封堵器联合覆膜支架和弹簧圈治疗胸腔内锁骨下动脉瘤

目的探讨用封堵器联合覆膜支架和弹簧圈治疗临近主动脉弓的锁骨下假性动脉瘤的价值。方法经左侧肱动脉通路将室间隔封堵器植于锁骨下动脉起始段,封堵动脉瘤入口;经股动脉通路植入覆膜支架加强封堵效果;再经左侧肱动脉通路以弹簧钢圈封闭假性动脉瘤出口。结果左锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤入口、开口完全封闭,无内漏,无脑部症状,上肢无明显缺血表现。结论封堵器联合覆膜支架和钢圈的"三介入法"治疗临近主动脉弓的左锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤,具有微创操作、封闭彻底、机械结构稳定、手术安全性高等优点。     

血管内栓塞治疗多发性颅内动脉瘤

目的评价血管内栓塞治疗多发性颅内动脉瘤的安全性与有效性。方法回顾性分析经血管内栓塞治疗16例多发性颅内动脉瘤（共38个动脉瘤）患者的临床资料。36个动脉瘤在前循环,2例病人分别有1个动脉瘤在后循环。根据Hunt—Hess评分,Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级2例。结果15例病人一次性将所有动脉瘤栓塞,1例仅栓塞责任动脉瘤,未能栓塞的动脉瘤二期手术夹闭。无死亡病例,临床随访6个月以上,所有病例无再出血;预后按GOS评分,良好11例,轻残3例,重残1例,植物生存1例。结论血管内栓塞治疗多发性颅内动脉瘤是安全有效的。诊断明确后应尽早治疗责任动脉瘤;然后再根据未破裂动脉瘤的处理原则,选择性栓塞其它未破裂动脉瘤。     

栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤术中并发症的原因分析与防治

目的：探讨颅内脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗术中并发症发生的原因,提高脑动脉瘤栓塞治疗的成功率。方法：自2002年9月至2008年10月,弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤276例。其中,电解弹簧圈（GDC、EDC）栓塞122例,水解弹簧圈（Mi—croPlex、HydroCoil）栓塞110俐,两种弹簧固混合栓塞44例。相对宽颈动脉瘤采用双傲导管技术栓塞4例,球囊辅助（Remodeling）技术栓塞12例。结果：术中发生并发症12例,其中动脉瘤破裂出血6例,血栓形成2例,弹簧圈脱出2例,严重脑血管痉挛2例。影像上致密栓塞226例,栓塞90％以上38例,栓塞80％以上12例。12例并发症患者中2例轻度瘫痪,1俐重残,2例死亡。结论：CTA结合DSA可增加硕内脑动脉瘤的检出率,有助于制定介入栓塞治疗的策略。规范操作可大大减少术中并发症的发生,提高脑动脉瘤栓塞治疗的成功率。     

正交鸟笼头线圈质量控制检测与建立处置界限的初步实践

目的 对正交鸟笼头线圈进行检测,设立其性能指标的处置界限,以建立有效的质量控制方法。方法 采用MR设备1（GE 1.5T HDi）、设备2（GE 3.0T HD）和设备3（GE 3.0T 750W）所配备的正交鸟笼头线圈对标准ACR模体行轴位T1W序列扫描,扫描6次检测SNR、图像均匀度百分比（PIU）和信号伪影百分比（PSG）,计算其均值和标准差,建立每个指标的处置界限。结果 设备1、设备2和设备3正交鸟笼头线圈的SNR均值分别为262.14、280.47和474.24,标准差分别为18.43、29.67和29.95,建立的处置界限分别为 ≥ 225.28、≥ 221.13和 ≥ 414.34;PIU均值分别为95.00%、83.17%和84.33%,标准差分别为0.63%、1.17%和0.82%,建立的处置界限分别为 ≥ 93.74%、≥ 82.00%（修正后）和 ≥ 82.69%;PSG均值分别为0.11%、0.07%和0.14%,标准差分别为0.12%、0.03%和0.11%,建立的处置界限分别为 ≤ 0.35%、≤ 0.13%和 ≤ 0.36%。结论 3台设备正交鸟笼头线圈的SNR、PSG和PIU值均满足建立的处置界限要求。     

Comparison of platinum and first-generation Matrix coils in under-packed canine side-wall aneurysms: evaluation of progressive thrombosis

Introduction There is much speculation in reference to the occurrence and mechanisms of progressive aneurysm occlusion after treatment with bioactive coils. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies documenting the impact on progressive occlusion in aneurysms that are intentionally under-packed. Methods A total of 24 experimental side-wall aneurysms were created in canine common carotid arteries. Of these 24, 9 were treated with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) and 15 with first-generation Matrix (Matrix1) coils to packing densities of 22% or less. Angiograms were obtained immediately after treatment and again at the time of explant at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks, and were graded utilizing the Raymond scale. At the time of the final angiography and explant all aneurysms were histologically processed and evaluated. Results At the conclusion of initial coiling, near or complete occlusion was achieved in 7 of the 15 aneurysms (47%) treated with Matrix1 coils and in 2 of the 9 (22%) treated with GDC. Of the aneurysms that were incompletely occluded, six of eight (75%) treated with Matrix1 coils and two of seven (29%) treated with GDC showed progressive thrombosis at explant. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that the aneurysms treated with Matrix1 coils had increased fibrocellular tissue and inflammation, with less histological recanalization or vascular spaces, relative to those treated with GDC. Conclusion Experimental wide-necked side-wall canine aneurysms suboptimally treated with first-generation Matrix1 coils had a higher incidence of progressive occlusion and on histological analysis showed evidence of more advanced thrombus organization than did those treated with GDC.     

