1676例儿童骨髓细胞学诊断结果分析

目的:探讨儿童骨髓细胞形态学特征与临床初步诊断的关系.方法:将2007至2011年我院血液科送检的1 676例儿童骨髓穿刺合格标本,进行细胞形态学检查和(或)细胞特殊免疫细胞化学染色,结合临床资料作出实验室骨髓细胞学诊断.结果:骨髓细胞学诊断结果符合率最高的疾病分别是:原发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)占92.3％;缺铁...     

颈部淋巴结细针穿刺误诊原因分析

目的：颈部淋巴结肿大的成因可分为炎症性肿大及肿瘤性肿大。文中分析颈部淋巴结细针穿刺病理诊断中的难点及避免误诊及漏诊措施。方法回顾性分析南京军区南京总医院病理科2010至2013年颈部淋巴结细针穿刺病例435例,并与对应淋巴结组织学活检结果比较。结果7例患者淋巴结细针穿刺与组织活检诊断结果不相符合,均因颈部淋巴结肿大而就诊。其中男性5例、女性2例;年龄41～71岁,平均年龄（58．4±8．9）岁;临床局部淋巴结肿大6例,全身淋巴结肿大1例;7例均可触及肿大淋巴结,直径1～4 cm。细针穿刺细胞学检查（ fine-needle aspiration cytology , FNAC）将淋巴瘤误诊为差分化转移癌1例、低分化腺癌误诊为恶性淋巴瘤1例、淋巴瘤诊断为淋巴组织增生建议活检2例、提示恶性肿瘤未进一步分类1例、描述镜下特点建议淋巴结活检2例。与活检结果对比,FNAC的定性诊断符合率为99．3％（432／435）、误诊率1．6％（7／435）。结论 FNAC对初筛淋巴结疾患的良恶性及肿瘤类型有重要意义,而对于淋巴造血系统疾病的形态特征、诊断鉴别以及穿刺技术的熟悉与掌握,是降低FNAC诊断漏诊及误诊率的关键。     

衰老和缺氧对培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨衰老及缺氧对体外培养的肺动脉平滑肌(PASMCs)增殖的影响。方法将细胞分为年轻常氧组、老年常氧组、年轻缺氧组、老年缺氧组,应用MTT比色法、3H-TdR掺入法、流式细胞术、免疫组化方法检查细胞的增殖情况。结果同年轻组比较,老年组PASMCs的生长曲线明显抬高,3H-TdR掺入明显增加,进入有丝分裂期的细胞比例明显增加,总蛋白量减少,增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)增加;同常氧组比较,缺氧组PASMCs的生长曲线明显抬高,3H-TdR掺入先受抑制,后明显增加,进入有丝分裂期的细胞比例明显增加,总蛋白量减少,PCNA增加。结论衰老和缺氧部能直接刺激平滑肌细胞的增殖,衰老的平滑肌细胞受缺氧刺激增殖最为明显。     

儿童口腔健康教育与刷牙效果临床研究

目的探讨儿童口腔健康教育与刷牙效果的临床研究。方法选取80例3～7岁的儿童进行观察,给予口腔健康教育,观察指标以菌斑指数为主,对比教育前后儿童的刷牙效果。结果口腔健康教育之前,儿童的牙菌斑平均指数为(3.89±0.79),经过口腔健康教育之后,儿童的牙菌斑平均指数为(2.13±0.69);口腔健康教育前后,儿童的牙菌斑清除率为9.98%与30.97%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过进行口腔健康教育,能够使儿童从小就养成良好的卫生习惯,掌握正确的刷牙方式,有效保护牙齿,保持口腔健康。     

Increased Renal Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Function in Obese Zucker Rat

Angiotensin II (Ang II) via the activation of AT₁ receptors and subsequent stimulation of the tubular sodium transporters increases sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal tubule. An enhanced tubular action of Ang II is implicated in obesity related hypertension; however, the mechanism of such a phenomenon is unknown. Present study was designed to determine the AT₁ receptor numbers and function in the proximal tubule of obese and lean Zucker rats. Obese Zucker rats were hypertensive and hyperinsulinemic. The plasma renin activity was similar in the lean and obese rats. Angiotensin II stimulated the Na,H‐exchanger (NHE) activity in the proximal tubule, but the stimulatory response was markedly greater in obese than in lean rats. Similarly, Ang II caused greater inhibition in cAMP accumulation in the proximal tubule of obese compared to lean rats. The [¹²⁵I]sar‐Ang II binding revealed a 100% increase in the AT₁ receptor number in the brush border membrane (BBM) of obese compared to lean rats. The Western blot analysis revealed a 36–51% increase in the Giα₁ and Giα₃ in the BBM of obese compared to lean rats. We conclude that increases in the AT₁ receptor number and abundance of the Giα on BBM may be responsible for the enhanced signaling and subsequent greater stimulation of NHE by Ang II in proximal tubules of obese rats. The greater stimulation of NHE by Ang II may contribute to the increased tubular sodium reabsorption and to the hypertension in obese Zucker rats.     

