Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus Type I Expressing the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein Could Effectively Prevent Infection by Two Viruses

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a comprehensive disease in cattle caused by various viral and bacterial infections. Among them, bovine herpesvirus type I (BoHV−1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) play important roles and have caused huge financial losses for the cattle industry worldwide. At present, vaccines against BRDC include trivalent attenuated BoHV−1, BVDV−1, and BVDV−2 live vaccines, BoHV−1 live attenuated vaccines, and BoHV−1/BVDV bivalent live attenuated vaccines, which have limitations in terms of their safety and efficacy. To solve these problems, we optimized the codon of the BVDV−1 E2 gene, added the signal peptide sequence of the BoHV−1 gD gene, expressed double BVDV−1 E2 glycoproteins in tandem at the BoHV−1 gE gene site, and constructed a BoHV−1 genetics-engineered vectored vaccine with gE gene deletion, named BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ and BoHV−1 ΔgE. This study compared the protective effects in BoHV−1, BoHV−1 ΔgE, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺, and BVDV−1 inactivated antigen immunized guinea pigs and calves. The results showed that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ could successfully induce guinea pigs and calves to produce specific neutralizing antibodies against BVDV−1. In addition, after BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 challenges, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ can produce a specific neutralizing antibody response against BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 infections. Calves immunized with this type of virus can be distinguished as either vaccinated animals (gE^-) or naturally infected animals (gE⁺). In summary, our data suggest that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ and BoHV−1 ΔgE have great potential to prevent BVDV−1 or BoHV−1 infection.     

Transport Property and Spin–Orbit Torque in 2D Rashba Ferromagnetic Electron Gas

In this paper, we investigate the spin–orbit torque and transport property in a 2D Rashba ferromagnetic electron gas. The longitudinal conductivity can be divided into two parts: the first term is determined by the charge density and is independent of the spin degrees of freedom. The second term depends on the two bands that spin in the opposite directions, and it is directly proportional to spin–orbit torque regardless of the band structure and temperature. This is a general and underlying relation between the transport property and spin–orbit torque. Moreover, we show the impacts of the spin–orbit coupling constant and Fermi energy on transverse conductivity and spin–orbit torque, which is helpful for relevant experiments.     

A Hierarchical Framework for Assessing Transmission Causality of Respiratory Viruses

Systematic reviews of 591 primary studies of the modes of transmission for SARS-CoV-2 show significant methodological shortcomings and heterogeneity in the design, conduct, testing, and reporting of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. While this is partly understandable at the outset of a pandemic, evidence rules of proof for assessing the transmission of this virus are needed for present and future pandemics of viral respiratory pathogens. We review the history of causality assessment related to microbial etiologies with a focus on respiratory viruses and suggest a hierarchy of evidence to integrate clinical, epidemiologic, molecular, and laboratory perspectives on transmission. The hierarchy, if applied to future studies, should narrow the uncertainty over the twin concepts of causality and transmission of human respiratory viruses. We attempt to address the translational gap between the current research evidence and the assessment of causality in the transmission of respiratory viruses with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Experimentation, consistency, and independent replication of research alongside our proposed framework provide a chain of evidence that can reduce the uncertainty over the transmission of respiratory viruses and increase the level of confidence in specific modes of transmission, informing the measures that should be undertaken to prevent transmission.     

青蒿素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制研究

目的探讨青蒿素对糖尿病大鼠肾基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）及其抑制物金属蛋白酶-2组织抑制物（TIMP-2）表达的调节作用。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组（A组）、糖尿病非治疗组（B组）及糖尿病青蒿素治疗组（C组）,采用腹腔单剂量注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）65 mg/kg方法以建立糖尿病大鼠模型。C组给予青蒿素300 g/（kg·d）腹腔注射。实验进行到第3周、第6周时3组分别宰杀大鼠6只,检测肾质量/体质量、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）及肌酐清除率（Ccr）。用免疫组化染色方法分别检测肾小球Ⅳ型胶原、TIMP-2、MMP-2和纤维连接蛋白（FN）表达情况。结果 C组大鼠Ccr、UAER、肾质量/体质量均显著低于B组（P〈0.05或0.01）。免疫组化染色证明糖尿病大鼠肾小球Ⅳ型胶原、FN和TIMP-2表达都明显上调（P〈0.05或0.01）,C组上述指标的表达都被显著抑制（P〈0.05）。MMP-2在B组大鼠肾小球的表达显著下调（P〈0.01）,C组其表达显著上调（P〈0.05）。结论青蒿素通过抑制糖尿病大鼠肾小球TIMP-2表达及增加MMP-2表达,从而保护糖尿病实验大鼠肾脏功能。     

Impact of Dietitian-Led Nutrition Therapy of Food Order on 5-Year Glycemic Control in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Care Clinic: Retrospective Cohort Study

