Gastric Emptying and Control of Ingestion in Preweanling Rat Pups

Abstract

In adult rats, the rate of gastric emptying is modulated by properties of the diet, including its caloric content and osmotic properties. In developing pups, there is little known about the modulation of gastric emptying, despite evidence that volume of gastric contents may play a significant role in modulating intake in young rats. The present experiments examined gastric emptying of oral infusions of corn oil emulsions or glucose solutions in pups aged 6 or 15 days of age and their effects on independent ingestion. The results demonstrated that pups as young as 6 days of age modulate the rate of gastric emptying in response to changes in the concentration of a corn oil or glucose diet. However, oral infusions of corn oil emulsions failed to produce differences in subsequent intake of a milk diet, while oral infusions of a glucose diet did suppress subsequent intake. Taken together, the results support different ontogenetic courses for the development of mechanisms modulating gastric emptying of lipid versus carbohydrate diets, and suggest that gastric fill plays a limited role in modulation of intake in young pups.     

玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1等3种真菌毒素的高效液相色谱测定法

目的建立玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素的高效液相色谱测定法。方法玉米样品经甲醇水溶液(V/V=80∶20)提取后,以提取液为分散剂,三氯甲烷为萃取剂,黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素经液液分散式微萃取富集净化,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈和1%乙酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱分离后,采用变波长的方法对三种毒素进行检测。结果黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素的线性范围分别为:1.00~100 ng/ml(r=0.998 5)、5.00~1 000 ng/ml(r=0.999 6)和1.00~100 ng/ml(r=0.999 3),检出限分别为:0.1、1.0和0.3μg/kg,平均加标回收率范围:82.5%~99.3%,RSD10%(n=6)。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确可靠,适用于玉米样品中黄曲霉毒素B1,玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素的同时检测。     

火针治疗皮肤病验案

火针疗法近年来在皮肤科疾病应用上多有进展。由于其兼有针刺与灸法的特点,结合了温阳气、通经络的功效,能够调节脏腑功能,进而改善甚至治愈各类皮肤疾病。近年来在治疗疣赘、结节性痒疹、带状疱疹及其后遗神经痛、囊肿性痤疮均采用了火针疗法,取得了较好疗效,作者在文中详细介绍运用火针治疗皮肤病的操作手法及心得体会。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定常用植物油料中胆固醇含量

目的:建立测定植物油料(油菜籽、花生、黄豆、玉米、芝麻)中胆固醇含量的超高液相-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。方法:样品经皂化后用石油醚-乙醚(1∶1)提取,以2,2,3,4,4,6-d6胆固醇为内标,Waters ACQUITYUPLCBEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱为分析柱,含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相,大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式,多反应检测方式测定。胆固醇和内标离子检测对m/z分别为369.2→146.9,369.2→160.9和375.2→166.5。结果:胆固醇在0.05μg.ml-1～10μg.ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999),最小检出量为0.1 ng,方法回收率为106%。结论:本方法具有良好的灵敏度、准确度及专属性,可用于植物油料中胆固醇含量测定。     

Isolated Plantar Vein Thrombosis Resembling a Corn with a Bruise

Plantar vein thrombosis, rarely-reported disease, is usually accompanied by pain and tenderness in the plantar region and should be differentiated from other dermatological conditions causing plantar pain, such as hemorrhagic corn/callus, plantar epidermal cyst, verruca, or plantar fibromatosis. A 52-year-old man presented with a violaceous tender subcutaneous nodule overlying a hyperkeratotic plaque on his sole. Initially, he thought it was a corn and applied keratolytic agents, which failed to work. Sonography revealed a well-demarcated mass with increased peripheral vascularity. His pain was relieved after a complete wide excision, which confirmed the mass to be plantar vein thrombosis after histopathological examination.     

