FDA透明度行动简介及其特点和作用分析

目的:为我国食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)政务公开工作的完善提供参考。方法:通过查阅美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)透明度行动文献,应用文献研究方法对FDA透明度行动进行了介绍,并对其特点及作用进行了系统的分析。结果:FDA通过透明工作组、绩效追踪等一系列的透明度行动,扩大了信息公开的广度和深度,提高了自身工作的透明度。结论:我国可借鉴FDA的经验,采取相应措施使SFDA的工作更加透明化。     

对某“癌症高发村”1990～2010年恶性肿瘤死亡调查分析

目的：对某“癌症高发村”村民1990年～2010年恶性肿瘤死亡情况进行回顾性调查,以确认村民所述“癌症高发”的真实性。方法：收集该地最近20年恶性肿瘤死亡患者资料,计算恶性肿瘤构成比和死亡率,并与全国水平相比较．．结果：恶性肿瘤死亡率为337．84／10万,高于全国农村平均水平128．65／10万;肝癌死亡率168．92／10万,高于全国农村平均水平26．93／10万;男性死亡率为472．94／10万,女性死亡率为202．70／10万,分别高于全国农村平均水平161．69／10万和93．75／10万;40岁以上的恶性肿瘤死亡患者有17人,占85．0％;13名死亡患者（65．0％）其疾病最高诊断单位为三级甲等医院。结论：恶性肿瘤是该地区村民的主要死亡原因之一,其死亡率高于全国农村平均水平,肝癌应为重点防治疾病。     

贝母类药材资源分布及性状特点研究

目的:了解贝母类中药材的资源分布和性状特点,保证临床用药的安全性。方法:结合主流贝母类商品药材,对贝母类中药材从基原、分布和性状特点等方面进行研究。结果与结论:不同的贝母类药材资源呈现垂直分布特点,药材性状存在差异;贝母类药材种植应考虑其生态适应性。     

2001～2006年我国卫生监督体系人员流动特征分析

目的通过分析2001～2006年我国卫生监督体系人员流动特征情况,明确机构人力资源的配置是否有所优化。方法通过全国系统抽样,获取6年来卫生监督机构流动人员的年龄、学历、职称、专业和岗位等基本资料。结果（1）人力资源配置有所优化：大量新进毕业生涌入,学历水平有所提高,法律类、非医学专业类人员增多,卫生监督执法队伍壮大;（2）但仍存在不足：职称水平下降,专业人员引进相对较少。     

军人情绪调节方式特点研究

目的 探讨基层部队官兵情绪调节方式特点.方法 采用军人情绪调节方式量表(AERTQ)对1692名基层部队官兵进行测试.结果 (1)军人情绪调节方式使用由高到低依次为:情感求助(3.769±0.838)分、行为抑制(3.638±0.826)分、自我安慰(3.297±0.703)分、认知重视(2.605±0.816)分.(2)除自我安慰外,不同军龄军人情绪调节方式的使用差异有显著性(F=7.442～9.429,P<0.01).(3)不同职别军人情绪调节方式的使用差异有显著性(F=5.649～13.137,P<0.01).(4)不同教育程度军人情绪调节方式的使用差异有显著性(F=2.992～14.856,P<0.01).结论 军人情绪调节方式的使用同军人的职业发展阶段与教育程度可能存在密切联系.     

鼓膜外伤性穿孔特征彩照在法医学上的应用

目的:因打架斗欧,权势伤人,恶意打人等致耳鼓膜外伤性穿孔的民事纠纷中,要求鉴定者不少,有的争论还较大。为预防诈伤和造假,摄制客观.公正又具科学技术水平的鼓膜外伤穿孔特征的彩色照片和记录伤情文字资料,发挥了重要作用,并作为司法定案的重要资料.对打击犯罪,保护伤者,稳定民心有重要意义。方法:伤后尽快进行鼓膜彩色照像或摄像,重点显示鼓膜穿孔部位的特征。大多在2天内诊治。若超过7～10天诊断者,其受伤鼓膜的穿孔边缘已渐由锐变园钝,锐角已渐变钝角,鼓膜充血逐渐消退,(但血痂仍附著),诊断时会有一定难度。还需作双耳纯音听阈听力测定和病史记录。结果:自1997年10月～2006年10月,我院诊治鼓膜外伤性穿孔患者175例。其中男性73例(42.0%),女性102例(58.0%)。鼓膜外伤原因:掌拳击伤81例(46%),车禍伤85例(49%),火炮炸伤6例(3.3%),高处坠下跌碰伤3例(1.7%)。1次耳外伤致鼓膜两个穿孔者4例(2.3%),其余171例均为1个穿孔(97.7%)。鼓膜外伤穿孔作1期修补愈合者125例(71.5%),鼓膜穿孔范围过大(>2象限)者作颞筋膜鼓膜修补痊愈6例(3.5%),鼓膜穿孔小自行愈合者33例(18.8%),放棄治疗者11例(6.2%)。结论:鼓膜外伤性穿孔,作鼓膜穿孔部位彩色照像或摄像.能显示典型的鼓膜穿孔外伤特征。可杜绝诈伤和作假。专科医师提供的图文资料,在司法定案中具有重要价值。同时外伤性鼓膜穿孔1期修补者大部份均可在10～15天完全愈合,外观几乎不留痕迹.且听力也可恢复或基本恢复正常,满足了因鼓膜外伤穿孔患者,要求快速愈合和恢复正常听力的需要。     