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of 5-year follow-up of dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) on glycemic control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at a primary care clinic. A total of 138 patients with dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (intervention group) and 104 patients without dietitian-led nutrition therapy (control group) were compared for glycemic control, serum lipid, blood pressure, and diabetic complications for 5 years. Each patient in the intervention group received dietary education focused on food order (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) by dietitians. A significant improvement in HbA1c after 5 years in the intervention group [8.5 ± 1.7% (69 mmol/mol) to 7.6 ± 1.1% (59 mmol/mol), p < 0.001] was observed, whereas no change was observed in the control group [7.9 ± 1.2% (62 mmol/mol) to 8.0 ± 1.2% (63 mmol/mol)]. Dietary intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and salt in the intervention group demonstrated significant reduction, while the intake of dietary fiber significantly increased after the dietary education. Simple dietary education of ‘eating vegetables before carbohydrates’ presented by dietitians achieved good glycemic control after a 5-year period in outpatients with T2DM at primary care clinic.     

Fabrication and Investigation of PE-SiO2@PZS Composite Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Commercial polyolefin separators exhibit problems including shrinkage under high temperatures and poor electrolyte wettability and uptake, resulting in low ionic conductivity and safety problems. In this work, core–shell silica-polyphosphazene nanoparticles (SiO₂@PZS) with different PZS layer thicknesses were synthesized and coated onto both sides of polyethylene (PE) microporous membranes to prepare composite membranes. Compared to pure silica-coated membranes and PE membranes, the PE-SiO₂@PZS composite membrane had higher ionic conductivity. With the increase in the SiO₂@PZS shell thickness, the electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivity and discharge capacity gradually increased. The discharge capacity of the PE-SiO₂@PZS composite membrane at 8 C rate was 129 mAh/g, which was higher than the values of 107 mAh/g for the PE-SiO₂ composite membrane and 104 mAh/g for the PE membrane.     

胆道梗阻解除术后肾水通道蛋白2表达变化的实验研究

目的明确水通道蛋白2（aquaporin 2 protein,AQP2）在梗阻性黄疸梗阻解除术后大鼠肾脏的表达情况。方法采用蛋白质印迹（western blotting）法及RT-PCR方法检测在梗阻性黄疸梗阻解除后不同时间的大鼠肾脏AQP2及其mRNA的水平。结果AQP2蛋白水平在0h,24h,72h随时间推移逐渐降低,1周时明显高于解除梗阻0h的水平．但所有实验组均较正常对照组（假手术组）低（P〈0．05）。而AQP2的mRNA水平在梗阻性黄疸梗阻解除后0h．24h,72h随时间推移逐渐性升高,1周时回落,但比0h水平还要高,然而所有实验组均较正常对照组（假手术组）高（P〈0．05）。结论梗阻性黄疸梗阻解除术后肾功能在早期受损逐渐加重,AQP2蛋白水平下调．而AQP2基因水平上调。1周时这些结果仍未恢复正常。AQP2在梗阻性黄疸梗阻解除术后肾功能的变化上可能起到了重要的作用。     

基质金属蛋白酶9、基质金属蛋白酶2、迁移诱导蛋白7和细丝蛋白A在结肠癌中的表达及其预后意义

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）、迁移诱导蛋白7（MIG-7）、细丝蛋白A（FLNa）在结肠癌组织中的表达及其对预后的影响。方法:收集2013年1月至2015年12月南京医科大学附属淮安市第一人民医院899例结肠癌患者手术切除的肿瘤标本及其对应的癌旁正常组织。采用酶联免疫吸附试验...     

Sukkari dates seed improves type-2 diabetes mellitus-induced memory impairment by reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing brain cholinergic transmission: In vivo and molecular modeling studies

Cognitive decline is one of the serious complications associated with diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of type-2. In this reported work, the effect of aqueous sukkari dates seed extract (ASSE) was evaluated in T2DM-induced rats. T2DM was induced using intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozocin (STZ) administration. The diabetic rats were then treated orally with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of dates seed extract for 30 days and results were compared with metformin-treated groups. The memory functions were assessed using three maze models. Glucose and insulin levels in the blood and acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase brain homogenates were estimated. The results showed a significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) (p < 0.001) during the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The novel object recognition (NOR) test revealed a longer exploration time (p > 0.05) with novel objects and a higher discrimination index (p > 0.05). The Y-maze test also showed a significant increase in the number of entries to the novel arm (p > 0.05) and the total number of entries in the trial (p > 0.01) as well as in test (p > 0.05) sessions. Reduction in blood glucose (p > 0.05) and improvement in blood insulin (p > 0.05) levels were also noted. Improvement in ACh levels (p > 0.001) with 400 mg/kg of ASSE and reduction in AChE (p > 0.001) with both doses of ASSE were also observed in the brain homogenates. The results of ASSE were found comparable with the metformin-treated rats. The estimation of phytochemical constituents displayed a significant presence of phenolic content. Further, molecular modeling studies showed ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin as the potential molecule interacting with GSK-3β, α-amylase, and AChE and may be responsible for observed bioactivity. In conclusion, ASSE has the ability to alleviate T2DM-related cognitive impairments.