少见胸腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT表现

目的：探讨少见胸腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT表现。方法：搜集8例经病理证实的少见胸腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变，与病理结果对照，结合献分析CT表现。结果：8例中淋巴瘤3例，畸胎瘤2例，囊肿2例，脂肪瘤1例。结论：CT检查对少见胸腺肿瘤及肿瘤样病变有较大价值，部分病变可确诊。     

The hidden aspect of carotid lesions in traffic accidents: A little-known phenomenon

Vascular injuries that occur during traffic accidents are a commonly neglected aspect that can add more detail to the framework of a case. In this study, we analysed a case series of 150 traffic accidents, 39 of which were marked by microscopically identifiable vascular lesions. The purpose was to identify the presence of carotid injuries in individuals who died due to traffic accidents and had nonpenetrating trauma of the neck. We focused on the discrepancies regarding the macroscopical aspect and the histology and demonstrated how histological analysis of the carotids in cases of trauma can reveal injuries that are attributable to the trauma itself. We conducted a histological analysis of the lesions to describe their distribution and type and investigate potential correlations. The study offers insight on how to examine road accidents that involve traumatic injury of the carotid arteries. Indeed the main task of the forensic pathologist in the case of death is to establish the existence of a causal relationship between the micro- or macroscopic alterations observed in the autopsy and the traumatic event that led to the death of the subject. Thus, further morphological elements were provided to the forensic practitioners that may reveal injuries attributable to the trauma itself and should be evaluated in cases of trauma in traffic accidents.     

透明帽法内镜黏膜切除术与多环黏膜套扎切除术治疗早期食管癌及癌前病变的比较研究

目的比较透明帽法内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR—Cap）与多环黏膜套扎切除术（MBM）治疗早期食管癌及癌前病变的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年12月至2009年12月间在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院内镜科接受EMR—CaP治疗的30例（EMR—Cap组）及2010年1月至2011年1月间接受MBM治疗的32例（MBM组）早期食管癌及癌前病变患者的临床资料,比较两种技术的疗效、安全性及费用。结果EMR,Cap组平均病变切除时间和治疗总时间分别为26rain和43min．明显长于MBM组的10min和32min（P=0．036,P=0．038）。切除病变总厚度和黏膜下切除深度两组差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。EMR—Cap组平均治疗费用为（5466±354）元,明显高于MBM组的（4014±368）元（P=0．008）。EMR—Cap组出现术后狭窄1例,MBM组出现术中穿孔1例。术后随访17～42个月,无一例局部复发,EMR—Cap组m现1例淋巴结转移。结论EMR—Cap和MBM均是治疗早期食管癌和癌前病变微创、安全和有效的手段。在保证相同治疗效果的前提下,与EMR—Cap相比,MBM具有操作简单、治疗时间短、治疗成本低的优点,适宜广泛推广和开展。     

应用普通腹腔镜器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

2011年4～11月行52例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,采用5 mm腹腔镜,单孔多通道套管,塑料trocar,常规腹腔镜器械(分离钳、电凝钩、电凝棒等)。trocar和器械错落放置,不要在一个水平面。可吸收夹夹闭胆囊管,超声刀凝固离断胆囊动脉。手术时间18～40 min,平均27 min,术中出血<5 ml。2例放置腹腔引流,48 h后拔除。无胆漏、出血、腹腔积液等并发症。     

The diagnostic accuracy of chromoendoscopy for dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: meta‐analysis of six randomized controlled trials

Aim The diagnostic accuracy of chromoendoscopy for dysplasia in ulcerative colitis (UC) was systematically evaluated. Method Original studies in any language were searched from PubMed and Embase. Meta‐analysis of prospective studies that compared chromoendoscopy with histological diagnosis was carried out. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated for each study and pooled together; summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and subgroup analyses were performed, while the quality of the study and heterogeneity were assessed. Results Six randomized controlled trials were included, which used methylene blue or indigo carmine dye spray. The meta‐analysis demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 35.9–99.6%), specificity of 91.3% (95% CI, 43.8–100%), and DOR of 17.544 (95% CI, 1.245–247.14). Subgroup analyses revealed that both the methylene blue dye spray subgroup and the unspecified endoscopist subgroup include the same studies, and their pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.737 and 0.917, respectively. The other subgroup, which used indigo carmine dye spray, had overall higher sensitivity (0.930) and lower specificity (0.910). Conclusion Chromoendoscopy has medium to high sensitivity and a high diagnostic accuracy for dysplastic lesions in UC.     

