233例结直肠腺瘤摘除术后随访和内镜监测的临床分析

目的 了解结直肠腺瘤(CRA)摘除后复发情况和结肠镜监测现状,探讨CRA复发的相关危险因素.方法 收集2005年6月至2009年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院符合研究标准283例CRA摘除住院患者临床资料并进行随访.统计分析CRA摘除后复发率,结肠镜监测间期和CRA复发的关系及CRA复发的相关危险因素;分析肠镜监测组监测间期、频次,及未行监测的原因.结果 共随访CRA摘除后患者235例,随访率83.0％(235/283),其中生存患者233例,随访时间最短者12个月,最长66个月,随访时间中位数为(35.1±14.2)个月.结肠镜监测组患者115例,监测率为49.4％(115/233),复发率45.0％(50/111),未监测组118例;年龄≥60岁、体重指数≥25kg/m2、多发腺瘤(≥2个)与CRA复发明显相关,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别=4.299、5.291和8.883,P值分别=0.038、0.021和0.027);未监测组患者对CRA需要定期监测的知晓率明显低于监测组,差异有统计学意义(x2=37.819,P＜0.01).结论 CRA摘除术后复发率较高;高龄、高体重指数、多发腺瘤是预测CRA复发的独立危险因素;我院CRA摘除后结肠镜监测率低,主要原因在于患者对CRA摘除后定期监测重要性的认识不足.     

Incomplete colonoscopy: Maximizing completion rates of gastroenterologists

BACKGROUND

Cecal intubation is one of the goals of a quality colonoscopy; however, many factors increasing the risk of incomplete colonoscopy have been implicated. The implications of missed pathology and the demand on health care resources for return colonoscopies pose a conundrum to many physicians. The optimal course of action after incomplete colonoscopy is unclear.

OBJECTIVES:

To assess endoscopic completion rates of previously incomplete colonoscopies, the methods used to complete them and the factors that led to the previous incomplete procedure.

METHODS:

All patients who previously underwent incomplete colonoscopy (2005 to 2010) and were referred to St Paul’s Hospital (Vancouver, British Columbia) were evaluated. Colonoscopies were re-attempted by a single endoscopist. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS:

A total of 90 patients (29 males) with a mean (± SD) age of 58±13.2 years were included in the analysis. Thirty patients (33%) had their initial colonoscopy performed by a gastroenterologist. Indications for initial colonoscopy included surveillance or screening (23%), abdominal pain (15%), gastrointestinal bleeding (29%), change in bowel habits or constitutional symptoms (18%), anemia (7%) and chronic diarrhea (8%). Reasons for incomplete colonoscopy included poor preparation (11%), pain or inadequate sedation (16%), tortuous colon (30%), diverticular disease (6%), obstructing mass (6%) and stricturing disease (10%). Reasons for incomplete procedures in the remaining 21% of patients were not reported by the referring physician. Eighty-seven (97%) colonoscopies were subsequently completed in a single attempt at the institution. Seventy-six (84%) colonoscopies were performed using routine manoeuvres, patient positioning and a variable-stiffness colonoscope (either standard or pediatric). A standard 160 or 180 series Olympus gastroscope (Olympus, Japan) was used in five patients (6%) to navigate through sigmoid diverticular disease; a pediatric colonoscope was used in six patients (7%) for similar reasons. Repeat colonoscopy on the remaining three patients (3%) failed: all three required surgery for strictures (two had obstructing malignant masses and one had a severe benign obstructing sigmoid diverticular stricture).

CONCLUSION:

Most patients with previous incomplete colonoscopy can undergo a successful repeat colonoscopy at a tertiary care centre with instruments that are readily available to most gastroenterologists. Other modalities for evaluation of the colon should be deferred until a second attempt is made at an expert centre.     

二氧化碳灌注提高老年患者结肠镜检查舒适度的随机对照研究

背景：常规空气灌注式结肠镜检查往往会造成不同程度的腹痛、腹胀等不适,探求更好的结肠镜检查方式具有重要临床意义。目的：评价二氧化碳（CO2）灌注用于老年患者结肠镜检查的舒适度和安全性。方法：98例老年患者随机分为4组,各组基线情况基本一致,分别以空气或CO2为注气媒介,辅以或不辅以镇痛药行结肠镜检查。以直观模拟量表（VAS）评价检查中和检查后5、10、15、20min腹痛、腹胀情况。每组分别随机选取8例患者,8例于检查后10min行动脉血气分析,另8例于检查后60min拍摄腹部X线平片评价肠管扩张程度。结果：CO2组和CO2＋镇痛组各时点腹痛、腹胀VAS评分以及检查后肠管扩张程度评分分别显著低于空气组和空气＋镇痛组（P〈0．01）,CO2＋镇痛组检查中腹痛、腹胀VAS评分显著低于CO2组（P〈0．05）。四组间各项结肠镜操作参数以及动脉血pH值和PCO2差异无统计学意义,且均无严重并发症发生。结论：CO2灌注式结肠镜检查用于老年患者安全、有效,舒适度较空气灌注式结肠镜检查明显提高。     

