二尖瓣位机械瓣梗阻的彩色多普勒评价

目的评价彩色多普勒超声在诊断二尖瓣位机械瓣(单叶碟瓣)梗阻的价值。方法对比二尖瓣位机械瓣梗阻12例的彩色多普勒超声结果与手术所见。结果左心长轴切面和心尖四腔切面可较清晰地显示二尖瓣位机械瓣梗阻患者的瓣叶活动显著受限,瓣叶开放角度平均10°(0°-25°),彩色血流束呈单束或双束狭窄的边缘血流束,无瓣周漏及中度以上的瓣关闭不全,最大跨瓣血流速度及压差无显著改变:术中见12例瓣叶均被“卡”在近关闭状态位,开放角度小于300°,瓣周纤维肉芽组织增生伴血栓形成,瓣口狭小(0-0．5mm),其中4例瓣口及瓣周完全被血栓块“封堵”。结论彩色多普勒超声心动图显示机械瓣梗阻特征为瓣叶开放角度和幅度显著减小,瓣口呈边缘性狭窄血流束,与手术所见一致,但瓣口血流速度及压差指数等特异改变在彩色多普勒超声心动图不明显;虽然彩色多普勒超声心动图对异常增生组织和血栓的显示不清晰,但仍不失为诊断二尖瓣位机械瓣梗阻的简便有效的手段。     

Hepatic Angiomyolipomas: Ultrasonic Characteristics of 25 Patients from a Single Center

Twenty-five pathologically proven hepatic angiomyolipomas (AMLs) were included in the study. Ultrasonic features of hepatic AMLs were reviewed. Three types of echogenicity were observed on ultrasound examination: (i) strong hyper-echogenicity, (ii) moderate hyper-echogenicity and (iii) hypo-echogenicity. Vascular signals within tumors could be detected in 22 (88.00%) tumors as multiple punctiform, filiform or dendriform signals by color Doppler flow imaging. Based on the enhancement patterns in the arterial, portal and late phases, the features of hepatic AMLs on contrast-enhanced ultrasound were divided into four subtypes: (i) “fast in slow out” (68.00%, n = 17); (ii) “fast in same out” (16%, n = 4); (iii) “fast in fast out” (12.00%, n = 3); and (iv) “fast in uneven out” (4.00%, n = 1). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound diagnosed 22 (88.00%) tumors as benign tumors and 13 (52.00%) as hepatic AMLs. Four cases were misdiagnosed as hepatic hemangioma, five cases as focal nodular hyperplasia (total = 36.00%). The rate of correct diagnosis of hepatic AMLs increased significantly from 24.00% for ultrasound alone to 52.00% for contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Therefore, information obtained from ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound should be combined to improve diagnosis.     

多发性大动脉炎的彩色多普勒超声诊断价值

目的探讨多发性大动脉炎的二维及彩色多普勒超声特征.方法回顾分析昆明医科大学附属延安医院影像科14例经临床证实的多发性大动脉炎患者周围血管和心脏的彩色多普勒超声影像资料.结果 (1)病变段动脉内膜-中层弥漫性增厚,回声偏低,管腔狭窄或闭塞,病变段与非病变段分界清晰,彩色多普勒显示相应的血流动力学改变;(2)受累心脏心腔增大,室壁增厚、运动减弱,左心室收缩、舒张功能减低.结论彩色多普勒超声可实时、准确、直观地显示多发性大动脉炎患者受累血管及心脏的病变性质、范围和程度,是临床诊断多发性大动脉炎的首选检查方法.     

彩色多普勒超声在活体肝移植术中的应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在活体肝移植术中的应用价值.方法 选用彩色多普勒手术专用探头,在33例亲体肝移植术中观察记录肝中静脉及其分支结构的解剖信息,监测11例供肝植入血管重建后疑似肝血流异常病例的血管血流通畅情况.结果 术中确认37例供体(其中双供体肝移植4例)肝中静脉全程走行并指导供肝切除分界线的选择;手术结束前发现1例肝动脉部分血栓形成、1例肝动脉痉挛、1例门静脉扭曲、1例门静脉急性血栓形成、1例门静脉远端陈旧性机化血栓未彻底取除、1例门静脉吻合口成角狭窄.结论 在活体肝移植术中运用彩色多普勒超声可以指导选择最佳的肝脏切面,避免损伤重要结构,准确的评估血管吻合后血流的通畅情况.     

彩色多普勒超声测量背深静脉在诊断阴茎静脉性勃起功能障碍中的作用

目的 评估彩色多普勒超声测量阴茎背深静脉在对静脉性勃起功能障碍(ED)诊断中的价值.方法 回顾应用彩色多普勒超声及阴茎海绵体造影检查70例临床疑似静脉性ED患者注射药物后的阴茎勃起情况,按不同的CDUS检查方法将本组患者分为两组:未测背深静脉诊断静脉性ED组和测量背深静脉诊断静脉性ED组,并与CG结果进行比较.结果 CDUS未测量背深静脉诊断为静脉性ED灵敏度为45.46％,特异度为100％,与CG之间一致性较差(Kappa=0.382),测量背深静脉后诊断为静脉性ED灵敏度为100％,特异度为76.92％,与CG之间一致性较好(Kappa=0.807).结论 CDUS测量背深静脉在诊断静脉性ED中起到重要的作用.     

