Comorbidities Drive the Majority of Overall Mortality in Low-Risk Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts Under Surveillance

Background & AimsThe Charlson Comorbidity Index (CACI) has been suggested as a tool to determine comorbidity burden and guide management for patients with mucinous pancreatic cysts (Intrapapillary Mucinous Neoplasms and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms), but has not been studied well among “low-risk” mucinous pancreatic cysts i.e. without worrisome features (WF) and high-risk stigmata (HRS). This study sought to determine the comorbidity burden among surveillance population of low-risk pancreatic cysts and provide their follow-up mortality outcomes.MethodsA single center study retrospectively reviewed a prospective pancreatic cyst database and included individuals with low-risk cysts undergoing serial imaging during 2016. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine their baseline age-adjusted CACI (age-CACI). After 4 years, their progression to WF, disease specific (pancreatic malignancy-related, DSM), extra-pancreatic (EPM), and overall mortalities (OM) were determined using Kaplan-Meir Survival Analysis.Results502 individuals underwent prospective surveillance. The study included 440 individuals with low-risk suspected or presumed mucinous cysts and excluded 50 and 12 individuals with WF and HRS respectively. Over a median follow-up of 56 months, 12 WF progressions, 2 DSMs, 42 EPMs, and 44 OMs were observed. Baseline age-CACI had good predictive capacity for 4-year EPM (Area-Under Curve: 0.87; p< .0001). The median age-CACI of 4 enabled cohort stratification into Low (age-CACI <4) and High CACI (age-CACI ≥4) groups. A significantly higher OM (p< .001) was observed among the High CACI group as compared to the Low CACI group.ConclusionThrough real-time application of CACI to patient outcomes, our analysis supports incorporation of this comorbidity assessment tool in making shared surveillance decisions among low-risk pancreatic cyst population.     

Prevalence of Noncardiac Multimorbidity in Patients Admitted to Two Cardiac Intensive Care Units and Their Association with Mortality

BackgroundCurrent cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) practice has seen an increase in patient complexity, including an increase in noncardiac organ failure, critical care therapies, and comorbidities. We sought to describe the changing epidemiology of noncardiac multimorbidity in the CICU population.MethodsWe analyzed consecutive unique patient admissions to 2 geographically distant tertiary care CICUs (n = 16,390). We assessed for the prevalence of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 noncardiac comorbidities (diabetes, chronic lung, liver, and kidney disease, cancer, and stroke/transient ischemic attack) and their associations with hospital and postdischarge 1-year mortality using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 noncardiac comorbidities was 37.7%, 31.4%, 19.9%, and 11.0%, respectively. Increasing noncardiac comorbidities were associated with a stepwise increase in mortality, length of stay, noncardiac indications for ICU admission, and increased utilization of critical care therapies. After multivariable adjustment, compared with those without noncardiac comorbidities, there was an increased hospital mortality for patients with 1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.54, P = .002), 2 (OR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.22-1.77, P < .001), and ≥3 (OR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.44-2.22, P < .001) noncardiac comorbidities. Similar trends for each additional noncardiac comorbidity were seen for postdischarge 1-year mortality (P < .001, all).ConclusionsIn 2 large contemporary CICU populations, we found that noncardiac multimorbidity was highly prevalent and a strong predictor of short- and long-term adverse clinical outcomes. Further study is needed to define the best care pathways for CICU patients with acute cardiac illness complicated by noncardiac multimorbidity.     

A Before and After Analysis of Health Care Utilization by Patients Enrolled in Opioid Controlled Substance Agreements for Chronic Noncancer Pain

Objective

To evaluate the impact of opioid controlled substance agreements (CSAs) enrollment on health care utilization.

