Pediatric button battery ingestion: A single center experience and risk score to predict severe outcomes

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the management and outcomes of primary button battery ingestions and their sequelae at a single high-volume center, and to propose a risk score to predict the likelihood of a severe outcome.MethodsThe medical record was queried for all patients under 21 years old evaluated at our institution for button battery ingestion from 2008 to 2021. A severe outcome was defined as having at least one of the following: deep/circumferential mucosal erosion, perforation, mediastinitis, vascular or airway injury/fistula, or development of esophageal stricture. From a selection of clinically relevant factors, logistic regression determined predictors of a severe outcome, which were incorporated into a risk model.Results143 patients evaluated for button battery ingestion were analyzed. 24 (17%) had a severe outcome. The independent predictors of a severe outcome in multivariate analysis were location of battery in the esophagus on imaging (96%), battery size >/ = 2 cm (95%), and presence of any symptoms on presentation (96%), with P < 0.001 in all cases. Predicted probability of a severe outcome ranged from 88% when all three risk factors were observed, to 0.3% when none were present.ConclusionWe report the presentation, management, and complication profiles of a large cohort of BB ingestions treated at a single institution. A risk score to predict severe outcomes may be used by providers initially evaluating patients with button battery ingestion in order to allocate resources and expedite transfer to a center with pediatric endoscopic and surgical capabilities.Level of evidenceLevel IV.Type of studyClinical Research Paper.     

Prenatal Sonography in Suspected Proximal Gastrointestinal Obstructions: Diagnostic Accuracy and Neonatal Outcomes

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess diagnostic accuracy and neonatal outcomes in fetuses with a suspected proximal gastrointestinal obstruction (GIO).MethodsAfter IRB approval, a retrospective chart review was conducted on prenatally suspected and/or postnatally confirmed cases of proximal GIO at a tertiary care facility (2012–2022). Maternal-fetal records were queried for presence of a double bubble ± polyhydramnios, and neonatal outcomes were assessed to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of fetal sonography.ResultsAmong 56 confirmed cases, the median birthweight and gestational age at birth were 2550 g [interquartile range (IQR) 2028–3012] and 37 weeks (IQR 34–38), respectively. There was one (2%) false-positive and three (6%) false-negatives by ultrasound. Double bubble had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for proximal GIO of 85%, 98%, 98%, and 83%, respectively. Pathologies included 49 (88%) with duodenal obstruction/annular pancreas, three (5%) with malrotation, and three (5%) with jejunal atresia. The median postoperative length of stay was 27 days (IQR 19–42). Cardiac anomalies were associated with significantly higher complications (45% vs 17%, p = 0.030).ConclusionsIn this contemporary series, fetal sonography has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting proximal gastrointestinal obstruction. These data are informative for pediatric surgeons in prenatal counseling and preoperative discussions with families.Level of EvidenceDiagnostic Study, Level III.     

Contemporary Epidemiology of and Risk Factors Associated with Removal of a Pathologically Normal Appendix in Children with Suspected Appendicitis

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to characterize contemporary performance benchmarks and risk factors associated with negative appendectomy (NA) in children with suspected appendicitis.MethodsA multicenter retrospective cohort analysis of children undergoing appendectomy for suspected appendicitis was performed using data from the 2016–2021 NSQIP-Pediatric Appendectomy Targeted Public Use Files. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the influence of year, age, sex, and WBC count on NA rate, and to generate rate estimates for NA based on different combinations of demographic characteristics and WBC profiles.Results100,322 patients were included from 140 hospitals. The overall NA rate was 2.4%, and rates decreased significantly during the study period (2016: 3.1% vs. 2021: 2.3%, p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, the highest risk for NA was associated with a normal WBC (<9000/mm³; OR 5.31 [95% CI: 4.87–5.80]), followed by female sex (OR 1.55 [95% CI: 1.42–1.68]) and age <5 years (OR 1.64 [95% CI 1.39, 1.94]). Model-estimated risk for NA varied significantly across demographic and WBC strata, with a 14.4-fold range in rates between subgroups with the lowest and highest predicted risk (males 13–17 years with elevated WBC [1.1%] vs. females 3–4 years with normal WBC [15.8%]).ConclusionsContemporary NA rates have decreased over time, however NA risk remains high in children without a leukocytosis, particularly for girls and children <5 years of age. These data provide contemporary performance benchmarks for NA in children with suspected appendicitis and identify high-risk populations where further efforts to mitigate NA risk should be targeted.Level of EvidenceIII.     

