基于VAS评价右美托咪定在宫颈癌根治术后镇痛及术后快速康复中的临床效果

目的:研究右美托咪定在宫颈癌根治术后镇痛及术后快速康复中的临床应用效果。方法:将2015年7月至2018年7月在本院行宫颈癌根治术的86例患者随机分为对照组和观察组各43例。对照组术后镇痛采用舒芬太尼和格拉司琼，观察组术后镇痛加用右美托咪定。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价患者术后1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h疼痛情况，采用Ramesay评分法评价患者不同时间点镇静状况，记录并比较两组患者不同时间点收缩压、舒张压、心率及呼吸频率变化，比较两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h VAS评分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），Ramesay评分均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组和对照组患者术后不同时间点呼吸频率比较，差异无统计学意义，但术后6 h、12 h、24 h观察组患者收缩压、心率均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），术后1 h、6 h观察组患者舒张压明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组患者恶心呕吐、高血压发生率较对照组明显减低。结论:右美托咪定用于宫颈癌根治术后镇痛，可以提高镇痛镇静效果，稳定患者血流动力学，有助于术后快速康复。     

早期胃癌内镜治疗后追加外科手术病例特点、适应证和术式选择

内镜治疗技术的发展进一步推动了早期胃癌的微创治疗。然而，随之而来的问题是，部分接受内镜治疗的病人会出现非治愈性切除。早期胃癌内镜治疗后非治愈性病人的后续处理原则值得进一步关注。结合欧洲肿瘤内科学会（ESMO）、美国国家综合癌症网络（NCCN）及日本胃癌学会等国际指南及相关临床研究并回顾分析单中心数据后可得出结论，eCura-C的病人具有相对较高的癌残留风险，在与病人充分沟通后可考虑追加手术，但仍有较高的术后病理学无癌残留的风险。术式选择和切除范围可参考早期胃癌相关规定。如何准确预测非治愈性病人的淋巴结转移仍是未来的重点。前哨淋巴结活检及腹腔镜内镜联合手术是未来的发展方向。     

高流量吸氧与面罩吸氧在胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后氧疗效果对比

目的观察高流量湿化吸氧与常规面罩吸氧在食管癌患者行胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后治疗的临床效果。方法将36例择期行胸腔镜辅助下食管癌根治术后患者随机分为常规面罩吸氧对照组(A组)和高流量湿化吸氧治疗组(B组),对两组患者治疗2 h、6 h和24 h后的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析等指标进行比较,了解两种吸氧方式在食管癌患者行胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后治疗上的优劣。结果两组患者治疗2 h、6 h和24 h的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析发现,A组动脉氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压较B组降低,动脉血二氧化碳分压、呼吸频率较B组增高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论与常规面罩吸氧比较,高流量湿化面罩吸氧可以使胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后患者有更满意的氧合效果,值得在临床上推广。     

Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣修复眼睑缺损的作用探讨

目的探讨眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术中应用Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣I期修复眼睑缺损的临床效果。方法将50例眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术患者按不同缝合方法分为两组,即对照组25例,术中直接缝合;观察组25例,术中行Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣I期修复;比较两组眼睑修复效果。结果观察组术后皮瓣成活率96.0%、切口Ⅰ期愈合率100%、修复满意率92.0%,均高于对照组的72.0%、68.0%、56.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术中眼睑缺损修复时,采用Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣,眼睑修复良好,患者修复满意率高,值得推广应用。     

改良睑黄色瘤切除手术的观察

目的 观察改良睑黄色瘤切除术的应用效果。方法 选择病灶〈10mm以下的瘤体为手术观察对象，共22例（38眼）。按超皮损病灶边界1mm设计切口缘，梭形切除病灶，深达真皮层，在显微镜下清除皮下组织及切缘脂肪组织，松解切口边缘皮肤，连续皮内缝合切口。另外，酌情行上睑松弛矫治术。结果 失访2例（2眼），随访20例（36眼）6—12个月，未见黄色瘤复发，切口平整，痕迹隐约。结论 采用改良睑黄色瘤切除术更会增强眼睑形态美感。     

Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the major vasculature. A European case-control series

Tumor thrombus in major vasculature is a frequent finding with a poor long-term prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The utility of surgical resection is still controversial. This study compared morbidity and survival after resection for HCC with and without tumor thrombus. Data of 108 patients who underwent major hepatic resection for HCC were prospectively recorded. Patients were divided into two groups. The venous thrombectomy (VT) group included 26 patients who had HCC with tumor thrombus in the portal or hepatic veins. The matched control group included 82 patients who had HCC without tumor thrombus. Surgical technique, early outcome, and late survival were analyzed in each group. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of this feature. Surgical technique was comparable in the VT and control group with regard to extent of hepatectomy, procedure duration, and transfusion requirements. Early postoperative outcome was also comparable. Actuarial survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 38%, 20%, and 13%, respectively, in the VT group (median: 9 months) versus 74%, 56%, and 33%, respectively, in the control group (median: 41 months). In the subgroup of patients with tumor thrombus limited to the portal vein, actuarial survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 50%, 26%, and 17%, respectively, (median: 12 months) and two patients lived longer than 5 years. Multivariate analysis showed that incomplete resection, alphafetoprotein level greater than 100 N, more than two tumor nodules, and tumor thrombus in major vasculature were independent factors of poor prognosis. Survival after resection for HCC with tumor thrombus in the major vasculature is poorer than after resection for HCC without tumor thrombus. However, an aggressive surgical strategy can provide significant survival with comparable morbidity in selected cases, that is, tumor thrombus located in the portal vein only and expected complete resection of the lesions.     

