Alcohol Use Disorder: Still a Valid Drug Target? 下载免费PDF全文
Matthew B. Pomrenze Tracy L. Fetterly Danny G. Winder Robert O. Messing 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2017,41(12):1986-1999
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a neuropeptide that plays a key role in behavioral and physiological responses to stress. A large body of animal literature implicates CRF acting at type 1 CRF receptors (CRFR1) in consumption by alcohol‐dependent subjects, stress‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking, and possibly binge alcohol consumption. These studies have encouraged recent pilot studies of CRFR1 antagonists in humans with alcohol use disorder (AUD). It was a great disappointment to many in the field that these studies failed to show an effect of these compounds on stress‐induced alcohol craving. Here, we examine these studies to explore potential limitations and discuss preclinical and human literature to ask whether CRFR1 is still a valid drug target to pursue for the treatment of AUD. 相似文献
76.
77.
Conditioned drug craving and withdrawal elicited by cues paired with drug use or acute withdrawal are among the many factors contributing to compulsive drug taking. Understanding how to stop these cues from having these effects is a major goal of addiction research. Extinction is a form of learning in which associations between cues and the events they predict are weakened by exposure to the cues in the absence of those events. Evidence from animal models suggests that conditioned responses to drug cues can be extinguished, although the degree to which this occurs in humans is controversial. Investigations into the neurobiological substrates of extinction of conditioned drug craving and withdrawal may facilitate the successful use of drug cue extinction within clinical contexts. While this work is still in the early stages, there are indications that extinction of drug- and withdrawal-paired cues shares neural mechanisms with extinction of conditioned fear. Using the fear extinction literature as a template, it is possible to organize the observations on drug cue extinction into a cohesive framework. 相似文献
78.
The Polish Version of the Yale‐Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale,Modified to Reflect Obsessions and Compulsions Related to Heavy Drinking (YBOCS‐hd‐PL) 下载免费PDF全文
79.
80.