阅读障碍与注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的形似同音错字词组的N400研究

目的本研究拟结合当前汉语阅读障碍的研究趋势,设计词形、词义、词音的识别任务,并在执行任务同时记录在中央脑区(CZ脑区)的N400波形,比较探讨四组儿童N400脑电生理指标的异同。方法宁波市区某小学经前期筛查、后期复核诊断注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)21例、阅读障碍(RD)19例、ADHD+RD 17例及正常对照组19例(均为小学三至五年级学生)。使用SNAP-Ⅳ问卷(父母版)评估ADHD症状;儿童汉语阅读障碍量表评估阅读成绩。比较四组儿童在执行形似同音错字词组识别任务时应答反应时间及正确率,及中央脑区N400(波幅和潜伏期)波形差异在组间效应。结果平均反应时及正确应答率,正常对照组均优于其他三组;与RD组相比,ADHD组、ADHD+RD组的平均反应时略长,而正确率方面三组差异无显著性;ADHD组与ADHD+RD组在平均反应时及正确率方面比较差异无显著性。与对照组相比,ADHD组、RD组及ADHD+RD组潜伏期均延迟,而ADHD组、RD组及ADHD+RD组之间两两比较,差异均无显著性;而波幅方面,四组两两相比,差异均无显著性。结论 ADHD本身亦存在言语加工障碍,RD亦存在注意缺陷方面的问题,两者共病并未表现出更严重的言语加工障碍。     

2010—2021年国内外老年多重慢病研究热点分析

背景 随着人口老龄化进程的加快,同时患有多种慢病已成为老年人的常态,老年多重慢病相关研究也不断丰富,但鲜有对其研究进展及热点进行分析。目的 分析国内外老年多重慢病的研究热点,揭示近十年来（2010—2021年）老年多重慢病领域研究前沿的热点主题,为相关研究者追踪前沿信息提供参考。方法 基于文本挖掘技术和文献计量学等方法,检索Web of Science核心合集、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、PubMed、中华医学会期刊全文数据库、APA-PsycINFO美国心理学会数据库中老年多重慢病领域的相关文献,检索时间为2010—2021年。使用CiteSpace 6.1.3、PASW 18、BICOMB 2.04等软件对文献的发文量趋势、来源、作者、机构、关键词等方面进行分析及可视化,并绘制战略坐标图对领域研究热点进行分析。结果 最终纳入老年多重慢病相关文献9 392篇,其中外文文献5 776篇,中文文献3 616篇。2010—2021年老年多重慢病领域中外文献发文量均呈指数型增长,中文文献年增长率为13.27%,外文文献年增长率为15.84%,该领域正处于发展阶段。中...     

Understanding Hispanic Patient Satisfaction with Telehealth During COVID-19

BackgroundRecent studies have described the use of telehealth for pediatric surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate equity in telehealth use by comparing rates of utilization and satisfaction with pediatric surgical telemedicine among Hispanic patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients seen by a surgical subspecialty provider in the outpatient setting at a quaternary pediatric hospital between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Patients evaluated in the same three-month period in 2019 were analyzed as a historic control. Differences in Family Experience Survey (FES) responses based on race and ethnicity and preferred language of care were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized linear modeling.ResultsThe pandemic cohort included fewer patients of Hispanic ethnicity and fewer Spanish-speakers. After controlling for visit type, comparison of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking patients revealed that Spanish-speaking families had significantly lower scores for FES items that evaluated healthcare provider explaining (IRR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90), listening (IRR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63–0.92), and time spent with the family (IRR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.89). There were no differences in FES responses based on insurance status or degree of medical complexity.ConclusionsTelehealth services were less commonly used among Hispanic and Spanish-speaking patients. Language may differentially affect family satisfaction with healthcare and telehealth solutions. Strategies to mitigate these inequities are needed and may include strengthening interpreter services and providing language-concordant care.Level of evidenceLevel IV.     

2019年欧洲心力衰竭协会/欧洲心脏病学会《射血分数保留的心力衰竭的诊断》解读

目前射血分数保留的心力衰竭（HFpEF）占心力衰竭患者50%以上,并且缺乏有效改善预后的药物疗法。2019年欧洲心力衰竭协会（HFA）和欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）制定了新的专家共识--4步HFA-PEFF诊断算法,包括第一步“初始评估”,第二步“基于超声心动图和脑钠肽”,第三步“功能评估”,第四步“病因诊断”。本文在对4步诊断法详细介绍的同时,也对HFpEF的合并症以及心力衰竭的社区管理进行论述。     

老年人群共病问题现状挑战与应对策略

中国已进入老龄化社会，共病是老年人群较为突出的公共健康问题。总结梳理老年人群共病领域研究现状，分析探讨相应策略对于老年共病人群的临床综合管理具有重要意义。本文重点从共病管理研究实践、共病诊疗模式、共病用药策略、共病医护团队及健康管理服务体系建设方面分析了该领域研究现状，同时提出建立以患者为中心的共病管理研究方案、推广应用老年共病评估工具、开展共病共有病因及机制研究、制订共病管理规范性指南/共识、借鉴中医学"以证统病""整体观念"思想、融合互联网+技术与智能可穿戴设备及开展共病早期风险评估与管理等应对策略，综合展望共病领域后期研究方向，以期为该领域进一步深入研究提供参考。     