Validation of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification Index (POP-Q-I): a novel interpretation of the POP-Q system for optimization of POP research

Even though very precise at describing pelvic organ position, our criticism to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system is its limited ability to quantify the prolapse itself, since it still classifies prolapse into four stages, almost the same way as Baden and Walker (Clin Obstet Gynecol 15(4):1070-1072, 1972) did in 1972. As a result, the same grade can include a wide prolapse intensity range. The objective of this study was to assess inter-observer reliability in the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification Index (POP-Q-I; Lemos et al., Int Urogynecol J 18(6):609-611, 2007) on a prospective randomized trial. Fifty consecutive women were prospectively examined by two members of the urogynecology staff, blinded to each other's results. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess inter-observer reliability. Excellent correlation coefficients were observed, with an overall coefficient of 96.5% (CI: 0.889-1.042; p < 0.0001). The POP-Q-I is a method that makes POP research more efficient by directly measuring prolapse as a continuous variable, which is statistically more powerful than the categorical variables proposed by the POP-Q system. This study suggests that the POP-Q-I is applicable to clinical POP research.     

Reliability of classification systems for intertrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur in experienced orthopaedic surgeons

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of currently used classification systems for intertrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur, and to determine the reliability of these systems in experienced orthopaedic surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty intertrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur were classified independently by five experienced observers using the AO, Evans, Kyle, and Boyd classification systems on two separate occasions 3 months apart. The interobserver and intraobserver variation was assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: The level of agreement for classification into AO groups was almost perfect or substantial, and higher than other classification systems. When the fractures were further classified using the AO classification with subgroups, reliability became worse. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that the AO classification system with groups can be used more reliably to measure intertrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur than Evans, Kyle, and Boyd classification systems. However, the reliability of the AO classification with subgroups is not satisfactory.     

Classification of proximal tibial fractures in children

Purpose  To develop a classification system for all proximal tibial fractures in children that accounts for force of injury and fracture patterns. Methods  At our institution, 135 pediatric proximal tibia fractures were treated from 1997 to 2005. Fractures were classified into four groups according to the direction of force of injury: valgus, varus, extension, and flexion–avulsion. Each group was subdivided into metaphyseal and physeal type by fracture location and Salter–Harris classification. Also included were tibial tuberosity and tibial spine fractures. Results  Of the 135 fractures, 30 (22.2%) were classified as flexion group, 60 (44.4%) extension group, 28 (20.8%) valgus group, and 17 (12.6%) varus group. The most common type was extension-epiphyseal-intra-articular-tibial spine in 52 fractures (38.5%). This study shows that proximal tibial fractures are age-dependent in relation to: mechanism, location, and Salter–Harris type. In prepubescent children (ages 4–9 years), varus and valgus forces were the predominate mechanism of fracture creation. During the years nearing adolescence (around ages 10–12 years), a fracture mechanism involving extension forces predominated. With pubescence (after age 13 years), the flexion–avulsion pattern is most commonly seen. Furthermore, metaphyseal fractures predominated in the youngest population (ages 3–6 years), with tibial spine fractures occurring at age 10, Salter–Harris type I and II fractures at age 12, and Salter–Harris type III and IV physeal injuries occurring around age 14 years. Conclusion  We propose a new classification scheme that reflects both the direction of force and fracture pattern that appears to be age-dependent. A better understanding of injury patterns based on the age of the child, in conjunction with appropriate pre-operative imaging studies, such as computer-aided tomography, will facilitate the operative treatment of these often complex fractures.     

