内蒙古自治区器官捐献和移植工作现状与思考

<正>器官移植手术技术的改良、基础研究的突破以及新型免疫抑制剂的成功研发等医学进步,已使器官移植受者生存率和生活质量不断提高,但供器官来源问题始终是器官移植领域最大的困扰~([1])。我国开展公民逝世后器官捐献工作相对较晚,相关法规条例尚不够完善。同时,由于各地人口密度、地域文化、经济发展以及医疗设施和技术的差异,器官捐献工作的发展极不均衡,导致全国移植医疗资源严重失衡和医疗迁徙不断加剧,不仅增加了器官衰竭     

新生儿足底采血局部不良反应的护理

目的：探讨新生儿足底采血局部不良反应的发生原因以及相应的护理对策。方法：收集2007年9～11月的231例次采血资料随机分为对照组和试验组，并对两组局部不良反应发生情况进行比较，对发生的原因进行分析，采取相应的护理对策。结果：试验组不良反应发生率明显底于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：在采血过程中对一些存在的问题采取相应的护理对策。可明显减少足底采血局部不良反应的发生，提高护理满意度。     

加入WTO后外文医学期刊的订购及对策

探讨加入WTO后外文医学期刊的订购，针对价格提高品种减少的情况，结合我院实际，采取的相应对策。     

Mental and physical countermeasures reduce the accuracy of the concealed knowledge test

The effects of a physical (pressing the toes to the floor) and a mental (counting backward by sevens) countermeasure on the concealed knowledge test (CKT) were examined in a mock crime experiment with 40 subjects. Some knowledgeable subjects were informed about the nature of the CKT and were trained in the use of a countermeasure, whereas others remained uninformed. All subjects were offered a monetary reward if they could produce a truthful outcome. Subjects were tested using standard field techniques and instrumentation. The physical and, to a lesser extent, the mental countermeasures reduced the accuracy of the CKT. These results clearly demonstrate that the CKT has no special immunity to the effects of countermeasures.     

山东省社区护理服务供给现状与对策探讨

目的研究社区护理服务供给现状,探讨社区护理人员服务培训对策。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,在山东省抽取调查477名护理人员。调查内容主要包括:社区护理人员的一般情况;社区护理人员知识构成状况;社区护理人员工作量分析。结果社区护理人员中本科学历者仅占1.3%,75.0%的护理人员接受的是临床护理教育,接受全科医学、临床医学教育的比例分别为8.0%和7.5%;社区护理人员平均每天工作9.2h;平均每周出诊5.66人次,每次出诊平均花费时间为45.11min。有59.2%的护理人员反映工作忙碌;46.3%的护理人员工作有压力;每名社区护理人员服务的社区居民数平均为15706人。结论社区护理人员学历层次较低,职称结构不合理,知识结构尚不全面,工作压力较大。要通过多种途径加强社区护理培训,提高社区护理人员知识与技能水平,提高社区护理服务综合能力。     

针灸西传的历史回顾及当代思考

针灸自“西学东渐”以来开始引起西方国家的关注,先后在欧洲和全球范围内掀起两股热潮。站在历史的角度,梳理针灸从中国走向世界的过程,可分析出针灸在两股热潮中的传播差异。在世界高度全球化的新态势下,针灸国际传播面临理论本土化、标准体系不健全以及在世界医疗体系中边缘化等问题。针对以上问题,现阶段针灸国际传播者应当着力促进针灸理论的推广,利用国际组织加强合作,把握针灸立法及标准建设的主导权;注重“以针带药”,完善中医治疗体系以打开国际市场;在解决针灸西传具体问题的基础上,构建医术与医道共同推进的新型传播体系,着力提高中医疗效以及理论文化的国际认同。     

民营医院手卫生依从性影响因素调查与干预策略

目的了解民营医院医务人员手卫生依从性状况与影响因素,探讨干预策略,提高医院感染质量。方法根据《医务人员手卫生规范》要求,对乐清市民营医院手卫生现状进行调查。结果手卫生设施合格低,医务人员手卫生知识合格率仅10.53%,手卫生依从性11.1%。结论卫生行政部门要加强对民营医院的医院感染管理,医院感染质控中心要积极履行其监督与指导的职责,提高医务人员手卫生依从性。     

当前我省新版GMP认证存在问题及对策研究

目的了解我省药品生产企业新版GMP认证现场检查缺陷项目情况,找出企业实施新版GMP存在主要问题,提出加快推进我省药品生产企业实施GMP的对裳和建议。方法对我省2011年5月～20134-6月认证的16家企业的缺陷项目进行汇总,对主要问题进行分类、归纳。结果与结论应严格执行规定,注重源头设计,加大培训力度,建立专职检查员队伍,妥善处理善后问题,确保新DKGMP得到正确贯彻实施。     

鼻咽癌患者放疗后真菌感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨鼻咽癌患者经放疗后真菌感染的危险因素及相应的处理对策,以降低鼻咽癌放疗后真菌感染的发生率。方法选取2005年1月-2013年12月接受治疗的鼻咽癌放疗患者378例,对真菌感染的各可能危险因素进行统计分析,数据采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 378例鼻咽癌患者放疗后发生真菌感染82例,感染率为21.69%;培养出真菌88株,以白色假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌为主,分别占56.82%、21.59%;当患者年龄>60岁、≥2种并发症、使用免疫抑制剂、伴皮肤或黏膜溃烂、住院时间>50d、口腔感染时真菌感染率明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);鼻咽癌放疗后患者抗菌药物使用率为80.42%;使用抗菌药物≥35d、品种≥3种及选用头孢菌素类抗菌药物抗感染时,真菌感染率明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高龄、≥2种并发症、使用免疫抑制剂、伴皮肤或黏膜溃烂、住院时间>50d、不合理使用抗菌药物是鼻咽癌放疗后发生真菌感染的危险因素,医院应继续加强监管力度,降低鼻咽癌放疗后真菌感染的发生。     

Development of the Inventory Management and Tracking System (IMATS) to Track the Availability of Public Health Department Medical Countermeasures During Public Health Emergencies

Objective

To bridge gaps identified during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic by developing a system that provides public health departments improved capability to manage and track medical countermeasures at the state and local levels and to report their inventory levels to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Materials and Methods

The CDC Countermeasure Tracking Systems (CTS) program designed and implemented the Inventory Management and Tracking System (IMATS) to manage, track, and report medical countermeasure inventories at the state and local levels. IMATS was designed by CDC in collaboration with state and local public health departments to ensure a “user-centered design approach.” A survey was completed to assess functionality and user satisfaction.

Results

IMATS was deployed in September 2011 and is provided at no cost to public health departments. Many state and local public health departments nationwide have adopted IMATS and use it to track countermeasure inventories during public health emergencies and daily operations.

Discussion

A successful response to public health emergencies requires efficient, accurate reporting of countermeasure inventory levels. IMATS is designed to support both emergency operations and everyday activities. Future improvements to the system include integrating barcoding technology and streamlining user access. To maintain system readiness, we continue to collect user feedback, improve technology, and enhance its functionality.

Conclusion

IMATS satisfies the need for a system for monitoring and reporting health departments’ countermeasure quantities so that decision makers are better informed. The “user-centered design approach” was successful, as evident by the many public health departments that adopted IMATS.