注意缺陷多动障碍共患病的年龄特征

目的:在较大样本中分析注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患者的共患病的年龄分布规律及其特征.方法:采用半定式临床诊断性会谈量表,对1 002例门诊ADHD患者的精神障碍现患情况进行横断面调查,比较不同年龄组患者共患率的差异.结果:各年龄段ADHD患者所患有的破坏性行为障碍(DBD)、心境障碍、抽动障碍和学习困难的共患率差异有统计学意义.(1)DBD和心境障碍:12～14岁组的共患率(分别为124例,51.5%;18例,7.5%)明显高于6～8岁组(分别为160例,41.7%;9例,2.3%;P＜ 0.05);15～17岁组的共患率(分别为29例,72.5%;8例,20.0%)明显高于其他各年龄组(P＜0.05).(2)抽动障碍:12～14岁组的共患率(50例,20.8%)与12岁以下的两个年龄组(6～8岁组51例,13.4%;9～11岁组42例,12.5%)相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)学习困难:随着年龄的增大,学习困难的共患率逐渐增高,9～11岁组的共患率(106例,31.5%)明显高于6～8岁组(80例,20.9%;P＜ 0.01),12岁以上的两个年龄组的共患率(12～14岁组164例,68.0%;15～17岁组28例,70.0%)均显著高于12岁以下的两个年龄组(P＜0.01).(4)无共患病者:12岁以上的两个年龄组中,无共患病的ADHD患者(12～14岁组29例,12.0%;15～17岁组4例,10.0%)均明显少于12岁以下的两个年龄组(6～8岁组126例,32.8%;9～11岁组110例,32.6%;P＜0.01).在男孩中上述年龄特征仍然存在.结论:ADHD患者进入青春期后的各种心理障碍增多,在青春期后期,这一状况更加严重.     

Harnessing Behavioral Economics Principles to Promote Better Surgeon Accountability for Operating Room Cost: A Prospective Study

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217例老年精神病人的躯体共病性研究

目的：探讨老年精神科病人躯体疾病共病情况及其意义。方法：调查217例老年精神科病人的精神科诊断及合弄躯体疾病情况。结果：88．9％的病人合并有躯体疾病，每一个病人合并的躯体疾病的病种数平均为2．18种。合并的躯体疾病多见的是脑血管病、高血压、心脏病、感染、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）等。结论：老年精神科病人的躯体共病现象具有普遍性，其躯体疾病分布具有普通老年科病人的特点。躯体共病影响精神疾病的疗效预后及老年精神科的临床工作模式。     

The risk of organ-based comorbidities in psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe close relationship between psoriasis and concomitant diseases is widely accepted. However, a comprehensive analysis of organ-based comorbidities in psoriasis is still lacking.ObjectiveThe authors aimed to present the risk of organ-based comorbidities in psoriasis by comparing the general population.MethodsThe authors retrieved a search of Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting organ-based comorbidities in psoriasis versus the general population. Observational studies that met the following criteria were assessed: 1) Psoriasis diagnosis; 2) Cardiovascular or kidney or liver or respiratory or cerebrovascular outcomes; 3) Comparison group of individuals without psoriasis. Pooled Relative Risks (pRRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the random-effect model.ResultsFifteen observational studies with 216,348 psoriatic patients and 9,896,962 individuals from the general population were included. Psoriasis showed a greater risk of organ-based comorbidities. Compared to the general population, pRR for all organ-based comorbidities was 1.20 (95% CI 1.11?1.31) in psoriasis, and pRR was lower in mild 0.61 (95% CI 0.46?0.81) than in moderate/severe patients. pRR was 1.20 (95% CI 1.11?1.30) for cardiovascular, 1.56 (95% CI 1.20?2.04), and 1.75 (95% CI 1.33?2.29) for cerebrovascular and liver diseases, respectively. pRR for coexisting renal and cardiovascular events was 1.09 (95% CI 1.01?1.18). pRR for coexisting renal and cerebrovascular events was 1.28 (95% CI 0.99?1.66). pRR for coexisting renal and liver diseases was 1.46 (95% CI 1.10?1.94). pRR for coexisting cardiovascular and liver diseases was 1.41 (95% CI 1.11?1.80).Study limitationsThere is heterogeneity.ConclusionPsoriasis has a higher risk of single and multiple organ-based comorbidities than the general population. The present study will further improve attention to psoriasis as a systemic inflammatory disease.     

Comorbidities Drive the Majority of Overall Mortality in Low-Risk Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts Under Surveillance

Background & AimsThe Charlson Comorbidity Index (CACI) has been suggested as a tool to determine comorbidity burden and guide management for patients with mucinous pancreatic cysts (Intrapapillary Mucinous Neoplasms and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms), but has not been studied well among “low-risk” mucinous pancreatic cysts i.e. without worrisome features (WF) and high-risk stigmata (HRS). This study sought to determine the comorbidity burden among surveillance population of low-risk pancreatic cysts and provide their follow-up mortality outcomes.MethodsA single center study retrospectively reviewed a prospective pancreatic cyst database and included individuals with low-risk cysts undergoing serial imaging during 2016. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine their baseline age-adjusted CACI (age-CACI). After 4 years, their progression to WF, disease specific (pancreatic malignancy-related, DSM), extra-pancreatic (EPM), and overall mortalities (OM) were determined using Kaplan-Meir Survival Analysis.Results502 individuals underwent prospective surveillance. The study included 440 individuals with low-risk suspected or presumed mucinous cysts and excluded 50 and 12 individuals with WF and HRS respectively. Over a median follow-up of 56 months, 12 WF progressions, 2 DSMs, 42 EPMs, and 44 OMs were observed. Baseline age-CACI had good predictive capacity for 4-year EPM (Area-Under Curve: 0.87; p< .0001). The median age-CACI of 4 enabled cohort stratification into Low (age-CACI <4) and High CACI (age-CACI ≥4) groups. A significantly higher OM (p< .001) was observed among the High CACI group as compared to the Low CACI group.ConclusionThrough real-time application of CACI to patient outcomes, our analysis supports incorporation of this comorbidity assessment tool in making shared surveillance decisions among low-risk pancreatic cyst population.