壤塘县藏区成人大骨节病多个大关节受累与分度的关系研究

目的研究阿坝州壤塘县藏区大骨节病（Kashin-Beck disease,KBD）多个大关节受累与分度之间的相关关系,探索成人大骨节病的合理分级标准,指导临床治疗的可行性。方法由骨科、风湿免疫科和地方病专家联合研究组设计专用调查表,采用现场流行病学调查法,包括一般情况、关节疼痛、视觉模拟疼痛评分（visual analoguescale,VAS）、关节畸形和功能障碍等,随机调查阿坝州壤塘县6个村24～93岁藏族成人大骨节病患者81例,按我国关于成人大骨节病分度标准：Ⅰ度30例,Ⅱ度30例,Ⅲ度21例。大关节定义为肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝共12个关节,其中任何一个关节出现疼痛、畸形或功能障碍即为大关节受累。分别统计Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度大骨节病患者大关节受累关节数和VAS评分。结果全部患者均存在2个以上大关节受累,其中肘关节和膝关节受累最多见,9～12个大关节受累在成人大骨节病Ⅱ度患者中比例最高,肘关节和膝关节疼痛VAS评分在成人大骨节病Ⅱ度患者中最高,踝关节受累和疼痛在Ⅲ度成人大骨节病患者中最重,肩、腕、髋关节受累及VAS评分在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度成人大骨节病患者间无统计学差异,4个以上大关节受累人数在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度成人大骨节病患者间无统计学差异。结论壤塘县藏区成人大骨节病患者常存在多个大关节受累,大关节受累的比例和程度与目前大骨节病分度之间无统一性;有必要对目前成人大骨节病分度进行合理的修订或改进、完善,使之更符合临床诊治并合理指导成人大骨节病的临床治疗。     

上海市浦东新区全科医生甲状腺结节及分化型甲状腺癌相关知识了解情况调查

背景　目前我国甲状腺结节的患病率为20%~76%,已成为内分泌系统的第二大疾病。早发现、早诊断、早治疗是防治甲状腺肿瘤的有效措施,全科医生在其中发挥着重大作用。但是,社区卫生服务中心对甲状腺疾病的管理还存在许多不足之处。目的　了解上海市浦东新区全科医生对甲状腺结节及分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）相关知识的了解情况,发现不足之处并提出改进方法,以期推进甲状腺疾病分级诊疗。方法　于2017-12-20至2018-01-10,依据上海市浦东新区的城乡划分,即城镇地区、城郊结合地区、郊区,使用计算机在各区随机整群抽取3家社区卫生服务中心的全部全科医生为调查对象,采用问卷星形式进行调查,调查内容包括一般资料、甲状腺结节的良恶性评估、甲状腺结节术前及术后管理、DTC术后促甲状腺激素（TSH）抑制治疗和管理及全科医生甲状腺疾病管理能力自我评估。结果　本研究共发放问卷309份,回收307份,有效回收率为99.4%。在全科医生对甲状腺结节良恶性的评估方法的了解情况评估中,对电子计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像及2-氟-2-脱氧D-葡萄糖正电子发射断层显像术,TSH,甲状腺球蛋白的了解程度,不同职称和学历全科医生之间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同职称全科医生对血清降钙素的了解程度比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在全科医生对甲状腺结节术前及术后管理的了解情况评估中,不同职称全科医生对甲状腺结节术前随访时间、细针穿刺抽吸活检适应证和术后TSH抑制治疗、左甲状腺素替代治疗的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同学历全科医生对甲状腺结节术前随访时间、131I治疗的适应证和禁忌证的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在全科医生对DTC术后TSH抑制治疗和管理的了解情况评估中,不同职称全科医生对术后首选L-T4口服制剂、L-T4服用方法、L-T4剂量调整、TSH水平监测的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同学历全科医生对L-T4剂量调整、心脏监测的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。全科医生对甲状腺结节良恶性评估方法的了解情况得分为（19.1±6.9）分、对甲状腺结节术前与术后管理的了解情况得分为（14.0±7.2）分和对DTC术后TSH抑制治疗和管理的了解情况得分为（13.7±8.4）分,不同学历、职称全科医生对这3部分相关知识的了解情况得分以及总分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且不同职称、学历全科医生对甲状腺疾病管理能力自我评估比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　上海市浦东新区全科医生对甲状腺结节及DTC相关知识的了解较为欠缺,尤其是对甲状腺结节患者的术前转诊随访及术后治疗管理、DTC患者术后TSH抑制治疗和管理的了解,且自我评估对甲状腺疾病的管理能力缺乏信心,需要加强学习和临床培训。     

从检索利用角度看机读数据的分类标引工作

 

从用户检索利用的角度分析分类标引工作的质量要求及其进一步深化的可能性，提出相应的质量保证措施。

     

质量管理体系档案资料的分类与收集管理

目的为了适应和增强市场竞争能力,建立良好的质量管理体系,规范实验室的行为,提高疾病控制机构的整体水平。方法论述疾病预防控制机构在质量管理体系活动过程中,如何分类、收集和整理所形成的各类档案资料。结果做好档案资料的规范化管理,便以对质量管理体系的协调性、符合性、充分性、可操作性进行审核,保证质量管理体系持续符合认可准则要求及有效运转。