乌鲁木齐市工业区及阿勒泰地区儿童支气管哮喘的流行病学调查

选择乌鲁木齐市的几个工业区和阿勒泰地区进行了儿童哮喘的流行病学调查。初步摸清了两地区儿童哮喘的发病情况,患病率分别为0.94％和0.49％,为今后我区儿童哮喘的防治提供了基础数据。同时,我们还收集了近6年来乌鲁木齐市地区的气象资料,对气象因素与哮喘之间的关系作了初步分析。     

Demonstration of dilatation of peripheral airways

Summary. To investigate the ability of various lung-function tests to demonstrate dilatation of peripheral airways, ten asthmatics inhaled increasing doses of a f2-agonist by two different and controlled techniques. Low inspiratory flow with a long post-inspi-ratory pause favoured peripheral deposition, and a high inspiratory flow with a short post-inspiratory pause favoured central deposition of drug in the airways. Ordinary spirometry, maximum expiratory flow rates after breathing air as well as a helium-oxygen mixture, a single breath N₂-test and resistance of the respiratory system were obtained before and after each of five terbutaline doses with both inhalation techniques. By using a double-dummy technique, the study could be performed double blinded. Effects were compared at doses giving equal effects on PEF, assumed to represent equal deposition of bronchodilator and effects on central airways. At such ‘iso A PEF doses’, particularly FVC and the slope of phase III of the N₂-test improved more following the slow inhalation technique. It is concluded that changes in those tests reflect dilatation in peripheral airways in asthmatics.,     

Pronounced bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma severity

Summary. Fifty-six asthmatics from an asthma ward or from an asthma out-patient clinic were challenged with two low concentrations (0–03 and 0–012 mg) of metacholine chloride in order to assess the relationship between pronounced hyper-responsiveness and asthma severity in a clinical setting. Only inhaled bronchodilators were stopped before challenge. Asthma severity was assessed retrospectively and prospectively on the basis of treatment, number of days in hospital, intensive care, number of emergency visits and days on sick-leave. The results show that pronounced hyper-responsiveness (n= 28) is not associated with asthma severity. It is concluded that a single simplified test of pronounced bronchial hyper-responsiveness, performed without taking into consideration the actual state of the disease and without stopping all medication, is of no help in identifying the patients with the clinically most severe asthma and worst prognosis.,     

‘You have to learn to live with it’: a qualitative and quantitative study of older people with asthma

Introduction: Asthma mortality has declined overall because of a range of public health initiatives. In western countries, the majority of asthma deaths now occur in people over the age of 50. The reasons for the poorer response of older age groups to public health asthma initiatives are not known. Objectives: We undertook a study to investigate the disease perspectives of older people with asthma and barriers which may exist and prevent optimal asthma care. Methods: Fifty‐five participants (16 male and 39 female) aged over 50 from an inner city, suburban area and a rural region were recruited. Lung function was measured, and questionnaire data on asthma symptoms, knowledge and control, medication use and respiratory health were collected. Participants were also interviewed in‐depth, and the quantitative and qualitative data were triangulated. Results: Participants with a duration of asthma for >30 years reported significantly fewer symptoms and better quality of life irrespective of asthma severity, indicating less appreciation of symptoms in those with a long asthma duration. Interviews revealed this was related to previous asthma management strategies when treatment options were limited. Participants with a recent diagnosis sought understanding of asthma and the reason for their illness. Initiatives to improve asthma care in older people need to reflect these findings. Conclusions: Self‐management strategies for older people need to be tailored according to the time of disease onset and the duration of disease. Please cite this paper as: Goeman DP, O’Hehir RE, Jenkins C, Scharf SL and Douglass JA. ‘You have to learn to live with it’: a qualitative and quantitative study of older people with asthma. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2007; 1:99–105.     

MSCT支气管动脉三维成像对中心型肺癌的血供研究

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)三维支气管动脉成像在中心型肺癌中的影像学表现．为显示中心型肺癌的血供来源及介入治疗提供理论依据。方法：对18例中心型肺癌的患者行MSCT造影增强检查，采用实时螺旋薄层CT扫描，在独立工作站行支气管动脉三维重建，使用不同的旋转轴观察支气管动脉的空间解剖细节。结果：其中6例(33．33％)中心型肺癌的支气管动脉三维图像能够清晰显示出支气管动脉的起源、走行的路径(肺内段和纵隔段)和血管直径等。有肺动脉明显狭窄截断的病例支气管动脉显示率最高，且明显增粗，表明此类肺癌的血供来源主要以支气管动脉为主。三维成像中以容积再现(VR)技术显示最佳。结论：MscT三维支气管动脉成像能够准确、直观地显示支气管动脉的空间解剖特点，为中心型肺癌的血供研究及介入治疗提供理论基础。     

Longitudinal decline in pulmonary function in atopic cough and cough variant asthma

OBJECTIVE: Cough variant asthma and atopic cough are different clinical manifestations of eosinophilic airway inflammation presenting with isolated chronic non-productive cough. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal change in pulmonary function in cough variant asthma and atopic cough. METHODS: Longitudinal change in FEV1 was prospectively examined in 20 patients with cough variant asthma, 14 patients with atopic cough and 271 asymptomatic healthy subjects. All were lifetime non-smokers. Of the 20 cough variant asthma patients, 13 were taking long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy (ICS) (beclomethasone dipropionate 615 +/- 58 micro g/day) and the other seven were not. Spirometry was taken at first visit, after cough was almost completely relieved on therapy, and at least once every year for 5 or more years afterwards. RESULTS: The slope of longitudinal change in FEV1 was not significantly different among cough variant asthma patients (- 0.029 +/- 0.007/year), atopic cough patients (- 0.021 +/- 0.022/year) and asymptomatic subjects (- 0.028 +/- 0.002 L/year). In patients with cough variant asthma, the slope in patients not taking inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was 0.032 +/- 0.007 L/year, which was not significantly different from that in patients taking ICS (- 0.027 +/- 0.010 L/year). CONCLUSION: Pulmonary function decline is not greater in cough variant asthma than atopic cough and the normal population, and long-term ICS has no effect on the decline in cough variant asthma.     

可溶性白细胞介素-2受体与支气管哮喘

支气管哮喘是常见病和多发病，多种细胞因子参与了支气管哮喘的发病过程。发作期支气管哮喘患者血清可溶性白细胞介素—2受体(SIL—2R)水平明显增高。本文就这方面的进展作一综述。     

脉冲震荡法与常规通气在支气管激发试验中的对比研究

目的：探讨用脉冲震荡法(Impulse Oscilbmetry IOS)测定呼吸阻力在支气管激发试验中的诊断价值。方法：对72例门诊及住院就诊有自觉症状，临床怀疑为支气管哮喘而不能确诊的患者进行支气管激发试验，用IOS测定5～35赫兹震荡频率时的粘性阻力(R5-R35)，5赫兹时的周边弹性阻力(X5)，共振频率(Fres)，阻抗(Zre)，与常规通气一秒量(FEV1)，呼气峰流速值(PEF)，1秒率(FEV1／FVC％)进行对比研究。结果：支气管激发试验阳性组患者FEV1比试验前FEV1基础值降低20％的同时呼吸阻力明显增加，且阻力增加较FEV1下降出现早，部分支气管激发试验通气功能阴性的患者而阻力增加。结论：脉冲震荡法为一种新型肺功能测定方法，用于支气管激发试验可大大减少以往常规通气测定中的不足，对支气管激发试验阴性的患者在鉴别诊断上增加了新的内容。