超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术中术后镇痛效果的影响。方法全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术60例,随机分为两组。麻醉诱导后一组在超声引导下行改良肋缘下入路的双侧腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞,注入0.5%罗哌卡因(0.8 m L/kg,A组),另一组全麻后未行TAP阻滞(B组)。两组术后均应用患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)进行镇痛。记录两组手术中瑞芬太尼的用量,手术结束时除去喉罩时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),术后2、6、24 h视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,PCIA泵术后36 h总用药量和自控镇痛有效按压次数及镇痛期间不良反应的发生情况。结果与B组比较,A组术中瑞芬太尼的用量明显减少(P<0.05),除去喉罩时MAP、HR波动明显减小(P<0.05),术后2、6 h VAS评分A组明显低于B组(P<0.05),PCIA总用药量和有效按压次数A组明显少于B组(P<0.05),A组镇痛期间不良反应发生也明显少于B组。结论超声引导改良肋缘下TAP阻滞能为腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者提供良好的术中及术后镇痛。     

A Rare Case of Delayed Perigastric Abscess after Curative Resection of Early Gastric Cancer by Uncomplicated Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Successful Treatment with Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Drainage

A 72-year-old man had undergone uncomplicated endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with en bloc resection of a localized 20-mm IIc lesion in the anterior wall of the gastric angle. Twenty-eight days later, he was re-admitted with epigastric pain of one-week duration. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a 60-mm mass bordered by viscera; repeat endoscopy confirmed a smooth elevated submucosal tumor at the greater curvature on the oral side of the post-ESD ulcer. We diagnosed him with a perigastric abscess as a complication of ESD and performed endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage. Subsequently, the symptoms and blood inflammatory parameters improved, and follow-up CT showed the disappearance of the abscess.     

内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术对胰腺合并肝脏占位的诊断价值

2020年2—5月间,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内科对5例胰腺占位合并肝脏占位患者进行了内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术检查。胰腺占位3例位于胰头、1例位于胰颈、1例位于胰体,最大径3.2~4.6 cm,经2~4针穿刺,5例胰腺穿刺组织学和细胞学均为阳性。肝脏占位3例为肝左叶单发占位、1例为肝左叶多发占位、1例为肝左叶和肝右叶多发占位,最大径0.4~1.2 cm,经1~3针穿刺,4例患者肝脏穿刺细胞学和（或）组织学结果为阳性,余1例穿刺物涂片细胞学结果为阴性。5例术后均未出现腹痛、发热、出血、穿孔、感染、胰漏、高淀粉酶血症等并发症。由此可见,内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术对胰腺占位合并肝脏占位同时进行穿刺诊断是安全和有效的。     

多普勒超声心动图4种检测方法评价左室舒张功能

目的　应用二尖瓣血流频谱、肺静脉血流频谱、彩色M型多普勒超声心动图 (CMM)和组织多普勒图像 (DTI)等 4种方法评价左室舒张功能 ,并对其结果进行比较。　 方法　使用 4种多普勒超声心动图方法测定的相应数值评价正常组 (3 0例 )、高血压组 (3 0例 )及心肌梗死组 (2 7例 )的左室舒张功能的情况。　 结果　 (1)二尖瓣血流频谱表明高血压组左室舒张功能异常表现为松弛减退 (E/A <1) ;(2 )心肌梗死组E/A值与正常组比较无明显差异 ,肺静脉舒张末逆流峰值 (AR)明显增大 ,CMM测定的舒张早期血流传导速度 (FPV)明显减小 ,DTI测定的负向舒张早期波 (Ea)及Ea与负向舒张晚期波 (Aa)的比值 (Ea/Aa)与其他 2组比较P均 <0 0 1。　 结论 　评价左室舒张功能异常时 ,二尖瓣血流频谱能及早发现松弛减退 ,在可能存在假性正常时 ,综合应用AR、FPV、Ea、Ea/Aa可予以识别。考虑到经胸途径检查肺静脉往往比较困难且费时较多 ,而FPV、Ea、Ea/Aa测定简便易行 ,是综合评价左室舒张功能的有用指标。     

彩色多谱勒超声对原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能的评价

目的探讨彩色多谱勒超声(CDU)评价高血压患者血管内皮功能的临床意义。方法将50例原发性高血压患者分为Ⅰ(低/中危组)、Ⅱ(高/极高危组)两个实验组,并设对照组Ⅲ,实验组患者给予卡维地洛(Carvedilol)治疗12周,用CDU测定治疗前后基础状态下、反应性充血时和含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径及血流量变化。结果(1)原发性高血压患者反应性充血时肱动脉内径的扩张程度及血流量与正常对照组相比有显著性差异;(2)原发性高血压患者卡维地洛治疗12周后反应性充血时肱动脉内径扩张程度及血流量与治疗前相比显著改善。结论应用CDU可较准确、简便、有效地评价高血压患者血管内皮功能,并对临床药物治疗效果的评定也有一定参考价值。     

