1999～2006年济宁市麻疹流行病学特征分析

[目的]了解济宁市1999～2006年麻疹流行规律,为消除麻疹工作提供科学依据.[方法]对1999～2006年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析.[结果]1999～2006年累计报告麻疹确诊病例1 290例,年均发病率为2.02/10万,无死亡病例;不同年份间发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同地区间发病率的差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01),局部暴发影响全市的发病水平;冬春季为发病高峰季节.1999～2004年病例主要以8月龄至14岁为主,占总病例数的72.55%,2005～2006年发病主要集中在≥15岁,占46.18%;但8月龄至6岁也占有相当比例,为32.66%;7～14岁发病比例由1999～2004年的30.59%下降到7.83%,而<8月龄则由1999～2004年1.96%上升到13.33%;8月龄～6岁估算接种率约为88%.[结论]济宁市麻疹发病有周期性规律,易感人群积累是发病的主要原因.另外,病例逐渐向成人和未到免疫年龄人群转移,给麻疹控制乃至消除工作带来挑战,因此要达到消除麻疹目标,除要做好儿童常规免疫外,加强成人麻疹监测和免疫具有重要意义.     

大学生社交焦虑特征探析

通过测量发现，中关两国大学生社交焦虑水平存在极显著差异：性别间差异不显著，城乡间存在非常显著的差异，专科生与研究生间差异非常显著，其它学历间不存在显著差异。从总体看，社交焦虑水平随着学历的增长逐步降低，文理科间差异非常显著，独生与非独生子女之间差异不显著，学生干部与非学生干部之间呈现极显著的差异。     

急性肺栓塞心电图的变化特点(附22例分析)

目的探讨急性肺栓塞患者心电图的变化特点。方法回顾性分析近3年收治的22例急性肺栓塞患者入院时、溶栓后及治疗2~4周后心电图的变化。结果入院时心电图变化:窦性心动过速18例(81·8%),右束传导支阻滞8例(36·4%),SⅠ>0·1mV、SⅠQⅢTⅢ、QⅢ、TⅢ分别为15、14、17、10例(68·2%、63·6%、77·3%、45·5%)。胸前导联T波对称性倒置,V1~V6全部倒置2例(9·1%),V1~V4倒置8例(36·4%),V1~V2倒置12例(54·5%),伴有ST段压低7例(31·8%);溶栓20~48h后心动过速明显缓解15例(68·2%),右束支阻滞消失5例(22·7%)。肢体导联出现SⅠ变浅,QⅢ减小或消失,TⅢ倒置变浅或直立9例(40·9%)。胸前导联T波对称性倒置加深10例(45·5%);2~4周后静息状态下心电图显示心动过速均消失,2例(9·1%)仍电轴右偏(> 90°)。胸前导联的T波直立数增加,ST段回到基线。肢体导联QⅢ进一步减小或消失,TⅢ倒置变浅或直立。胸前V1~V6导联T波均有不同程度的变浅或直立。结论心电图有助于急性肺栓塞的诊断,但急性肺栓塞心时电图变化多端,需动态观察并密切结合临床表现加以识别。     

NEPHROBLASTOMA. DNA CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR MODIFICATIONS INDUCED BY PRENEPHRECTOMY CHEMOTHERAPY: A CYTOFLUORIMETRIC STUDY

Treatment of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) has presently achieved a 90% survival rate. Stage and grade are considered the most reliable prognostic parameters, but other biological factors are under study in order to improve patient stratification. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy has been suggested to be useful in this setting. We retrospectively studied 79 patients with nephroblastoma (58 pretreated with chemotherapy and 21 not pretreated) by means of flow cytometry. DNA content and synthetic phase values were correlated with pathologic features and outcome. DNA modifications induced by chemotherapy were investigated. Sixty-nine tumors were diploid and 10 aneuploid. DNA content did not correlate with clinical course and was not modified by pretreatment. Aneuploid tumors were restricted to lower stages. Mean S-phase rate was lower and did not vary according to histology in pretreated tumors, while it was higher and increased with grade (p = 0.007) in previously untreated tumors. The fraction of cells in synthetic activity was related to outcome: Patients whose tumors displayed higher S-phase rates had a more favorable clinical course. Ploidy did not appear to be of prognostic significance. S-phase rate decreased after chemotherapy (p = 0.0002) and was related to survival. The worse outcome of pretreated patients might be attributed to a minor sensitivity to postoperative treatment: Preoperative chemotherapy would decrease the cell proliferation and might select resistant cellular clones of (possible) neoplastic residues.     

