Protective effects of leflunomide on renal lesions in a rat model if diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes with poor efficacy of clinical treatment. This study investigated the protective effects of leflunomide, a new immunosuppressant, on tubulointerstitial lesions in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 50?mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in male Wistar rats. Two weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were treated daily for 8 weeks with low (5?mg/kg) and high dose (10?mg/kg) of leflunomide, and benazepril hydrochloride (4?mg/kg) as a positive control. In diabetic rats, the 24-h urine volume, urine protein and microalbumin, blood creatinine and urea nitrogen significantly increased, which were attenuated by leflunomide treatment in a dose-dependent manner (all p?相似文献   

乳管镜下置定位针在未扪及肿块乳管内肿物手术中的应用

目的评价乳管镜下放置定位针对未扪及肿块的乳管内占位性病变的定位价值。方法北京友谊医院2006年8月至2008年3月对92例临床未扪及肿块的乳头溢液病人进行117次乳管镜检查,发现24例乳管内占位性病变,均在乳管镜下放置定位针,根据定位进行手术,将乳管镜结果、手术情况、病理结果进行总结分析。结果24例病人中术后病理证实病变21例（875%）,其中导管内乳头状瘤16例,纤维囊性乳腺病2例,导管内癌2 例,导管浸润癌1例。结论乳管镜下放置定位针有助于确定未扪及肿块的病变乳管和乳管内占位性病变位置,有利于提高早期乳腺癌的检出率,准确进行手术切除。     

Balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of metastatic disease of the spine: a 2-year prospective evaluation

There is currently little data on the longer term efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) in patients with metastatic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). To prospectively assess the long-term efficacy and safety of BKP in treating thoracic and lumbar spinal metastatic fractures that result in pain or instability. Sixty-five patients (37 men, mean age: 66 years) underwent 99 BKP procedures. Patient-related outcomes of pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index were assessed pre- and post-operatively and after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Correction of vertebral height and kyphotic deformity were assessed by radiographic measurements. Mean pain VAS and Oswestry Disability Index significantly improved from pre- to post-treatment (P < 0.0001), this improvement being sustained up to 24-month follow up. A gain in height restoration and a reduction of the post-operative kyphotic angle were seen post-operatively and at 3 months although these radiographic outcomes returned to pre-operative levels at 12 months. BKP was associated with a rate of cement leakage and incidence vertebral fracture of 12 and 8%, respectively. No symptomatic cement leaks or serious adverse events were seen during the 24 months of follow up. BKP is a minimally invasive procedure that provides immediate and long-term pain relief and improvement in functional ability in selected patients with metastatic VCFs. The procedure appears to have good long-term safety.     

Characteristics and risk factors of intrarenal arterial lesions in patients with IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Although the clinical importance of immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN) is widely recognized, the characteristics of intrarenal arterial lesions in this disease and the main factors associated with them have not been studied extensively, and a large-scale analysis of intrarenal arterial lesions in IgAN has not been performed. METHODS: To clarify these issues, we investigated the prevalence, underlying factors and significance of intrarenal arterial lesions in 1005 patients with IgAN. We distinguished different degrees of severity of small artery and arteriolar lesions (mild, moderate and severe), using a semi-quantitative scoring system. We compared the arterial lesions of IgAN patients with those of 627 non-IgAN patients, who had mesangial proliferating glomerulonephritis without IgA deposits, and of 221 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). RESULTS: The IgAN patients with arterial lesions were significantly younger than the non-IgAN and MN patients (mean ages 34.6 vs 40.4 and 47.7 years, respectively). The prevalence of intrarenal small artery and arteriolar lesions was 54.6% in IgAN patients, compared with 26.6 and 47.1% in non-IgAN and MN patients, respectively; the percentages of moderate/severe arterial lesions were 37.0 vs 21.6 and 23.1%, respectively; and the percentages of hyaline changes were 43.7 vs 16.8 and 21.2%, respectively. The differences in the prevalence of lesions between IgAN patients and the two other groups were statistically significant for all three parameters. Our search for possible relationships between arterial-arteriolar lesions and various indirect outcome markers disclosed significant associations with hypertension, higher serum creatinine and uric acid, high urinary protein excretion, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, these parameters were changed more markedly in IgAN patients with moderate/severe arterial lesions and hyaline changes than in IgAN patients who had mild arterial lesions and wall thickening alone. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of small intrarenal arterial-arteriolar lesions was higher in IgAN patients than in non-IgAN and MN patients; moreover, the lesions in IgAN patients were associated with younger age, were more severe and exhibited a higher degree of hyaline changes. Finally, the severity of small arterial- arteriolar lesions was linked to several markers of adverse outcome.     

