Substance Use Intervention Failure: A Point of View or How the Cure Becomes the Disease or An Ode to Experts on Incurability or Masking the Disease,Mitigating Someone's Pain but Providing No Basic Cure/Solution

Substance use intervention, both in the private and public sectors, continues to be associated with failure. This paper makes the assumption that: 1) there is a need to systematically consider and explore FAILURE in its various parameters (definitions, characteristics, forms, shapes, potencies, densities, directions, tempos, levels, phases, meanings, and adhesiveness), sources, and “demands” in the broad area of substance use intervention; 2) we can learn from failure (categorizing its processes and outcomes, selecting foci for intervention, and failure's “veracity,” status, transmittability and potential/actual usability over time); and 3) we should continue to repeat this process until there is little need to do so. As times and definitions change, there will never be an end to failure or the need to learn from failure. Failure is considered as a value, and having value, on a multidimensional, dynamic gradient (minimal to maximal), being describable, discernable, catagorizable, understandable, while being-culture-site-ideologically bound/influenced. Exploring FAILURE offers us-in our various substance use intervention roles-the opportunity to learn from what we have done and to more appropiately plan, implement, and assess what we may want to and/or need to know and to do. Examples are given of ongoing sources of built-in substance use intervention failure. A Zen master left his abode with a young disciple. They walked at a fast pace, in quietude, at peace with themselves, meditating. Their goal was to reach their destination before darkness. They approached a river bed; wide but not too wide, full but not too full, which they had to cross. On the bank stood a young woman. She appeared to be too frightened to try crossing to the other side. The Zen master, without breaking his step, approached her, put out his arms, lifted her, carried her across, set her down and continued in his silent walk. He was aware that his disciple had experienced an unpleasantness. He remained silent. When they reached their destination, before nightfall, the Zen master turned to his disciple and said: “What is wrong? Your mood has changed since we crossed the river.” The young disciple, while respectful, could no longer contain himself. “How could you, a man of holiness, lift a woman and carry her in your arms?” The Zen master looked at his disciple with a sense of sadness, kindness and wonder. “Ah, I see. You are still back there.”     

The relationship of selected temperament characteristics to creative potential in preschool children

The relationship of selected temperament characteristics and ideational fluency in preschool children was explored in this study. The subjects were 58 children (31 boys and 27 girls) who ranged in age from 46‐72 months, with a mean age of 57 months. The children were given the Multidimensional Stimulus Fluency Measure to assess creative potential. The parents filled out the Behavioral Style Questionnaire, a measure of preschool children's temperament. Regression analyses revealed that distractibility and adaptability were related to original scores on the patterns subtest of the MSFM, with a multiple r of 0‐40, (p < 005). Temperament was shown to be related to original scores only on those tasks involving tactile manipulation of visible stimuli, but was related to total popular responses. Analyses revealed that distractibility, adaptability, and threshold yielded a multiple r of 0‐37, (p, < 0‐05) with total popular scores on the MSFM.     

纳米磁性材料在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展

磁性药物微球是新型的第四代靶向给药系统。在外磁场作用下,它使药物在体内定位聚集并释放,从而集中在病变部位发挥疗效,具有高效、低毒的特点。对磁性复合材料的制备、特性及磁性材料在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景进行了综述。     

乡村严重自杀未遂者的特征

目的了解乡村严重自杀未遂者的特征并通过比较乡村与非乡村严重自杀未遂者的特征来深入了解2组人群是否相对独立,为制定自杀预防及干预措施提供依据。方法用自制调查表对1所市级、3所县级综合医院诊治的326例严重自杀未遂者进行包括精神科检查在内的2-3小时的调查。结果278例乡村严重自杀未遂者平均年龄(32±13)岁,平均接受正规学校教育(5±3)年,女性占74%,现婚74%,14%有自杀未遂既往史,88%服用农药或鼠药自杀未遂,39%有精神障碍(主要是重性抑郁障碍),13%自杀前曾因心理问题寻求帮助,家庭纠纷和情绪低落是前两位重要的自杀原因。与48例非乡村自杀未遂者相比,乡村组受教育年限短,家庭经济状况差,男性、自杀前一直在工作或学习者、服农药自杀者所占比例高,经历的负性生活事件少,慢性心理压力小(P均小于0.05)。2组在年龄、婚姻状况、自杀意图强度、急性应激强度、自杀前1个月的生命质量、家庭关系、精神疾病患病率等方面的差异无统计学显著性。结论乡村与非乡村严重自杀未遂者的不同特征提示:即使是同样的自杀预防措施,在农村与城镇实施的模式和侧重点应不同。     