Changes in sputum cytology,airway inflammation and oxidative stress due to chronic inhalation of biomass smoke during cooking in premenopausal rural Indian women

To perform sputum analysis for verification of pulmonary changes in premenopausal rural Indian women chronically exposed to biomass smoke during cooking.Three consecutive morning sputum samples were collected from 196 women (median age 34 years) cooking with biomass and 149 age-matched control women cooking with cleaner fuel liquefied petroleum gas. Smears made on slides were stained with Papanicolaou and Perl's Prussian blue. Airway oxidative stress was estimated as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (by flow cytometry) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level (by spectrophotometry) in sputum cells. Airway inflammation was measured as sputum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, -8 and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α). Particulate matter of diameter less than 10 (PM₁₀) was measured using laser photometer while benzene exposure was monitored by measuring trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in urine by HPLC-UV. Compared with control, sputum of biomass users contained more neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, alveolar macrophages, and showed presence of ciliocytophthoria, Charcot-Leyden crystals, Curschmann's spiral. ROS generation was increased by 2-fold while SOD was depleted by 31% in biomass users. They also had higher sputum levels of IL-6, -8 and TNF-α. Levels of PM₁₀ and t,t-MA were 2.9- and 5.8-times higher in biomass-using women. PM₁₀ and t,t-MA levels were positively associated with cellular changes in the sputum, markers of airway inflammation, and oxidative stress. Cooking with biomass alters sputum cytology, and increases airway inflammation and oxidative stress that might result in further amplification of the tissue damaging cascade in women chronically exposed to biomass smoke.     

细胞DNA倍体定量分析在宫颈癌与癌前病变中的应用探讨

目的：将细胞DNA倍体定量分析方法与TBS常规细胞学方法应用于宫颈癌及癌前病变的筛查,比较两者的诊断效果,以提高诊断的准确性.方法：对门诊及体检的3165名妇女进行宫颈癌筛查.用宫颈刷取材,液基薄层制片后,分别进行DNA染色和巴氏染色,并分别进行全自动细胞扫描诊断和TBS常规细胞学诊断,对以上检查可疑的妇女在阴道镜下行宫颈组织学活检.结果：细胞DNA倍体分析系统发现异常303例（9.57％）,常规细胞学检查发现异常189例（5.98％）.135例妇女进行了活检,以病理诊断结果为标准,计算出DNA定量分析方法及常规细胞学方法在筛查CINⅡ以上宫颈病变的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值,分别为84.21％、86.96％、84.21％和46.97％、91.30％和83.78％.结论：细胞DNA倍体定量分析方法在宫颈癌及癌前病变的筛查中具有较高的敏感性.     

高危型 HPV–DNA 分型联合 TCT 及阴道镜 检查在宫颈癌前病变早期筛查中的价值

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）分型联合薄层液基细胞检查（TCT） 及阴道镜检查在宫颈癌前病变早期筛查中的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析 2019 年 1 月至 2022 年 1 月中山大学附属 第一医院惠亚医院收入的宫颈癌前病变患者 100 例,以及慢性宫颈炎患者 60 例,对两组患者均进行高危型 HPV– DNA 分型、TCT 以及阴道镜检查,以病理检查结果作为金标准,分析高危型 HPV–DNA 分型检测、TCT 以及阴道镜 检查三种检查方案单项以及联合检测的诊断效能,并比较差异。结果：高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋ TCT ＋阴道镜诊断 宫颈癌前病变的灵敏度为 98.00 %（98/100）,特异度为 38.33 %（23/60）,准确率为 75.62 %（121/160）;高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋ TCT ＋阴道镜灵敏度高于高危型 HPV–DNA 分型、TCT、阴道镜单项检查;TCT ＋阴道镜、高危 型 HPV–DNA 分型＋阴道镜、高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋ TCT、阴道镜、高危型 HPV–DNA 分型灵敏度均高于 TCT 单 项检查;高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋阴道镜、高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋ TCT 灵敏度均高于阴道镜检查,差异均具有统 计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋ TCT ＋阴道镜、TCT ＋阴道镜、高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋阴道镜、 高危型 HPV–DNA 分型＋ TCT、阴道镜、高危型 HPV–DNA 分型准确度高于 TCT 单项检查,差异均具有统计学意义 （P ＜ 0.05）;而其他检查方案间的准确度比较,差异均无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）;不同检查方案间特异度、 阳性预测值及阴性预测值比较,差异均无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。结论：宫颈癌前病变早期筛查中应用高危型 HPV–DNA 分型、TCT、阴道镜检查三者联合检查,相较于单项检查可显著提高灵敏度,减少漏诊情况。     

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目的 探讨辅助检查在诊断亚急性甲状腺炎中的作用。方法 回顾分析372例亚急性甲状腺炎病人所做的各项辅助检查结果。结果 血沉，B超，彩色多普勒，甲状腺核素扫描，甲状腺吸^131I率测定，细针穿刺细胞学，TMA，TGA等项检查诊断本病的阳性率分别为93.75%,81.63%,95.62%,89.66%,69.70%,89.41%,13.46%和9.62%。T3，T4，TSH检查结果随着病程的进展变化较大。结论 血沉检查对诊断本病缺乏特异性；彩色多普勒，细针穿刺细胞学检查诊断率高，特异性强，是首选的检查手段；甲状腺核素扫描可以准确地反映甲状腺功能状态；检测血清中T3，T4，TSH水平可以协助诊断本病，判断疾病所处时期。     

Guidelines (short version) of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) on cervical lymphatic malformation in adults and children: Diagnosis

Objectives

The authors present the guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) for the diagnosis of cervical lymphatic malformation in adults and children.