川芎嗪对家兔血管内皮细胞修复的影响

【目的】观察川芎嗪对血管损伤后内皮细胞修复的作用 ,探讨其作用机理与环节 ,为显微血管外科提供新的用药依据。【方法】新西兰大耳白兔 2 4只 ,行右侧股动脉切断后即刻端端吻合造模 ,术后随机分成川芎嗪治疗组、肝素治疗组及空白对照组予处理 ,术后 1、 3、 7、 14d分别切取大白兔吻合段动脉 ,作电镜扫描检测 ,观察内皮细胞的生长情况并作组间比较。【结果】在促进血管吻合术后血管内皮细胞的修复 ,促进血流通畅方面川芎嗪组与肝素组相当 (P >0 .0 5) ,两者均优于空白组 (P <0 .0 5)。【结论】川芎嗪能促进血管损伤后内皮细胞的修复 ,在显微血管外科具有肯定的使用价值。     

冠心病心气虚与非心气虚证间左心形态及功能表现

[目的]比较胸痹(冠心病)心气虚与非心气虚患者左心形态及功能方面的差异。[方法]回顾分析1998~1999年就诊的184例冠心病患者的临床资料,由中医师按病例记载的临床证候分为心气虚组和非心气虚组,再比较两组患者超声测量的数据特点。[结果]心气虚组与非心气虚组的左室射血分数和心肌缺血程度仍在正常值范围,心气虚组的射血分数为(61.0±15.1)%,非心气虚组为(66.62±12.67)%,两组比较差异有显著性(t=2.754,P<0.01);心肌缺血程度两组间比较也有显著性差异(秩和检验Uc=53.99,P<0.0005)。超声测量左室腔和左心房大小、左室心肌厚度、左室每搏量、心输出量、心肌缺血范围,结果两组间差异无统计学意义。[结论]心气虚并非等同于临床上的心功能不全,超声测量虽在正常范围内,但射血分数表现为正常低值者,对胸痹(冠心病)的病程进展的判断可能有所帮助。     

Anti-Interleukin-6 Therapy Decreases Hip Synovitis and Bone Resorption and Increases Bone Formation Following Ischemic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a juvenile form of ischemic femoral head osteonecrosis, which produces chronic hip synovitis, permanent femoral head deformity, and premature osteoarthritis. Currently, there is no medical therapy for LCPD. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is significantly elevated in the synovial fluid of patients with LCPD. We hypothesize that IL-6 elevation promotes chronic hip synovitis and impairs bone healing after ischemic osteonecrosis. We set out to test if anti-IL-6 therapy using tocilizumab can decrease hip synovitis and improve bone healing in the piglet model of LCPD. Fourteen piglets were surgically induced with ischemic osteonecrosis and assigned to two groups: the no treatment group (n = 7) and the tocilizumab group (15 to 20 mg/kg, biweekly intravenous injection, n = 7). All animals were euthanized 8 weeks after the induction of osteonecrosis. Hip synovium and femoral heads were assessed for hip synovitis and bone healing using histology, micro-CT, and histomorphometry. The mean hip synovitis score and the number of synovial macrophages and vessels were significantly lower in the tocilizumab group compared with the no treatment group (p < .0001, p = .01, and p < .01, respectively). Micro-CT analysis of the femoral heads showed a significantly higher bone volume in the tocilizumab group compared with the no treatment group (p = .02). The histologic assessment revealed a significantly lower number of osteoclasts per bone surface (p < .001) in the tocilizumab group compared with the no treatment group. Moreover, fluorochrome labeling showed a significantly higher percent of mineralizing bone surface (p < .01), bone formation rate per bone surface (p < .01), and mineral apposition rate (p = .04) in the tocilizumab group. Taken together, tocilizumab therapy decreased hip synovitis and osteoclastic bone resorption and increased new bone formation after ischemic osteonecrosis. This study provides preclinical evidence that tocilizumab decreases synovitis and improves bone healing in a large animal model of LCPD. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

