SELDI-TOF-MS技术对胃炎诊断的应用

目的采用蛋白质剖析技术同时解析和分析多种蛋白质，从而找出更好的生物标记物，用于检测胃炎。方法用SELDI—TOF—MS技术及配套蛋白质芯片检测30例慢性胃炎和64例非胃炎疾病患者的血清蛋白质指纹图谱，建立诊断模型。结果2个蛋白质峰[5084和8691质荷比（m／z））组合构建的诊断模型鉴别慢性胃炎和健康志愿者，灵敏度为96．66％（29／30），特异性为93．55％（29／31）。2个蛋白质峰（5910和6440m/z合的诊断模型鉴别胃炎和胃癌患者的灵敏度为96．6％（29／30），特异性为90．9％（30／33）。结论SELDI—TOF—MS在慢性胃炎的诊断尤其是早期诊断及候选标志物筛选等方面具有一定价值，值得进一步深入研究。     

Oncogene proteins as biomarkers in the molecular epidemiology of occupational carcinogenesis

Summary The use of oncogene proteins as biomarkers offers a new approach to the molecular epidemiologic evaluation of occupational carcinogenesis. The ras oncogene-encoded p21 protein represents a prototype for this type of study, since it is known to be activated by common occupational carcinogens, is frequently found in human tumors of occupational concern, and, at least in certain instances, appears to be expressed relatively early in the disease process, allowing the possibility of early detection and intervention. Herein, we review our experience with the use of immunologic detection of p21 in cohorts with cancer or at risk for the development of cancer due to their occupational exposures. The results suggest that p21 (particularly when used with other oncoproteins and biomarkers such as PAH-DNA adducts) will indeed be a useful addition to the growing armamentarium of molecular epidemiologic biomarkers in the study of occupational carcinogenic mechanisms and in the detection and prevention of occupational cancers.This paper was delivered at the presentation of the Robert R. J. Hilker Award in Occupational Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, March 30, 1990     

大肠癌LoVo细胞培养液和裂解液中蛋白质的飞行质谱法比较

目的探讨LoVo细胞培养液、裂解液中蛋白质有无异同。方法应用美国CipherGen公司IMAC3(Immobilized metal affinity capture,金属亲和表面)芯片和蛋白质芯片仪检测LoVo细胞培养液、裂解液进行对比研究。结果LoVo细胞培养液、裂解液所含蛋白质质荷比不同。结论LoVo细胞培养液、裂解液无相同的蛋白质。     

Urinary cotinine as a tobacco-smoke exposure index: a minireview

A minireview is presented concerning the use of cotinine as a tobacco-smoke exposure index. First, general considerations about methods for the determination of urinary cotinine are presented. Besides pure analytical aspects, this minireview considers major problems encountered in the establishment of threshold values that can be used to distinguish not only smokers from nonsmokers but also nonsmokers exposed or not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In addition, the use of urinary cotinine is illustrated in several situations where smoking status assessment is of interest. Such situations include evaluation of the impact of smoking cessation programs, monitoring of pregnancy and of other groups at risk, assessment of occupational exposure to industrial pollutants, validation of phase I clinical trials, and the control of life insurance candidates. The specific problem of ETS exposure assessment is briefly mentioned. Received: 21 April 1997 / Accepted: 24 September 1997     

Associations between urinary kidney injury biomarkers and cardiovascular mortality risk in elderly men with diabetes

Aim: Three urinary biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and cystatin C, have been suggested as clinically relevant highly specific biomarkers of acute kidney tubular damage. Yet, the utility of these biomarkers in the prognostication of diabetic nephropathy has been less studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between these urinary biomarkers and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.

Methods: The study sample consisted of participants with diabetes in the community-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (n?=?91; mean age 77.8 years). During follow-up (median 8.3 years, interval 0.7–13.4 years), 33 participants died of cardiovascular causes.

Results: In a multivariable Cox regression model adjusting for age, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, higher urinary KIM-1/creatinine was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality (HR per SD increase 1.51, 95% confidence intervals 1.03–2.24, P?=?0.03). Neither urinary NGAL/creatinine nor urinary cystatin C/creatinine were independently associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality risk.

Conclusion: In elderly men with diabetes, higher urinary KIM-1/creatinine was associated with an increased long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality independently of established markers of diabetic nephropathy. Our data provide support for kidney tubular damage as an important aspect of diabetic nephropathy that merits further investigation.     

The prognostic role of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer

Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be isolated from the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Several studies to assess the prognostic and/or predictive role of CTCs have been performed in lung cancer patients.

Areas covered: The state-of-the-art of the role of CTCs in lung cancer patients is reviewed and discussed. A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature and of main meetings using a focused review question was undertaken.

Expert commentary: Although in the revised studies different technologies, cutoffs, patients’ populations and statistical approaches have been used, a high CTCs count as prognostic role in small-cell lung cancer is suggested, whereas additional studies are required to confirm this correlation in non-small-cell lung cancer. A reduction in CTCs count is also likely to be correlated with the lung cancer patients’ outcome. Large prospective trials need to confirm the prognostic and/or predictive role of CTCs in lung cancer.     

Circulating miR-21-5p and miR-148a-3p as emerging non-invasive biomarkers in thymic epithelial tumors

Thymic epithelial cells give rise to both thymoma and thymic carcinoma. A crucial advance in thymic epithelial tumors (TET) management may derive from the identification of novel molecular biomarkers able to improve diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning.In a previous study, we identified microRNAs that were differentially expressed in tumor vs normal thymic tissues. Among the microRNAs resulted up-regulated in TET tissues, we evaluated miR-21-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-34b-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-455-5p as blood plasma circulating non-invasive biomarkers for TET management.We firstly report that the expression levels of specific onco-miRNAs, that we found upregulated in the blood plasma collected from TET patients at surgery, resulted significantly reduced in follow-up samples.This pilot study suggests that circulating miR-21-5p and miR-148a-3p could represent novel non-invasive biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of therapy and the prognosis of TET.