Hybrid手术室中胸腔镜下切除肺部微小病灶

目的探讨Hybrid手术室中施行胸腔镜手术对肺部周围型微小病灶进行快速精准切除的价值。方法 2011年3月～2012年2月,在我院新建的Hybrid手术室中,对16例19处肺部周围型微小病灶施行胸腔镜手术切除。患者术前当日在胸部CT引导下经皮穿刺,在病灶处放置血管栓塞用金属弹簧圈定位。病灶定位后将患者接入Hybrid手术室,手术在间断多角度下进行,根据电视屏幕上弹簧圈标记物与胸腔镜操作器械的相对位置和胸腔镜下胸腔内术野的实时影像,确定手术切除部位及范围,在距病灶约3 cm距离处应用强生60 mm直线型切割缝合器,对病变肺叶实施楔形切除,切除的病变组织送快速病理,根据病理报告进行下一步处理。结果所有目标病灶均顺利切除,手术时间15～42 min。良性病变9枚,楔形切除;肺癌10枚,其中1例为双上肺早期鳞癌,行双侧上肺叶楔形切除,其余9例行胸腔镜下肺叶切除及纵隔淋巴结清扫。无中转开胸,无严重术后并发症,无围术期死亡。14例随访1～12个月,平均6.4月,9例恶性病变未见转移和复发。结论术前胸部CT引导下经皮穿刺金属弹簧圈对肺部周围型微小病灶精确定位,通过在Hybrid手术室的实时透视下胸腔镜技术,可以对目标病灶施行精准切除。     

Functions of the splenic remnant after subtotal splenectomy for treatment of severe splenic injuries

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients submitted to subtotal splenectomy during the immediate and late postoperative period. METHODS: The study was conducted on 34 patients, 25 of whom were submitted to subtotal splenectomy (group I), and 9 to total splenectomy without preservation of splenic tissue (group II), and on 22 patients with intact spleens (group III, control). The immediate and late postoperative complications were investigated. Hematological examinations were performed during the late postoperative period (red cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, total and segmented leukocytes, lymphocytes, and Howell-Jolly bodies). Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and total T lymphocytes (TTL), active T lymphocytes (ATL), and B lymphocytes were also determined. Splenic scintigraphy with (99m)Tc colloidal sulfur was performed. RESULTS: Groups I and III did not presented abnormal blood bodies and their hematological and immunological pattern were normal. None of the groups showed leukocytosis or thrombocytosis. Howell-Jolly bodies were observed only in group II, which also showed reduced IgM levels. Scintigraphy showed filtering splenic tissue in group I. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that subtotal splenectomy is a good surgical alternative for serious distal spleen lesion or when the main splenic pedicle is injured.     

MR-guided liver biopsy within a short, wide-bore 1.5 Tesla MR system

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided biopsy of focal liver lesions within a short, wide-bore 1.5-T MR system and to determine the duration and accuracy of needle placement using MR fluoroscopy guidance in 25 patients. Accuracy of needle placement was evaluated in two orthogonal planes, and the out-of-plane angle of needle deflection was measured. Needle positioning was characterised subjectively as centred, peripheral, or exterior relative to the lesion. Exterior positioning was corrected by a step-by-step procedure. Surgical resection (n = 6), previous histologies (n = 8), or clinical/radiological follow-up (n = 11) served as the ‘gold standard’. The guidance needle could be placed successfully using MR fluoroscopy in 20 of 25 patients (80%). Needle placement was rated as ‘centred’ in 11 and as ‘peripheral’ in nine patients. Median needle deflection was 2.6 degrees, with a median deviation of 3.4 mm. In five patients, the direct approach failed or was rated as ‘exterior’; therefore, repositioning after needle stabilisation with a stainless-steel stylet was necessary. The diagnostic yield of all biopsies was: sensitivity 95.5%, specificity 100.0% and accuracy 96.0%. In conclusion, MR-guided biopsies in a short, wide-bore MR system yielded highly reliable biopsy results, and in most cases the direct approach with MR fluoroscopy guidance proved to be fast and accurate.