Endovascular therapy of brain AVMs prior to radiosurgery

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to determine the safety and efficacy of embolization ofbrain A VMs prior to radiosurgery and to evaluate the total obliteration rate achieved. The brain AVMs of 64 patients were subselectively embolized mainly with NBCAI platinum microcoils and/or PVA. The aim of embolization was the reduction of the target volume and/or the elimination of vascljlar structures bearing an increased risk of hemorrhage. Presenting symptoms were intracranial hemorrhage in 33 patientsl a seizure disorder in 21 patients, and headache in 6 patients. Four AVMs had been detected as an incidental finding. The initial AVM volume was in the range of 0.5 to 84 cc (mean 17 cc). Grading of the AVMs according to the Spetzler-Martin scale showed the following distribution: grade II 3x; III 13x; 1111 11 x; IVI 17x; V, 4x; VII 16 x. A total of 300 endovascular procedures including 47 subselective catheterizations without and 253 with embolization were performed. A size reduction of the A VMs between-l0% and 95% (mean 63%1 median 70%) was achieved. Neurological symptoms due to treatment complications were transient in 12 patientsl of minor clinical significance but permanent in 4 patients. Following radiosurgery, one patient died due to recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Three patients are doing well but refused final follow-up angiography. A total of30 patients is currently within the latency interval after radiosurgery. Radiosurgery failed to obliterate the embolized AVMs in 16 patients. Angiography confirmed complete nidus obliteration in 14 patients. The endovascular treatment of brain AVMs prior to radiosurgery proved safe and effective and may be considered in either high grade or incidental AVMs. AVM obliteration after embolization and radiosurgery is less frequently achieved than after stereotactic irradiation of primarily small AVMs. [Neural Res 1998; 20: 479-492]     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞基底动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤

目的探讨支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞基底动脉分叉部动脉瘤的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2012年9月我科按照基底动脉分叉部动脉瘤不同形态采用不同支架技术治疗的23例动脉瘤患者的临床资料。这23例均为囊性宽颈动脉瘤,其中采用单侧支辅助弹簧圈栓塞16例,单侧支架＋微导管或微导丝辅助栓塞2例,双侧支架辅助栓塞5例。结果23例动脉瘤均成功栓塞。术后即刻栓塞结果：Raymond Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级10例。术中动脉瘤破裂1例,手术后6d死亡。22例患者出院时改良Rankin评分为0～1分。16例患者进行影像学随访1～46月,平均13．5月,其中动脉瘤不显影10例,改善2例,稳定3例,复发1例;无再出血及新发神经功能障碍。结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗基底动脉分又部宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

Solitaire支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床分析

目的总结Solitaire支架辅助栓塞颅内宽动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2011年l月至2012年12月应用Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的16例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者的临床资料,应用弹簧圈微导管穿越支架网孔技术栓塞10例,支架平行释放技术栓塞6例。结果 16例患者支架均成功放置,无手术相关并发症;动脉瘤完全填塞8例,大部分填塞6例,部分填塞2例。16例病人术后随访3-15个月,复查DSA未见动脉瘤显影,动脉瘤颈部与弹簧圈之间没有造影剂充盈;未发生支架相关的并发症。结论 Solitaire支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、可靠,短期临床疗效较好。     

Pediatric Cardiovascular Embolization Therapy

Transcatheter embolization of superfluous vascular structures has assumed an important role in pediatric interventional cardiology. A variety of devices and materials are being used to treat an increasing number of unwanted arterial, venous, and surgically created vascular connections. In general, the occlusion techniques are simple, the results are good, and the complication rates are low. The current indications, devices, materials, methods, applications, and results of pediatric cardiovascular embolization therapy are described.     

应用Neuroform颅内专用支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内梭形和宽颈动脉瘤

目的探讨Neuroform颅内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈和梭形动脉瘤的应用价值.方法本组宽颈和梭形动脉瘤45例,采用微导管技术将支架两端跨越动脉瘤颈后释放.18例通过支架的网眼将微导管置入动脉瘤内;27例采用平行技术先将微导管置入动脉瘤,再释放支架,然后通过微导管填塞弹簧圈,术后随访3个月～4年.其中椎动脉巨大宽颈动脉瘤3例,基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤5例,后循环多发动脉瘤2例,眼动脉瘤5例,床突上段动脉瘤13例,后交通动脉瘤17例.结果45例动脉瘤致密填塞36例,9例大部填塞,术后患者均恢复良好,随访均无再出血及3例出现血栓栓塞症状.结论Neuroform颅内支架结合弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈和梭形动脉瘤安全有效的方法.