绝经后子宫内膜良恶性病变经阴道多普勒超声与病理检查的诊断对比分析

目的：评价经阴道多普勒超声诊断绝经后子宫内膜良恶性病变的价值。方法回顾性分析2014年6月至2015年6月在我院住院治疗的86例经手术病理证实的绝经后子宫内膜病变患者的临床诊治资料,比较良、恶性病变患者内膜的厚度、子宫动脉血流参数及内膜内动脉血流参数,观察良、恶性病变患者的血流显像的差异。结果经阴道多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜病变与病理检查结果的符合率为89.53%,灵敏度为80.00%,特异度为91.55%;恶性病变组的内膜厚度为(11.31±2.52) mm,大于良性病变组的(8.62±1.91) mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恶性病变组的子宫动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及阻力指数(RI)分别为(22.36±1.76) cm/s、(0.76±0.19),良性病变组分别为(21.81±1.62) cm/s、(0.83±0.25),组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);就子宫内膜内动脉血流参数来看,恶性病变组和良性病变组的内膜动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSVen)分别为(13.29±0.68) cm/s、(13.25±0.72) cm/s,组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),而恶性病变组和良性病变组的内膜动脉收缩期阻力指数(RIen)及血流显示率分别为(0.37±0.06)、86.67%和(0.46±0.11)、23.94%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经阴道多普勒超声在诊断绝经后子宫内膜良恶性病变方面具有较高的诊断符合率,对子宫内膜恶性病变的准确诊断有一定的应用价值,值得临床上广泛应用。     

质子泵抑制剂对伴吞咽障碍脑梗死患者营养状态的影响

目的：探讨质子泵抑制剂（PPI）的预防性使用对伴吞咽障碍的急性期脑梗死患者营养状态的影响。方法：共有155例伴吞咽障碍的脑梗死患者纳入研究,所有患者均予留置鼻饲管及常规的肠内营养,然后随机分配进入PPI组和对照组。PPI组给予泮托拉唑钠针静滴保护胃黏膜,对照组不进行胃黏膜保护治疗。比较2组患者在血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、胃液pH值、NIHSS评分、急性胃黏膜病变（AGML）、病死率上的差异。结果：2组患者在入院时的血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、胃液pH值、NIHSS评分上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。入院2周时血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围均较入院时下降（P＜0.05）,且PPI组下降更为显著（P＜0.05）。PPI组在入院2周时的NIHSS评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）,AGML的发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）,但2组在病死率上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：PPI的使用对脑梗死患者的营养状态有不利的影响,其虽不影响患者的病死率,但影响脑梗死患者神经功能的恢复。故对伴吞咽障碍的脑梗死患者进行胃黏膜保护治疗时,需权衡患者营养不良的风险,做到个体化治疗。     

宫颈癌患者中VEGF、OLFM4、miR-124表达水平及联合对复发预测价值分析

目的 分析嗅觉介导素4(olfactomedin, OLFM4)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular epithelial growth factor, VEGF)、微小RNA-124(microRNA-124,miR-124)检测在宫颈癌(cervical cancer, CC)、宫颈癌前病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)中的表达情况及临床意义。方法 选取于我院行手术治疗的82例CC标本为CC组,同期82例CIN标本为CIN组,82例正常宫颈组织标本为正常组,比较3组以及CC组不同病理参数患者组织标本中VEGF、OLFM4、miR-124表达情况,以Spearman相关性分析探讨组织各指标表达与CC组病理参数的关系,并观察不同预后(复发情况)CC患者组织标本中各指标表达,并分析复发预测价值。结果 CC组VEGF、OLFM4阳性表达率均高于CIN组、正常组,miR-124表达水平均低于CIN组、正常组(P<0.05);不同分期、分化程度、复发情况VEGF、OLFM4、miR-124表达阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.0...     