22例伪膜性结肠炎临床特征分析

背景:我国不合理使用抗生素的现象严重,抗生素相关性腹泻如伪膜性结肠炎(PMC)的发病率呈上升趋势。目的:综合分析PMC的临床特征以提高其诊治水平。方法:收集2007年6月～2012年2月于湖南省人民医院住院治疗,经结肠镜检查确诊的PMC患者,对其病史资料进行回顾性分析。结果:共22例PMC患者纳入研究,其中70岁以上者18例(81.8%),18例患者存在基础疾病。所有患者均于使用抗生素过程中出现腹泻,并可伴有不同程度的腹痛、发热、血便等其他症状。使用头孢菌素类抗生素者最多见(14例),20例患者联合使用两种或两种以上抗生素。21例接受结肠镜检查者均可见典型伪膜样病灶,内镜分型轻度9例,中度7例,重度5例。经停用原有抗生素以及使用甲硝唑、万古霉素、益生菌制剂等治疗后,21例患者好转出院。结论:PMC多发生于有基础疾病的老年人,病程早期缺乏特异性临床表现。结肠镜检查是诊断PMC的重要手段之一,确诊后应尽早停用原有抗生素,使用足量、足疗程的甲硝唑和万古霉素以及益生菌制剂。     

莫沙比利和聚乙二醇在肠镜检查前肠道准备中的联合应用价值研究

目的 探讨联用莫沙比利与聚乙二醇对功能性疾病导致便秘倾向患者进行结肠镜检查的肠道准备是否比单用聚乙二醇能取得更好的清肠效果.方法 将212例拟行结肠镜检查的患者随机纳入治疗组与对照组,治疗组在服用莫沙比利10 mg半小时后,服用聚乙二醇3L,对照组直接服用聚乙二醇3L清肠.调查患者是否具有便秘倾向,分别记录两组患者及两组中具有便秘倾向者首次大便时间、大便清澈时间、大便次数、服药过程中的不良反应程度以及由内镜操作医师评估肠道准备情况.结果 治疗组患者首次大便时间、大便清澈时间短于对照组(P＜0.05),但两组患者清肠效果、排便次数及不良反应差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对照组与治疗组中有便秘倾向患者分别占26.61％和26.67％,治疗组便秘倾向患者首次大便时间、大便清澈时间短于对照组便秘倾向患者(P＜0.05),清肠效果亦优于对照组便秘倾向患者(P＜0.05),而在排便次数及不良反应上二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对功能性疾病导致便秘倾向患者进行结肠镜检查肠道准备,联用莫沙比利和聚乙二醇相比单用聚乙二醇,可以缩短患者首次大便时间及大便清澈时间,并能提高患者肠道准备效果.     

What interval between colorectal cancer resection and first surveillance colonoscopy? An audit of practice and yield

Aim Colonoscopic follow‐up after colorectal cancer resection (CRC) is recommended to screen for anastomotic recurrence and metachronous neoplasia, although guidelines vary in the timings of the first investigation. We aimed to quantify current practice and yield of neoplasia at first colonoscopy in relation to time from original resection. Method We conducted a retrospective case note study of all CRCs treated with curative intent within our hospital between two time periods: 2001–2003 and 2006–2007. Variables collected were the extent of preoperative luminal imaging, tumour site, procedure, timing and findings of initial colonoscopy, postoperative CT findings and mortality. The first follow‐up colonoscopy findings including neoplasia formation and recurrence rates were matched with rates of complete preoperative luminal imaging. Two‐year and 5‐year outcomes were sought. Results A total of 863 patients underwent CRC with curative intent within these two time periods (518 vs 345). Colonoscopic follow‐up rates by 2 years were 32.8%vs 54.1%. Within the first cohort 63.5% of patients underwent colonoscopy by 5 years. Significant volumes of neoplasia and resectable recurrences were found before 2 years within these groups. Earlier detection of recurrent malignancy was associated with an improved patient outcome. Complete preoperative screening of the bowel was not associated with a lower incidence of neoplasia at first postoperative colonoscopy. Conclusion Our study demonstrates significant colonoscopic detection rates of neoplasia within 2 years of CRC. Patient outcomes were improved with earlier detection. We would therefore suggest an interval of no more than 2 years between resection and first surveillance colonoscopy.     

二氧化碳充气在妇科术后无痛结肠镜检中的安全性研究

目的 比较妇科手术后行结肠镜检查中注入空气与二氧化碳(carbon dioxide,CO2)的效果. 方法 选取我院妇科手术后行常规无痛结肠镜检查患者62例,采用随机数字表法分为C02组和空气组(每组31例),结肠镜检查中分别注入C02、空气.记录两组患者结肠镜检查成功率、操作时间、丙泊酚用量、恢复时间及检查后不同时间的腹痛程度,比较检查前后HR、MAP、Sp02、经皮二氧化碳分压(transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure,PtcC02)的变化,VAS评估检查后15 min、1h、3h、6h及24 h腹痛程度. 结果 两组患者检查成功率、操作时间、丙泊酚用量和恢复时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组患者检查前、检查中及检查后HR、MAP、Sp02、PtcCO2差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);C02组患者检查后15 min、1h、3h、6h、24 h时点VAS评分均显著低于空气组[(21.6±9.5)分比(46.7±14.1)分、(14.4±5.4)分比(32.6±9.6)分、(9.1±3.6)分比(22.9±8.4)分、(4.3±1.1)分比(9.7±3.5)分、(2.3±1.1)分比(4.1±1.9)分](P＜0.05). 结论 妇科术后患者行无痛结肠镜检查时注入CO2代替空气安全有效,且能减轻检查后腹痛程度.