软组织上皮样肉瘤的临床及超声特征分析

目的分析软组织上皮样肉瘤临床及超声声像图特征。方法回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的软组织上皮样肉瘤的临床、灰阶和彩色多普勒超声图像特征。结果 17例软组织上皮样肉瘤患者,女10例(58.8%),男7例(41.2%),年龄28~63岁,平均(44.29±11.40)岁,复发9例(52.9%),原发8例(47.1%),均为扪及质硬肿块就诊,2例(11.8%)伴溃疡。灰阶超声:8例为单发(47.1%),9例为多发(52.9%),远端型12例(70.6%),近端型5例(29.4%),多发者包块均位于同一部位,呈融合状,且超声表现相同。同时累及皮肤皮下层2例(11.8%),仅累及皮下层5例(29.4%),仅累及肌层5例(29.4%),同时累及皮肤、皮下层及肌层5例(29.4%),均表现为弱回声团块,团块最大径线0.8~15 cm,平均(6.36±4.02)cm,边界不清楚12例(70.6%),形态不规则15例(88.2%),内部回声不均匀16例(94.1%),伴液化13例(76.5%),伴钙化4例(23.5%)。CDFI示0级3例(17.6%),Ⅰ级4例(23.5%),Ⅱ级3例(17.6%),Ⅲ级7例(41.2%)。结论软组织上皮样肉瘤多发生于中青年,易复发,临床表现为软组织质硬包块,部分皮肤伴溃疡,好发于四肢,超声表现为软组织内弱回声团块,边界多不清楚,形态多不规则,内部回声多不均匀,常伴液化,偶伴钙化,血流信号较丰富。掌握其临床及超声特征有助于提高诊断准确率。     

Diagnostic efficacy of different pathologic methods for assessing tissue obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: a prospective study

Aims: The best method for processing specimens by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has not been standardized and varies considerably between medical centers. The purpose of this study is to explore whether a combination of histologic and cytologic methods can increase the diagnostic efficacy of EUS-FNA in solid lesions around the digestive tract. Methods: We recruited 52 patients (65 cases total) with solid lesions around the digestive tract who underwent EUS-FNA as performed by the same endoscopic physician from December 2016 to January 2018. All the EUS-FNA specimens were processed by conventional smear cytology (CS), liquid-based cytology (LBC), cell block (CB), and histopathology. All the pathologic results were tracked to investigate the diagnostic value of the methods. Results: Fifty-three malignant lesions and 12 benign lesions were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy levels of the CS, LBC, CB, and histopathology were 96.9%, 89.2%, 91.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. CS had a higher diagnostic accuracy than CB (P < 0.05) and LBC (P < 0.05). The cytologic methods had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than histopathology (P < 0.05). The combined diagnostic accuracy of all the methods was 100%. The diagnostic sensitivities of the CS, LBC, CB and histopathology were 96.2%, 86.8%, 90.4%, and 37.2%, respectively, and the diagnostic specificity of each of the four methods was 100%. Conclusions: Different pathological methods can compensate for one another, substantially improving the overall positive detection rate of EUS-FNA. Combining cytology and histology can contribute additional diagnostic efficacy to EUS-FNA in solid lesions around the digestive tract.     

Curing potential and color stability of different resin-based luting materials

PurposeTo determine the curing potential and color stability of resin-based luting materials for aesthetic restorations.Material and MethodsFour resin-based luting agents were tested: traditional dual-activated resin cement (RelyX ARC, ARC), amine-free dual-activated resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, ULT), light-activated resin cement (RelyX Veneer, VEN), and pre-heated restorative resin composite (Filtek Supreme, PHC). Degree of C = C conversion was determined by infrared spectroscopy (n = 3) with direct light exposure or with interposition of 1.5-mm-thick ceramic (e.max Press HT) between the luting material and light. The curing potential considered the ratio between these two scenarios. Color difference (n = 6) was determined by CIELAB (ΔE_ab) and CIEDE2000 (ΔE₀₀) methods, by spectrophotometer measurements made 24 h after photoactivation and 90 days after storage in water. Data was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe luting agents affected both conversion and color stability. With ceramic, ARC produced the highest conversion among the tested groups (75 ± 1%) and the pre-heated composite (PHC) the lowest one (51 ± 3%), but the curing potential was similar for all materials. ULT produced lower ΔE_ab than ARC. PHC presented the lowest color difference when considered both CIELAB and CIE2000 methods (ΔE_ab 2.1 ± 0.4; ΔE₀₀ 1.6 ± 0.2).SignificanceAll luting strategies presented high curing potential. Amine-free dual-activated material was able to reduce color difference than that formulated with the amine component. Pre-heated composite produced the least color variation after storage.     

Color changes of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyoxymethelene (POM) denture resins on single and combined staining/cleansing action by CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas

PurposeThe purpose of study was to investigate the long-term effect of staining and/or cleansing solutions on the color stability of two non-metal removable partial denture materials.MethodsOne hundred disks (25×3 mm) of polyoxymethylene (POM) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were immersed in water, wine, coffee, cleanser and combo bath, simulating normal daily use. Color parameters in the CIELAB system was measured every 30 cycles up to 240 using a contact colorimeter and color differences estimated using ΔE_ab and ΔE₀₀ formulas. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs and regression analyses were performed at α = 0.05.ResultsRegression analysis indicated a strong R² between color changes and number of cycles, for both materials. Tests of within-subjects effects for the ΔE_ab revealed significant differences among cycles and between the materials in the wine and coffee baths (p < 0.001). Significant materialXcycles interactions were also recorded with all staining baths. ΔE₀₀ values were lower than ΔE_ab up to 63.6%. Tests within and between-subjects effects for the ΔE₀₀ gave similar but not the same with ΔE_ab results.ConclusionsΔE₀₀ found to correlate well with ΔE_ab. Long term exposure of both materials showed a progressive discoloration in all except control baths. POM discolored more than PEEK in coffee, and combo baths but not in cleanser. Discoloration was smaller in combo bath (where a cleanser was also used) indicating the effectiveness of a cleanser to prevent long term discoloration of both materials.