骶骨肿瘤的分区切除与重建方式的选择

目的：探讨对骶骨肿瘤按其发生部位进行分区切除，选择相应重建方式的方法及疗效。方法：1988年2月-2005年1月手术治疗43例骶骨肿瘤患者，按肿瘤侵及部位（即上段骶骨、骶髂关节及骶髂关节水平向外的髂骨是否被破坏）对骶骨肿瘤进行分区切除并重建，相应的手术及重建方式包括单纯切除、钢针加塑形骨水泥（CPC）重建骶骨、钢板螺钉固定或骶骨螺钉固定重建骶髂关节、不同长度的Luque棒或髂骨棒加钢丝缠扎或TSRH或Isola或CGWS腰椎骨盆内固定。并给予相应的放疗与化疗。结果：术后出现脑脊液漏2例，切口感染及延期愈合3例，切口皮肤边缘坏死1例，下肢深静脉血栓形成1例，经积极处理后均治愈。随访1-17年，平均75个月，43例患者中39例（90．7％）术后疼痛得到缓解，视觉模拟疼痛评分由术前平均8．5分降低到术后3.4分（P〈0．01）。14例有神经功能损害的患者中，11例术后症状改善，3例无改善。20例行自体和或异体植骨的患者术后1年16例获得骨性融合。3例脊索瘤、3例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤和4例骨巨细胞瘤患者于术后1年因复发而进行1次或多次手术，其中有5例和1例骨髓瘤、1例转移癌患者于术后17-50个月因肺部和全身转移死亡。发生断棒2例，均再次手术更换断棒。结论：按肿瘤部位进行分区切除，选择相应的重建方式，达到尽可能广泛切除肿瘤组织和维持脊柱及骨盆稳定性的目的．是取得良好疗效的重要保证。     

经尿道电切术治疗膀胱白斑20例报告

目的：探讨膀胱白斑的病因，诊断与治疗。方法：采用经尿道电切术治疗膀胱白斑患者20例，均经尿道超越白斑边缘0.5cm处开始电切，深达粘膜下层或浅肌层。结果：本组20例均经病理检查证实为膀胱白斑，术后拔除尿管后尿路刺激征消失，随访3个月-5年未见复发及恶变者。结论：经尿道电切治疗膀胱白斑手术方法简单，易于掌握，创伤小，配合抗生素治疗效果显著。     

经尿道前列腺电切气化术治疗前列腺增生568例报告

目的 :进一步探讨前列腺增生 (BPH)的有效手术新方法。方法 :采用经尿道前列腺电切术和气化术治疗BPH患者 5 6 8例。结果 :疗效满意 ,术后 3～ 6个月随访 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS) 8.5± 1.5分 ;最大尿流率 (Q max) 2 0 .5± 4 .5ml s,剩余尿量 2 9.1± 14 .2ml,未出现严重并发症。结论 :将电切和气化相结合行经尿道前列腺切除术是一种安全性高、并发症少、疗效确切的新手术方法 ,具有操作易掌握、出血少、速度快、安全可靠等优点。     

Self-expandable metallic stents in the treatment of post-esophagogastrostomy/post-esophagoenterostomy fistula

Esophageus or gaster resection in patients with malignant disease is still a treatment of choice. It is obvious that each surgical procedure in these patients carries some possibility of complications. Esophageo-gastric or esophageo-jejuno anastomosis has a 4-27% frequency of fistula occurrence. All these result in 65% mortality in cases of poorer prognosis. The aim of this paper is not to present all types of complications but to objectively analyse the usefulness of the covered stent placement in the treatment of anastomotic fistulas. We present six patients who were treated for postoperative fistula of esophageo-gastric anastomosis (1 case) or esophageo-jejuno anastomosis (5 cases). All patients were treated with stapler suture for digestive tract reconstruction after malignancy removal during the primary surgical procedure. Signs and symptoms of suture leak between 5-8 days post-surgery were observed. Conservative therapy was not effective. Thus a new method of treatment was employed - covered stent placement. The procedure was performed under X-ray control. In all treated patients there was change for the better and quick reduction of secretion from the fistulas was observed. All patients were discharged from the department after several days and all had survived at 30 days follow-up. Covered esophageal stent placement seems to be a safe and promising method of treatment for patients with anastomotic fistula which significantly reduces mortality and improves quality of live. Our experiences confirms that of other investigators.