肺结核合并糖尿病与单纯肺结核患者流行特征对比分析

目的: 分析北京市疾病预防控制中心结核门诊部登记治疗的肺结核合并糖尿病患者特征,为肺结核与糖尿病共病防治提供依据。方法: 采用描述性方法,将2014—2021年北京市疾病预防控制中心结核门诊部登记治疗的261例肺结核合并糖尿病患者与同期1839例单纯肺结核患者的流行病学特征进行对比分析,包括性别、年龄、治疗分类、发现方式、病原学阳性率、涂阳率、培阳率、利福平耐药率、2个月末痰涂片阴转率、治疗成功率、就诊及确诊延迟率、就诊及确诊时间间隔。结果: 肺结核合并糖尿病患者复治比例[16.48%(43/261)]明显高于单纯肺结核患者[8.70%(160/1839)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=15.822,P<0.001),主动发现比例[7.28%(19/261)]明显低于单纯肺结核患者[13.05%(240/1839)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.040,P<0.01)。肺结核合并糖尿病患者病原学阳性率[65.90%(172/261)]明显高于单纯肺结核患者[35.07%(645/1839)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=91.381,P<0.001),2个月末痰涂片阴转率和治疗成功率[84.62%(110/130)和80.46%(210/261)]均低于单纯肺结核患者[91.15%(412/452)和87.71%(1613/1839)],差异均有统计学意义(χ²=4.663,P=0.031;χ²=10.495,P=0.001)。肺结核合并糖尿病患者利福平耐药率[3.07%(8/261)]与单纯肺结核患者[1.41%(26/1839)] 比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.945,P=0.086)。就诊延迟率、就诊时间[52.87%(138/261)和16(2,53)d]均明显高于单纯肺结核患者[42.09%(774/1839)和9(0,37)d],差异均有统计学意义(χ²=10.822,P=0.001;U=2.775,P=0.006)。确诊延迟率、确诊时间[32.57%(85/261)和7(0,24)d]与单纯肺结核患者[31.92%(587/1839)和7(1,20)d] 比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²=0.044,P=0.834;U=0.167,P=0.867)。结论: 肺结核合并糖尿病患者具有病原学阳性率高、复治比例高、就诊延迟率高、就诊时间间隔长、主动发现率低、痰涂片阴转率低和治疗成功率低的特点。     

Effects of Gender and Comorbidity on Problem Drinking in a Community Sample

We investigated the influence of gender, comorbidity, drinking history, and age on the clinical manifestations of DSM-III alcohol abuse and/or dependence in men and women. The sample was drawn from the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, a large-scale, multicenter survey to investigate psychiatric disorders in the community. The results showed that gender and comorbidity had independent effects on problem drinking after drinking history and age had been taken into account. Gender contributed to the age of onset of problem drinking and the rate of its development. Comorbidity, drinking history, and age contributed independently to its severity. The effects of these variables in this community sample paralleled those reported in treatment samples.     

Patterns of Suicidality and Alcohol Use in Alcoholics with Major Depression

The aims of this study were (1) to comprehensively characterize a population of alcoholics with major depression in a psychiatric hospital, (2) to determine the prevalence of suicidal behavior in this sample, and (3) to determine whether quantity of alcohol ingested was associated with level of suicidality. Ratings of drinking, depression, and suicidality were obtained using both self-rated and observer-rated instruments. The prevalence of suicide attempts in the week before hospitalization was remarkably high, approaching 40%, whereas 70% had made a suicide attempt at some point in their lifetime. These suicide attempts were typically impulsive in nature, involving little if any premeditation. Most subjects reported drinking more heavily than usual on the day of their suicide attempt. Recent suicidal behavior was significantly associated with recent very heavy drinking (<70 drinks per week) and with number of drinks per drinking day. Quantity of drinking per drinking day was also significantly higher in those making a recent suicide attempt. However, no association was found between quantity of alcohol consumption and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that recent heavy alcohol use primarily affects suicidality by increasing the likelihood of acting on suicidal ideation rather than by inducing suicidal ideation.     

The impact of comorbidity on the survival of postmenopausal women with breast cancer

Purpose The aim was to assess the impact of comorbidity on survival of postmenopausal women with breast cancer diagnosis in the period 1995–1997.Methods The level of comorbidity was described by the methods suggested by Satariano and Charlson. Coxs proportional hazard models were used to explore the impact of comorbidity on all-cause mortality.Results After a median follow-up time of 52 months, an increasing level of comorbidity was associated with a higher all-cause mortality. Compared to patients without comorbid conditions, the hazard ratio of death (HR) was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8–1.7) for Satariano index 1 and HR 2.3 (95% CI: 1.5–3.5) for Satariano index 2, and HR 1.6 and 2.1 for the Charlson comorbidity index, respectively. Independent of comorbidity, the treatment pattern had a strong impact on survival. The level of comorbidity has an influence on the 3-year survival of postmenopausal women with breast cancer.Conclusions Long-term follow-up is required to appraise these findings in relation to treatment strategies.     