建设医学检验本科特色专业的探索与实践

特色专业建设是国家教育部质量工程建设的重要内容,我校医学检验系依据医学检验学科建设的内在规律和国家特色专业的建设要求,从教育目标、师资队伍、课程体系、教学条件和培养质量等方面提出系统规划的专业建设思路,力争成为省级甚至国家级特色专业。     

临床细菌性痢疾207例多病原监测及流行特征调查

目的调查海淀区临床细菌性痢疾中确诊菌痢菌型、多病源特征、流行因素、发病特点,为2008年的奥运会肠道传染病预防控制提供充分详细的科学数据。方法对临床诊断为菌痢患者的粪便进行多病原检测,按《细菌性痢疾诊断标准》（GB16002-1995）方法进行,并进行病例流行病学调查。结果临床诊断菌痢的207份粪便标本中,检出致病菌32株,检出率为15.46%,其中志贺菌属13株,检出率6.28%（福氏F4志贺菌2株,宋内志贺菌11株）;其他致病菌19株,检出率9.18%。确诊菌痢女性多于男性,与临床性别比存在很大差异;检出数最多为20岁组,检出率最高为30岁组;职业以干部职员、学生为主;工作单位以公司、国家机关为主;危险食品是凉拌菜、生蔬果;外出就餐次数越多,患病的危险性也越大。结论2007年海淀区已成为宋内志贺菌流行为主的地区,临床菌痢中至少有9.18%诊断错误,造成菌痢发病率虚高的假象。干部职员、学生、20岁年龄组为重点防控人群。应进一步加强各种餐饮企业的监督管理,减少致病菌对食品的污染。     

The Emotional Characteristics of Schizotypy

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional traits and schizotypal symptoms and to establish a hypothetical model for the causal relationship between them.

Methods

Schizotypal symptoms were assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and a total of seven emotional traits considered to be potential risk factors for schizotypy were categorized as emotional disturbances, emotional attenuators or emotional amplifiers. A total of 502 undergraduate students completed the SPQ and other scales.

Results

The result of the present study suggested that the high levels of emotional disturbance in individuals who are prone to schizotypy or psychosis are amplified by their intensity and fluctuation. However, if their emotion attenuating abilities function well, these disturbances can be controlled and the schizotypal symptoms and progression to psychosis can be contained. Discriminant analysis showed that 69.0% of the subjects with many schizotypal symptoms and 80.7% of the subjects with few schizotypal symptoms were correctly classified.

Conclusion

The present study suggests the possibility of using emotional traits to identify the risk factors for psychosis.     

Aspirin Use among Saudi Adults: The Prevalence and Users’ Characteristics

IntroductionDespite the public routine use of aspirin as cardio-prophylaxis agent, its use is only recommended in particular situations, and not as usual primary prevention. Only few local studies investigate the use of aspirin in patients with certain diseases, but not within the public population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of aspirin use and identify the demographic and clinical characteristics among Saudi users.MethodologyA cross-sectional study targeting Saudi adults in Saudi Arabia was conducted over a period of four months in 2021 using online Google forms. The study collected data to assess the prevalence of use, use of aspirin according to prevention type, users’ characteristics and comorbidities. Additionally, a self-assessment of knowledge, perception, reasons and attitude towards aspirin use among Saudi adults was conducted. A chi-square test was used to determine the association between the variables. A P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of aspirin use was 47%. Regarding the self-assessed aspirin knowledge, the majority of the respondents (n = 481; 62.4 %) found to have good knowledge. Less than half of the participants (n = 341; 44%) use aspirin as primary prevention agent while only 23 participants (2.9%) use aspirin as secondary prevention agent. There was a significant difference between gender and user type (p = 0.001). With regards to comorbidities, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity were common among the primary users of aspirin. Significant associations were found (p = 0.001) between participant’s user type and the following characteristics such as smoking status, past medical history, presence of comorbidities.ConclusionAspirin use is commonly prevalent Saudi population with good level of knowledge of the therapy; however, its popular use as primary preventive agent for CVD may necessitate medical advice based on the level of cardiovascular risk.