腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗盆腔炎性包块的比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗盆腔炎性包块的可行性及其价值。方法:收集1999年6月至2004年7月间,41例腹腔镜手术治疗的盆腔炎性包块及13例开腹手术病例,比较其住院天数、费用、疾病种类、手术和术后恢复情况。结果:腹腔镜手术和开腹手术相比较,两组手术时间、住院费用及手术费用差异无显著性(P>0.05),腹腔镜组手术并发症、术中出血量少于开腹手术组,术后排气时间、体温恢复到正常时间、血象恢复时间、术后拆线时间、住院时间均短于开腹手术组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗盆腔炎性包块是可行的,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

北京地区儿童性别年龄别身体组成成分检测的意义

目的应用电阻抗法了解北京地区正常儿童性别年龄别身体组成成分。方法选择北京市西城区中、小学6~14岁、相对体质量在正常范围(80%~120%)内的健康儿童587名,排除慢性疾病。用电阻抗法测量和计算体脂肪(BF)率、体脂肪量、除脂肪量。结果除脂肪量和脂肪量在男、女童两组均随着年龄的增加而增加。男童组各年龄段除脂肪量高于女童组,体脂肪率低于女童组。当体质量指数(BMI)<20 kg/m2时,男、女童BF率显示一个高值状态。结论我国儿童体BF率比BMI预计的要高。     

体外诱导小鼠骨髓单个核细胞向内皮分化的实验研究

目的:为组织工程研究做准备,分离培养小鼠骨髓单个核细胞并诱导向血管内皮分化。方法:成年Balb/c小鼠,应用淋巴细胞分离液(密度1.077g/m l),将长骨骨髓经F icoll非连续密度梯度离心,收集中层的单个核细胞,加入诱导培养基并置于纤维连接素包被的培养板上进行诱导分化,观察细胞生长状况,以透射电镜及Ⅷ因子、CD31、Lectin免疫组化以及流式细胞仪方法对培养细胞进行鉴定。结果:细胞圆形、纺锤形单层融合贴壁生长;Ⅷ因子、CD31、Lectin免疫组化染色阳性;透射电镜显示细胞具有内皮特征性的W-P小体。结论:采用F icoll密度梯度离心可获得较高纯度的骨髓单个核细胞,经体外培养并诱导分化,具有血管内皮细胞的特征。     

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Osteosarcomas

The ultrasonographic appearances of osteosarcomas and the roles of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and surgical staging of osteosarcomas were investigated. A comparative study was performed on 45 cases of osteosarcomas by ultrasonography and radiography. Bony changes, periosteal reaction and soft tissue mass were evaluated for each lesion. The results showed that ultrasonography revealed a solid mass around bone in 42 patients, bone destruction in 24 patients and periosteal reaction in 16 patients. Plain radiographs showed bony changes in 44 patients and no bony change in remaining one patient, shadowing of soft tissue swelling in 30 patients, and pulmonary metastases in 3 patients. Surgical biopsy and pathological examination confirmed osteosarcoma in all 45 patients. Soft tissue mass was confirmed in 42 patients surgically. The diagnostic accuracy of soft tissue masses by ultrasonography and radiography was 100 % (42/42) and 71.4 % (30/42), respectively. The positive rate of ultrasonography and radiography in displaying bony changes was 53.3 % (24/45) and 97.8 % (44/45), respectively. In conclusion, in the detection of soft tissue mass of osteosarcoma, ultrasonography is superior to radiography, and in displaying bony changes of osteosarcomas, radiography is superior to ultrasonography. So it may come to a conclusion that plain radiography combined with ultrasonography can completely display the bony and soft tissue lesion of osteosarcomas.     

一维质量矩控制系统建模与试验

为了大惯性质量控制系统硬件在环仿真的需要,研制了一种新型的控制系统试验装置。采用实测试验数据与M atlab仿真协同分析方法,完成了系统关键模块的试验建模。目前该试验系统在3°角度范围内,在受扰状态下能够自动平衡空间姿态。试验结果表明:该系统具有适于大惯性质量对象的硬件在环仿真的特点。     

WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age

Aim: To describe the methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age, and to present resulting growth charts. Methods: The WHO Child Growth Standards were derived from an international sample of healthy breastfed infants and young children raised in environments that do not constrain growth. Rigorous methods of data collection and standardized procedures across study sites yielded very high-quality data. The generation of the standards followed methodical, state-of-the-art statistical methodologies. The Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method, with curve smoothing by cubic splines, was used to construct the curves. The BCPE accommodates various kinds of distributions, from normal to skewed or kurtotic, as necessary. A set of diagnostic tools was used to detect possible biases in estimated percentiles or z-score curves. Results: There was wide variability in the degrees of freedom required for the cubic splines to achieve the best model. Except for length/height-for-age, which followed a normal distribution, all other standards needed to model skewness but not kurtosis. Length-for-age and height-for-age standards were constructed by fitting a unique model that reflected the 0.7-cm average difference between these two measurements. The concordance between smoothed percentile curves and empirical percentiles was excellent and free of bias. Percentiles and z-score curves for boys and girls aged 0–60 mo were generated for weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, weight-for-length/height (45 to 110 cm and 65 to 120 cm, respectively) and body mass index-for-age.
Conclusion: The WHO Child Growth Standards depict normal growth under optimal environmental conditions and can be used to assess children everywhere, regardless of ethnicity, socio-economic status and type of feeding.     

马利兰和环磷酰胺预处理方案的非亲缘异基因骨髓移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征

目的:评估以马利兰和环磷酰胺(Bu-CY2)为预处理方案的非亲缘异基因骨髓移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的临床疗效。方法:对6例MDS患者进行非亲缘异基因骨髓移植术,以Bu-CY2为预处理方案,Bu 4 m g.k-g 1.d-1,-7 d~-4 d,CY 60 m g.k-g 1.-d 1,-3 d~-2 d。输入单个核细胞数(MNC)为3.38×108/kg(2.4×108/kg~4.6×108/kg),CD 34+细胞数5.81×106/kg(1.2×106/kg~8.5×106/kg),粒-巨噬细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)数2.88×105/kg(1.61×105/kg~4.56×105/kg)。以霉酚酸酯加环孢素A(C sA)和短程氨甲蝶呤(MTX)预防移植物抗宿主病,前列腺素E1脂质微球预防肝静脉阻塞病。结果:6例患者中性粒细胞≥0.5×109/L的中位时间为18 d(13~21 d),血小板≥20×109/L的中位时间为21 d(13~24 d)。经DNA短串联重复序列多态性分析和染色体检查,均为供者骨髓植活。早期死亡率为0,移植后随访时间为27个月(6~60个月)。目前实际无病生存6例,缓解期实际生存率100%。结论:以Bu-CY2为预处理方案的非亲缘异基因骨髓移植是治疗MDS的有效方法。     

不同表面处理的种植入早期表面沉积物的分析研究

目的：比较两种不同表面处理的种植体在植入早期表面沉积物的差异及其骨组织反应。方法：将表面经双重酸-双氧水热处理和双重酸处理的种植体分别植入兔子胫骨内，然后，采用带能谱分析的扫描电镜观测2、4、8周带种植体的骨组织。结果：植入2周后在两组种植体表面均沉积富含钙磷层；4周时这层结构大部分消失，但双重酸-双氧水-热处理组可见较多的骨生成细胞附着在种植体表面并形成新骨。8周时两组种植体表面均附着一些新骨，但以双重酸-双氧水-热处理组相对较多。结论：两组种植体在植入早期表面均可形成富含钙磷层。     

BMP/Smads信号传导通路在兔下颌持续前导后髁突的表达

目的：探讨免下颌持续功能前导后髁突软骨中BMP／Smads信号传导通路表达与髁突改建的关系。方法：60只8周龄的日本大耳白兔，随机分成实验组（n=36）和对照组（n=24），实验组动物每日24h戴用咬合前导矫正器。实验动物分别在第3天、1周、2周、4周、8周及12周时处死并取材，用免疫组化方法观测髁突组织内BMP-2和Smad1／5、4、6的分布和表达，并对其表达进行灰度测定。结果：BMP-2和Smad1／5、4、6主要在髁突软骨过渡层和肥大层软骨细胞中表达，钙化层的软骨细胞和成骨细胞中也可见BMP-2和Smad1／5、4、6的表达。实验组兔髁突软骨BMP-2和Smad1／5、4、6的表达强度在早期高于同期对照组（P〈0．05），与髁突骨组织改建的活跃程度同步。结论：下颌持续前导后，Smad1／5、4、6作为BMP-2的细胞内信号传导分子，与下颌髁突适应性生长改建关系密切。