“个人医疗账户”比较研究

新加坡是世界上最先采用“个人医疗账户”模式并取得成功的国家，1995年我国开始进行“社会统筹基金和个人医疗账户相结合”的社会医疗保险模式的试点。由于国情不同，两国的“个人医疗账户”在运作过程中形成了一些差别。新加坡的经验有许多值得我们学习和借鉴的东西。结合我国国情，科学设计我们自己的制度，为职工医疗保障制度改革服务。     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血274例临床分析

目的 :探讨自发性蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)患者的临床特征。方法 :回顾性分析了 1986～ 2 0 0 0年湘雅医院2 74例SAH住院患者的病因、临床表现、CT和血管造影检查结果。结果 :病因 :动脉瘤 112例 (40 .9% ) ,以 4 5～ 5 9岁组最多见 (P <0 .0 1) ;血管畸形 33例 (12 .1% ) ,小于 4 5岁组中多见 (P <0 .0 1) ;高血压动脉硬化 5 0例(18.3% ) ,主要集中在大于 6 0岁组 (P <0 .0 1)。临床表现 :头痛、呕吐、颈抗阳性在中青年SAH患者中的发生率显著高于老年患者 ;而意识障碍和肢体瘫痪症状在老年患者中发生率较高。头部CT检查阳性率79.6 6 % (14 1/ 177)。本组病人治愈 138例 (5 0 .4 % ) ,好转 83例 (30 .3% ) ,恶化 2 5例 (9.1% ) ,死亡 2 8例(10 .2 % )。结论 :青中年SAH患者的主要病因是动脉瘤和血管畸形 ,而老年患者为高血压动脉硬化 ;老年SAH患者的临床表现不如中青年患者典型 ;CT是首选检查方法 ,血管造影对明确病因意义重大。     

大肠癌肝转移的临床病理学特点

目的：研究大肠癌肝转移的临床病理学特点。方法：按照有无肝转移，将633例大肠癌分为两组，分析其与临床病理学诸因素的关系。结果：肝转移率为5．53％。大肠癌浸润肠壁深度、组织学类型、大体分型、静脉受侵、淋巴结转移及侵犯肠管周径与肝转移的发生有显著关系；而与年龄、性别及部位无明显关系。结论：大肠癌肝转移的发生与病理学诸因素有关。     

珠海市近15年麻疹流行病学特征分析

为进一步了解珠海市麻疹流行情况，为加速控制麻疹提供科学依据，对珠海市1988～2002年麻疹监测资料进行了分析。结果显示：麻疹总发病率有上升趋势，发病以外来暂住人口为主；病例主要发生在流动人口聚集的城乡结合地带；大年龄组病例所占比重上升；发病高峰集中在3～10月份；无明显的流行周期。麻疹近年发病率有上升趋势的原因是外来暂住人口的增加、免疫空白人群的积聚。因此，提高免疫接种率，消除免疫空白人群，开展特定人群的免疫，加强麻疹的监测是控制麻疹发病的有效措施。     

暗娼、嫖客人群个体特征与STD感染研究

通过问卷调查，获得暗娼、嫖客人群个体特征；结合体检及实验室检测，了解该人群STD感染情况。结果发现，在1997至2000年调查的5696例暗娼、嫖客人员中，STD的检出率有逐年增高的趋势；不同职业，其阳性检出率不同，原职业中以农民最高，现职业中以发廊、三陪人员为最高；文化程度越低，阳性检出率越高；未婚者STD的检出率最高。提示控制STD的流行是一项艰巨的任务，需要采取综合干预措施，提高人口素质和道德水平。