速度向量成像技术评价初诊2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉弹性的研究

目的:探讨速度向量成像(velocity vector imaging,VVI)技术评价初诊2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉(common carotid artery,CCA)弹性的应用价值。方法:选取60例初诊2型糖尿病患者,将其分为内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)增加组(T2DM-1组)30例和IMT正常组(T2DM-2组)30例;另选取健康对照组30例。常规二维超声观测糖尿病患者与健康对照组的CCA内径、IMT及斑块情况;采用VVI技术对受检者行颈动脉超声检查,测量并记录右侧CCA管壁短轴方向二维图像前壁、前内侧壁、后内侧壁、后壁、后外侧壁、前外侧壁6个节段的径向最大速度(Vs)、切向最大应变(Smax)及切向最大应变率(SRmax),对各组相关参数进行统计学分析。结果:T2DM-1组IMT厚度显著高于T2DM-2组和对照组(P0.05);T2DM-2组IMT厚度与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);T2DM-1组、T2DM-2组及对照组CCA内径测值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。T2DM-1组患者CCA 6个节段的Vs、Smax和SRmax显著低于T2DM-2组和对照组(P0.05);T2DM-2组患者CCA 6个节段的Vs、Smax和SRmax显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:初诊2型糖尿病患者CCA二维形态未改变以前CCA弹性已经降低,VVI技术可用于评价CCA的弹性状态,能够早期发现初诊T2DM患者的CCA弹性降低。     

超声评价成人睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与颈动脉病变关系的研究

目的：应用超声检测评价成人睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（SAS）与颈动脉病变的关系。方法彩色多普勒超声检查176例成人SAS患者与40名健康对照组的颈总动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、管腔狭窄等指标。结果①SAS组患者IMT较对照组显著增厚[（1.30＆#177;0.27）mm＞（1.05＆#177;0.21）mm,P＜0.05];②SAS组检测出粥样硬化斑块形成62例（35.2%）、管腔狭窄47例（26.7%）;对照组分别为5例及4例（12.5%、10.0%）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;③IMT与夜间最低血氧（LSaO2）呈正相关（r=0.46,P＜0.05）,与AHI无明显相关。结论颈动脉超声能较好评价SAS血管病变。夜间缺氧会增加SAS患者颈动脉病变发生率及程度。     

超选择动脉栓塞后手术切除颈动脉体瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨超选择动脉栓塞后手术切除颈动脉体瘤的疗效。方法:回顾中日友好医院自2007年4月―2015年9月手术治疗的26例颈动脉体瘤患者临床资料,分析其临床特点、影像学检查、治疗及预后情况,根据是否进行术前超选择栓塞分为栓塞组(9例)和未栓塞组(17例),分析并比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:26例(27侧)共进行26侧手术治疗。与未栓塞组比较,栓塞组平均手术时间(127.22 min vs.158.82 min)和平均出血量(110.00 m L vs.355.88 m L)均明显减少(均P0.05),但两组的手术时间与出血量均随患者肿瘤严重程度(Shamblin分型)增加而成升高趋势。26例手术患者术后颈部肿物均消失,术前伴有疼痛及咽部不适者术后症状均消失,围手术期无死亡及肢体瘫痪,术后神经功能障碍7例(26.92%),均于术后6个月随访时恢复。结论:手术切除颈动脉体瘤安全可靠,是颈动脉体瘤的首选治疗,而术前超选择栓塞可以明显减少出血量,缩短手术时间。     

Novel use of a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube during a neck exploration of a carotid injury: A case report

Penetrating neck trauma can injure the major blood vessels, airway, gastrointestinal system, and neurological system. We present a case where a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube was emergently placed during surgical exploration of a stab wound to the neck to tamponade bleeding until surgical control was obtained and the vascular injuries were managed.     

Asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis undergoing staged carotid artery stent and coronary artery bypass grafting: decisive role of brain single photon emission computed tomography

Effort angina of a 70-year-old man was diagnosed as due to triple coronary vessel disease, and he was scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery. Preoperative carotid duplex scan revealed more than 75% stenosis of the right internal carotid artery, which was functionally proven to be significantly ischemic on brain single photon emission computed tomography. Although he was neurologically asymptomatic, we chose staged surgery for fear of stroke during coronary artery bypass surgery. He had successful carotid artery stenting first by neurosurgeons; then, 2 months later he underwent uneventful coronary artery bypass surgery. This experience prompted us to report the case.     

Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting and postprocedure hypotension

INTRODUCTION: Although carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has become established as the preferred approach to the management of critical carotid stenosis, carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) has arisen as a competitive modality. We report here a nonindustry-supported experience using CAS in a nonselected patient population suffering from critical carotid stenosis. METHODS: All patients suffering from carotid stenosis (>50% symptomatic or >80% asymptomatic) were offered CAS or CEA. The first 36 patients who underwent attempted CAS over this last year are reported here. CAS was performed with the SMART PRECISE (Cordis, Inc, Miami Lakes, FL) or ACCULINK (Guidant, Inc, St Paul, MN) stents. All procedures were performed with cerebral protection. RESULTS: The planned procedure success rate was 97%, and the major adverse event (MAE) rate was 3.0% in 35 patients who underwent successful CAS. This included a minor stroke and a subendocardial myocardial infarction in the same individual. Both events were attributed to sustained postprocedure hypotension. The most frequent intraprocedure complications observed were bradycardia and hypotension. Persistent postprocedure hypotension requiring vasopressor support complicated 23% of cases. The average duration of vasopressor support in this group was 21 hours. CONCLUSION: CAS can be accomplished with an MAE comparable to CEA and will likely become the dominant alternative to CEA for the management of carotid stenosis. Management of periprocedural cardiovascular instability represents one of the most important elements in the safe conduct of CAS.     

颈动脉外翻内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉硬化狭窄

目的观察颈动脉外翻内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄的疗效。方法24例颈动脉硬化狭窄患者,其中18例有慢性或一过性脑缺血症状,6例无症状;术前均行彩色超声、数字减影动脉造影(DSA)或CT和MRA扫描检查,颈动脉狭窄程度65％～95％;在颈丛麻醉下行颈动脉外翻内膜剥脱术,手术要点是于颈动脉分叉处斜形切断颈内动脉,外翻颈内动脉剥除有粥样斑块的内膜,同时从颈总动脉切口剥除颈总动脉和颈外动脉增厚的内膜。结果全组无手术死亡,术后随访3～20个月,临床症状均有不同程度改善,一过性脑缺血症状消失,4例仍有轻度慢性脑缺血症状。术后行脑部多普勒超声检查,22例脑部供血有明显改善。结论颈动脉外翻内膜剥脱术是一种安全、有效和合理的手术方式。     

Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and carotid intima-media thickness in pediatric dialysis patients

Background  Cardiovascular complications are common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We aimed to investigate left ventricular (LV) function and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in children and adolescents with ESRD. Methods  This study included 38 ESRD patients (15 hemodialysis and 23 peritoneal dialysis) and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Results  The ESRD patients had significantly lower mean mitral E/A ratio, and higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and cIMT than the control group. Compared with PD patients, HD patients had worse LV diastolic function. In stepwise linear regression analysis, LVMI (P = 0.043) and hemoglobin (P = 0.015) turned out to be independent variables for predicting diastolic dysfunction (reduced E/A ratio), and the only significant predictor of cIMT was indexed diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.035). Conclusion  Cardiovascular structure and function abnormalities are also common in pediatric dialysis patients, as in adults. Furthermore our data indicated that hemodialysis was disadvantageous for preserving LV diastolic function as compared with peritoneal dialysis.     

维持性血液透析患者颈动脉钙化相关因素分析

目的：探讨慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析（MHD）患者颈动脉钙化情况并分析相关因素。方法：对35例MHD患者应用彩色B型超声仪观测双侧颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）及钙化情况,同时记录透析龄、收缩压、脉压差,抽血检测血钙、磷、血胆固醇、三酰甘油、白蛋白、C反应蛋白（CRP）、甲状旁腺素,并计算钙磷乘积。结果：35例终末期肾病（ESRD）患者18例（51.4%）存在颈动脉钙化。钙化组IMT值较无钙化组显著增高（P〈0.01）,透析龄、收缩压、脉压差、血磷、钙磷乘积、CRP较无钙化组明显增高（P〈0.05）,而钙化组血浆白蛋白较无钙化组显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论：IMT值、透析龄、血磷、钙磷乘积增高是颈动脉钙化的主要影响因素,收缩压、脉压差、CRP升高和低血浆白蛋白与颈动脉钙化密切相关。MHD患者存在较高的颈动脉钙化率。