Burosumab for the Treatment of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors producing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and is characterized by impaired phosphate metabolism, skeletal health, and quality of life. UX023T-CL201 is an ongoing, open-label, phase 2 study investigating the safety and efficacy of burosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits FGF23, in adults with TIO or cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS). Key endpoints were changes in serum phosphorus and osteomalacia assessed by transiliac bone biopsies at week 48. This report focuses on 14 patients with TIO, excluding two diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemia post-enrollment and one with CSHS. Serum phosphorus increased from baseline (0.52 mmol/L) and was maintained after dose titration from week 22 (0.91 mmol/L) to week 144 (0.82 mmol/L, p < 0.0001). Most measures of osteomalacia were improved at week 48: osteoid volume/bone, osteoid thickness, and mineralization lag time decreased; osteoid surface/bone surface showed no change. Of 249 fractures/pseudofractures detected across 14 patients at baseline, 33% were fully healed and 13% were partially healed at week 144. Patients reported a reduction in pain and fatigue and an increase in physical health. Two patients discontinued: one to treat an adverse event (AE) of neoplasm progression and one failed to meet dosing criteria (receiving minimal burosumab). Sixteen serious AEs occurred in seven patients, and there was one death; all serious AEs were considered unrelated to treatment. Nine patients had 16 treatment-related AEs; all were mild to moderate in severity. In adults with TIO, burosumab exhibited an acceptable safety profile and was associated with improvements in phosphate metabolism and osteomalacia. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..     

猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)慢性感染猴模型的建立

目的：在先前已建立了模拟人艾滋病感染者和患者的猴免疫缺陷病毒（ＳＩＶ）急性感染猴和中、晚期猴艾滋病（ＳＡＩＤＳ）模型的基础上,再摸索建立ＳＩＶ慢性感染猴模型,以期为抗区滋病药物的体内药效学介研究提供更合适的动物模型。方法：用ＳＩＶｍａｃ２５１感染恒河猴１７只,追踪观察其临床表现,体征变化,病程进展,血浆和全血病毒症规律,淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ４的动态等。结果：临床体征有特征性,病程较长,１年内死亡２只（     

中药骨康对去睾大鼠骨质疏松的防治作用

为探讨补肾活血类中药骨康口服液对去睾大鼠所造成的骨质疏松的影响 ,通过切除大鼠睾丸造骨质疏松模型 ,观察了不同剂量中药骨康口服液对该模型大鼠骨面密度 ( ρA ,bone)、骨矿含量 (mM ,bone)及股骨骨生物力学的影响 ,并与特乐定作阳性对照。结果 :中药骨康高、中剂量防治的去睾大鼠股骨扭转试验最大扭矩及血睾酮 (T)含量 ( ρT ,bl)高于模型组 (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1) ,高、中、低剂量组全身及左、右股骨ρA ,bone、mM ,bone高于模型组 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示骨康口服液能提高去睾大鼠血睾酮含量、骨的骨矿含量及骨密度 ,改善骨组织的生物力学性能 ,避免骨折的发生。为中药骨康口服液防治老年男性骨质疏松症提供实验依据。     

补肾益智方对阿尔茨海默病大鼠模型脑内胆碱能神经系统的保护作用

为探讨自制方补肾益智方 (由蛇床子、枸杞子、女贞子、人参、制首乌等组成 )治疗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimerdisease ,AD)的可能神经生物学机制 ,应用乙酰胆碱酯酶组织化学染色方法 ,研究了该方对D -半乳糖合并鹅膏蕈氨酸损毁大脑Meynert基底核的实验性阿尔茨海默病大鼠模型脑内胆碱能神经系统的保护作用 ,结果显示 :补肾益智方灌胃组大鼠脑内广泛区域的乙酰胆碱酯酶阳性神经纤维密度较模型对照组增加 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,提示该方对AD模型脑内胆碱能神经元具有一定的保护作用。     

针刺对小白鼠实验性乳腺增生症抑制作用的病理形态定量研究

对雌二醇（Ｅ２）造模的小鼠乳腺，采用连续纵切片方法，研究乳腺腺泡的病变程度与针刺作用的关系。结果表明：乳腺腺泡的改变及增生程度与针刺的抑制作用有显著的相关性。说明针刺确有抑制Ｅ２所致实验性乳腺增生作用。     

穴位注射加贴敷治疗乳腺增生的临床研究

97例患者随机分为穴位注射组 (31例 )、穴位贴敷组 (35例 )、穴位注射加贴敷组 (31例 )进行临床观察。结果穴位注射组与穴位贴敷组疗效相似 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而穴位注射加贴敷组疗效明显优于单纯穴位注射组及穴位贴敷组 (P<0 .0 5 )。由此说明 ,穴位注射加贴敷这一综合疗法治疗乳腺增生病具有效佳、副作用小、取穴少、疗程短等优点。此外还证实这一疗法对卵巢激素有一定的影响。