Physical disability among older Italians with diabetes. The ILSA Study

Aims/hypothesis We studied the role of diabetic complications and comorbidity in the association between diabetes and disability in the elderly.Methods Data were from a nationally representative sample of 5632 older Italians, aged 65 years and older, and who participated in the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Clinical diagnoses of diabetes and other major chronic conditions were made by a physician, while disability was assessed by self-reported information on activities of daily living and physical performance tests.Results After adjusting for age, education and BMI, disability on the basis of activities of daily living was associated with diabetes in women, but not in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.65, CI: 1.22–2.23 and OR 1.21, CI: 0.84–1.75 respectively). In contrast, the association between severe and/or total disability on the basis of physical performance tests and diabetes was strong in both sexes (OR 2.81, CI: 1.44–5.41 and OR 2.16, CI: 1.25–3.73 respectively). Adjusting for traditional complications and comorbidity reduced the excess odds of disability by 38% in women and by 16% in men.Conclusions/interpretation Disability in older Italians with diabetes is frequent and only partially attributable to traditional diabetic complications and comorbidity.The ILSA Working Group: S. Maggi, N. Minicuci, A. Di Carlo, M. Baldereschi, Italian National Research Council (CNR); L. Candelise, E. Scarpini, University of Milan; P. Carbonin, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome; G. Farchi, E. Scafato, S. Brescianini, National Institutes of Health, Rome; F. Grigoletto, E. Perissinotto, G. Enzi, University of Padua; C. Loeb, Italian National Research Council, Genoa; C. Gandolfo, University of Genoa; N. Canal, M. Franceschi, San Raffaele Institute, Milan; A. Ghetti, R. Vergassola, Health Area 10, Florence; D. Inzitari, University of Florence; S. Bonaiuto, F. Fini, A. Vesprini, G. Cruciani, Italian National Institute of Research and Care on Aging, Fermo; A. Capurso, P. Livrea, V. Lepore, University of Bari; L. Motta, D. Maugeri, G. Carnazzo, P. Bentivegna, University of Catania; F. Rengo, University of Naples; all Italy     

23例脊柱结核并发艾滋病患者的手术疗效观察

目的 探讨手术治疗脊柱结核并发艾滋病(AIDS)患者的临床疗效。方法 采用回顾性分析方法,搜集2014年1月至2018年1月成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心行手术治疗的23例脊柱结核并发AIDS患者的临床资料,包括手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症,术前及末次随访时视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、血红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、CD4 ⁺T淋巴细胞计数情况、神经功能情况,以及末次随访时植骨融合情况等,分析研究对象手术治疗的效果。结果 23例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间为(268.4±11.3)min,平均出血量为(490.6±101.5)ml,无手术切口感染。患者均获得随访。末次随访VAS评分为(1.0±0.7)分,明显低于术前的(8.2±0.6)分,疼痛较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(t=6.15,P=0.001)。4例术前有神经功能损伤的患者完全恢复正常。经抗结核药物治疗及手术治疗,末次随访时患者的ESR和CRP分别为(9.3±2.6)mm/1h和(4.8±1.2)mg/L,较术前的(79.4±4.6)mm/1h和(57.5±5.9)mg/L均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(t=64.66,P=0.000;t=47.73,P=0.000);经围手术期管理及后续以高效抗逆转录病毒治疗为主的综合治疗,末次随访时患者CD4 ⁺T淋巴细胞计数为(267.5±38.5)个/μl,较术前的(233.3±41.1)个/μl上升,差异有统计学意义(t=-36.57,P=0.001)。所有患者植骨融合符合Bridwell Ⅰ~Ⅱ级标准,植骨融合中位时间为6个月,随访期间未见内固定器断裂。2例患者术后1d出现癫痫,5例术后肺不张、高热,11例术后出现腹胀,对症处理后均恢复正常。结论 通过加强围手术期管理、合理选择手术时机,脊柱结核并发AIDS的患者手术治疗临床效果较好。     

糖尿病与非糖尿病病人腹膜透析初始时的临床状况比较分析

目的　对比分析糖尿病与非糖尿病终末期肾病 (ESRD)病人在腹膜透析 (CAPD)初始时的临床状况 ,初步探讨糖尿病ESRD病人适当的透析时机。方法　入选了 6 7例接受CAPD治疗的年龄 5 0岁以上ESRD患者 ,其中糖尿病组 2 7例 ,非糖尿病组 4 0例。分别对患者的残肾功能、营养状况、合并症情况、活动能力进行评估。结果　与非糖尿病组相比 ,糖尿病组CAPD病人开始透析时的血肌酐质量浓度、血浆白蛋白及握力检测明显低于非糖尿病组 ,而肌酐清除率及营养不良发生率均明显高于非糖尿病组 ;糖尿病组的合并症指数评估明显高于非糖尿病组 ,活动能力明显低于非糖尿病组。统计学检验差异均具有显著性。结论　糖尿病病人透析时机选择应根据病人的残肾功能、临床症状、合并症情况和营养状态综合考虑 ,应及时开始CAPD治疗。