玉米淀粉的挤出研究(Ⅰ)—淀粉聚合物的降解及其表征

用Creusot-Loire BC-45型同向旋转双螺杆挤出机加工玉米淀粉。通过特性粘度,Sepharose CL-2B琼脂糖凝胶过滤层析,铁氰化钾数测定等方法,对挤出产物进行了研究。结果表明,经过挤压,玉米淀粉被降解,其平均分子大小降低,支链淀粉级分显著减小,淀粉聚合物中的部分糖苷键被裂解,应力是淀粉聚合物降解的主要原因。     

Skin testing with an aqueous extract of cotton bract

Airway challenge with cotton bract extract (CBE) causes reversible bronchospasm in most volunteers never before exposed to CBE or the textile industry. Lung function abnormalities develop slowly after inhalation with a maximum effect reached within 2 hours and lung function slowly improving thereafter. When CBE was injected intradermally in three naive subjects with negligible airway response to CBE, we observed an initial wheal-and-flare reaction within minutes followed by erythema and subsequent induration that persisted for 24 to 48 hours. Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens obtained during the course of these reactions revealed edema in the early phase followed by perivascular infiltration of a mixed cellular nature in the subsequent stages of the reaction. Degranulation of mast cells was noted throughout the course of the reaction. These findings indirectly suggest that a nonspecific inflammatory reaction initiated by mast cell-derived mediators and sustained by the presence of infiltrating cells may be responsible for some of the airway effects observed in byssinosis.     

玉米淀粉的挤压研究（Ⅲ）──淀粉在挤压过程中的降解动力学

用四碘萤光素作为示踪物质测定了玉米淀粉在挤压过程中（在各种挤压条件下）的停留时间分布，建立了玉米淀粉中支链部分在挤压过程中的降解动力学模型并加以实验验证。     

Corns and calluses in athletes’ feet: a cause for concern

The risk of suffering disorders of the skin and underlying tissue in the lower extremities is one of the few adverse effects of a physically active lifestyle. Engagement in a physically challenging sport, demanding and repetitive physical activity or high-impact exercising has particularly been linked to hyperkeratotic lesions such as corns and calluses. Corn and callus formation is the skin's natural attempt to compensate for prolonged or excessive pressure, friction and other forms of local irritation by increasing its thickness at sites of excessive mechanical stress. Initially this thickening of the skin is helpful, but over time it builds up and becomes a source of morbidity. Increased mass of the lesion results in increased pressure and discomfort. Thus, a vicious cycle develops which is only broken by decreasing the size of the hyperkeratotic growth and relieving or eliminating pressure on the affected area of the skin. Failure to treat these conditions appropriately and adequately may contribute to the development of serious and disabling skin pathology. This paper considers the incidence of corns and calluses pertaining to athletes’ feet, describes their clinical characteristics, outlines the underlying causes or etiology of their formation, provides an overview of the pathogenetic mechanism responsible for their development and addresses certain diagnostic procedures used to identify them. The therapeutic means available for the treatment of corns and calluses along with their potential complications are further presented and discussed.     

山东省某轻稀土矿区粮食中稀土元素含量与健康风险

目的了解山东某轻稀土矿区与非矿区粮食中稀土元素含量及其健康风险。方法于2014年7—10月,采集调查区域内村民自己种植的粮食(小麦、玉米和大豆)样品339份,采用电感藕合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定15种稀土元素的含量。结果矿区粮食中总稀土元素含量为9.85~4 268.39μg/kg,中位数为82.47μg/kg;非矿区粮食中总稀土元素含量为1.55~2 662.31μg/kg,中位数为54.75μg/kg。矿区和非矿区粮食中稀土元素含量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。矿区和非矿区均为小麦稀土元素含量最高(128.79μg/kg和85.14μg/kg),玉米最低(44.89μg/kg和37.95μg/kg)。粮食中稀土元素以富集轻稀土元素为特征。通过粮食摄入的稀土元素远小于健康指导值。结论矿区和非矿区粮食中稀土元素含量无差异,以轻稀土元素为主,通过小麦、玉米、大豆摄入的稀土元素不会危害人体健康。