彩色多普勒超声在椎动脉粥样硬化诊断中的研究进展

后循环缺血（PCI）是一种临床常见病和多发病,系指椎基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作和脑梗死。椎动脉粥样硬化是PCI常见的病因之一。 PCI的影像学检查包括经颅多普勒超声（TCD）、数字减影血管造影术（DSA）、计算机控制体层摄影造影术（CTA）、磁共振血管造影术（MRA）及彩色多普勒超声（CDU）等。TCD可作为PCI的初步筛查工具,DSA是目前椎动脉疾病诊断的“金标准”;CTA和DSA同属有创检查,且都需要造影剂,不易被患者接受;MRA属于无创检查,但其可能夸大血管狭窄程度;CDU可较准确测量椎动脉内径及评价血流动力学参数,可作为PCI无创伤性的检查手段,具有直接、准确、方便及可重复性等优点,为PCI的明确诊断和疗效评价提供客观依据。就CDU在椎动脉粥样硬化患者诊断中的研究进展作一综述。     

Blood flow velocity in monocular retinoblastoma assessed by color doppler

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the flow of retrobulbar vessels in retinoblastoma by color Doppler imaging.

METHODS:

A prospective study of monocular retinoblastoma treated by enucleation between 2010 and 2014. The examination comprised fundoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography and color Doppler imaging. The peak blood velocities in the central retinal artery and central retinal vein of tumor-containing eyes (tuCRAv and tuCRVv, respectively) were assessed. The velocities were compared with those for normal eyes (nlCRAv and nlCRVv) and correlated with clinical and pathological findings. Tumor dimensions in the pathological sections were compared with those in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography and were correlated with tuCRAv and tuCRVv. In tumor-containing eyes, the resistivity index in the central retinal artery and the pulse index in the central retinal vein were studied in relation to all variables.

RESULTS:

Eighteen patients were included. Comparisons between tuCRAv and nlCRAv and between tuCRVv and nlCRVv revealed higher velocities in tumor-containing eyes (p<0.001 for both), with a greater effect in the central retinal artery than in the central retinal vein (p=0.024). Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography measurements were as reliable as pathology assessments (p=0.675 and p=0.375, respectively). A positive relationship was found between tuCRAv and the tumor volume (p=0.027). The pulse index in the central retinal vein was lower in male patients (p=0.017) and in eyes with optic nerve invasion (p=0.0088).

CONCLUSIONS:

TuCRAv and tuCRVv are higher in tumor-containing eyes than in normal eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography measurements are reliable. The tumor volume is correlated with a higher tuCRAv and a reduced pulse in the central retinal vein is correlated with male sex and optic nerve invasion.     

老年短暂性脑缺血患者颈动脉结构与血流动力学参数对认知功能的影响

目的：探讨老年短暂性脑缺血(TIA)患者颈动脉结构与血流动力学参数对认知功能的影响。方法48例老年TIA患者均接受超声检查,并接受简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分及威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)评测。根据患者颈动脉狭窄程度将其分为无狭窄-轻度狭窄组(32例)及中重度狭窄组(16例),观察患者颈动脉狭窄及血流动力学指标,比较不同程度颈动脉狭窄患者MMSE评分及WCST各项指标的差异。结果(1)无狭窄-轻度狭窄者血流速度(PSV)显著高于中重度狭窄者,搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)显著低于中重度狭窄者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)无狭窄-轻度狭窄者MMSE评分为(27.65±7.86)分,显著高于中重度狭窄者的(24.56±6.54)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);WCST各项指标比较,无狭窄-轻度狭窄者完成分类数、概念化水平显著高于WCST中重度狭窄者,错误应答数、持续性错误数及持续性应答数显著低于中重度狭窄者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)颈动脉狭窄程度与MMSE评分存在显著负相关(r=-0.393,P<0.05),与WCST指标持续性应答数间存在显著正相关(r=0.423,P<0.05)。血流动力学指标PSV与MMSE评分存在显著负相关(r=-0.411,P<0.05),与WCST指标持续性应答数间存在显著正相关(r=0.402,-0.05)。结论老年TIA颈动脉狭窄及血流动力学指标与其认知功能间关系密切,颈动脉狭窄程度越重,血流动力学指标改变越明显,患者认知功能障碍越严重。     

糖尿病并发缺血性卒中患者下肢动脉病变的彩超特征研究

目的:探究糖尿病并发缺血性卒中患者下肢动脉病变的彩超特征。方法:选取我院于2014年3月至2014年11月收治的82例糖尿病患者作为此次研究对象,按照基本状况分为两组,观察组为糖尿病并发缺血性卒中患者,对照组为糖尿病患者,每组41例。对两组患者均行彩色多普勒超声检查,对比两组患者的动脉粥样硬化发生率、不同类型斑块发生率、血管内径和厚度以及血管狭窄情况。结果:研究组胫前动脉、胫后动脉、足背动脉粥样硬化的发生率均比对照组高(P<0.05)。研究组粥样硬化软斑和硬斑的发生率高于对照组(P<0.05),而混合斑的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉和足背动脉的内径均小于对照组(P<0.05),厚度大于对照组(P<0.05),研究组胫前动脉、胫后动脉和足背动脉的O级狭窄的比例大于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ级狭窄的比例小于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者的股总动脉、股浅动脉、腘动脉的粥样硬化发生率、股总动脉、股浅动脉的内径与厚度比较和股总动脉和股浅动脉的狭窄情况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:彩超检查糖尿病并发缺血性卒中患者下肢动脉病变临床价值高,值得进一步推广。