综合医院4338例老年男性与女性住院者医疗费用特征的描述

目的描述男性与女性老年人住院医疗费用的特征。方法对某院2006年老年男性与女性住院医疗费用进行分析。结果（1）性别比1．81，老年男性住院比例较高。（2）老年男性占用住院总医疗费用的构成比高达69．44％。（3）各年龄组老年男性例均住院医疗费用和药品费用均高于老年女性（P〈0．05）。（4）90岁以上高龄女性例均住院费用高于同年龄组男性（P〈0．05）。结论性别与年龄是老年人医疗费用消耗的重要因素。     

A study of temperature regulation in the human body with the aid of an analogue computer

Summary To be able to predict man's thermal response to any given environment it is essential to have a thorough understanding of man's thermo-regulatory mechanism. The mechanism is dependant on a number of highly non-linear variables. An analogue computer can be of great value with such a problem as non-linear control characteristics are easily incorporated into its programme. The computer is used as a model to reproduce man's thermal behaviour. This paper describes the application of such a computer. A number of tests were made to study some thermal control characteristics and the results are compared with those of a series of experiments performed on two resting subjects who were exposed to various environmental conditions in a climatic chamber.     

The prevalence of child-psychiatric disorders among 8-9-year-old children in Danish mainstream schools

OBJECTIVE: Prevalence rates for child psychopathology in Denmark are unknown; and efficient screening and non-respondent analyses are essential for epidemiological purposes. METHOD: A multi-method strategy involving a two-step design: first screening of 621 children between the ages of 8-9 years attending mainstream education using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Second, screen-positive probands and a sample of screen-negative probands were given in-depth child-psychiatric assessment. In cases of non-respondents, children were assessed by teachers. RESULTS: CBCL screening results were compared with case status in clinical assessment. A positive predictive value of 0.25 and a correct classification rate (CCR) of 0.72 were obtained. The teacher interviews, used in cases of non-respondents, had a CCR of 0.87. According to DSM-IV criteria, the prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders was 10.l% [95% CI; 7.0-13.2]. CONCLUSIONS: The CBCL proved an effective screening tool. The brief interview with teachers is a valid assessment of psychiatric disorders among non-respondents.     

Comparison of characteristics between geriatric and younger subjects with schizophrenia in community

Relatively little is known about the different characteristics of non-institutionalized geriatric and younger subjects with schizophrenia. This study compared demographic and clinical characteristics of all the geriatric, middle-age and young subjects with schizophrenia living in a Chinese rural community. Geriatric (age >/= 65 years) (N = 51), middle-age (age 41-64 years) (N = 263) and young subjects with schizophrenia (age 15-40 years) (N = 196) in a rural community were assessed with the Present State Examination and Social Disability Screening Schedule. Age at first onset was significantly older in geriatric male and female groups. While there were no significant differences of negative symptoms among the three groups, the rates of lifetime nuclear syndrome were significantly lower in geriatric subjects compared to the other two groups. Geriatric subjects were less likely to have been hospitalized (9.8%) than middle-age (19.0%) and younger subjects (24.8%). Although the duration of illness was significantly longer in geriatric subjects than in the other two groups, the clinical outcome was significantly better in the geriatric group and social functioning scores were similar among the three groups. Geriatric subjects were more likely to be female, with longer duration of illness, fewer "core" symptoms, relatively stable social functioning and clinical outcome. The pathogenesis and psychopathology of geriatric subjects may be different compared to younger subjects with schizophrenia.     

盲人青年学生的心理特点与施教原则

本文根据多年观察研究和对6所盲人培训机构共463名盲人青年学生的问卷调查,分析了盲人青年学生在认知、情感与情绪、意志、人际交往等方面的心理特点,并针对这些特点提出了“师生互信”、“针对性”、“正常化”、“环境适应”等施教原则。