基于人工智能算法和数字病理切片对非酒精性脂肪性肝病病理特征的识别效果

【摘要】目的 开发基于人工智能算法对非酒精性脂肪肝病理特征的识别模型,研究人工智能模型是否能够识别出包括炎细胞、脂肪变性细胞和纤维化在内的非酒精性脂肪肝病理特征并可视化,帮助病理医生提高识别非酒精性脂肪肝病理特征的效率与准确率。方法 我们通过对65只患有非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的小鼠进行剖取肝脏组织,分别经HE和天狼猩红染色后获得65例HE和65例天狼猩红病理切片。对于HE切片,使用CaseViewer软件在20、30、40倍镜下截取HE染色切片的病变部位图像,将图像上传Horizope专业标注平台进行标注,并按4:1:1的比例将数据集划分为训练集、验证集和测试集,使用基于深度学习模型的U-Net分割网络对非酒精性脂肪肝病理特征进行识别,采用四个评价指标进行性能评估;对于天狼猩红染色切片,使用CaseViewer软件在5倍镜下对天狼猩红染色切片进行全视野截取,采用了颜色特征提取算法进行纤维化识别。对130例原始病理切片进行病理特征的识别和参数的计算,包括脂肪变性面积占比(PFA)的计算、炎细胞密度(DIC)的计算、纤维化面积占比(RFA)的计算,并用统计学方法进行分析。结果 根据识别结果计算病理参数PFA、DIC、RFA并纳入分析,PFA平均值为0.370,中位值为0.371（范围：0.013-0.743）,与得分的相关系数R=0.9476;DIC平均值为313,中位值为288（范围：19-894）,与得分的相关系数R=0.8883;RFA平均值为0.049,中位值为0.0507（范围：0.001-0.121）,与得分的相关系数R=0.9731。结论 人工智能算法对非酒精性脂肪肝病理特征的识别取得了良好的表现,能够帮助病理医生提高识别非酒精性脂肪肝病理特征的效率与准确率,辅助医生对非酒精性脂肪肝进行正确的分级分期和疗效评估。     

血清25-羟维生素D和催乳素与脑白质损伤老年女性患痴呆风险的相关性

目的 探究脑白质损伤(WML)老年女性认知功能的影响因素,寻找WML老年女性患痴呆的潜在生物学标志物.方法 纳入2020年1-6月在海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第一附属医院和上海市杨浦区控江医院神经内科门诊及病房就诊的149例WML老年女性患者和48例无WML的老年女性患者.根据WML严重程度将所有入组患者分为无WML...     

宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜检查对宫颈病变的诊断价值

目的评价宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜检查对宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法对2005-01~2006-12在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院妇科门诊检查的1 160例患者行宫颈细胞学涂片检查,对其中186例细胞学提示阳性或临床高度可疑的患者行阴道镜下活组织病理检查,以病理诊断为金标准,对结果进行分析。结果宫颈涂片检查1 160例中,异常涂片146例(12.59%),临床高度可疑的患者40例行阴道镜检查下活检。病理结果显示:CINⅠ38例,CINⅡ8例,CINⅢ2例,子宫颈鳞癌2例。宫颈涂片细胞学检查诊断宫颈病变符合率为84.0%,阴道镜检查对宫颈病变的诊断符合率为88.0%,两者比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05),两者联合病变检出率为98.0%。结论采用宫颈细胞学检查配合阴道镜下病理检查,可明显提高对宫颈病变诊断的准确率,能满足早期发现癌前病变。