1995年日照市饮料卫生微生物质量检验

１９９５年对我市生产经营的饮料抽样８０份进行了卫生微生物检验，合格率为８８．７５％，其中：合类合格率依次为含乳饮料９３．３３％，汽水８８％，果茶８４．２１％，矿泉水８３．３３％，建议加强饮料生产经营各个环节的卫生管理，以控制细菌污染，保证产品的卫生质量。     

A Time Series Analysis of the Impact of the Alcohol Warning Label on Antenatal Drinking

In a sample of over 12,000 African-American gravidas, we tested the hypothesis that the Federal Beverage Labeling Act of 1988 has decreased antenatal drinking. Results of time series analysis indicated a 7-month lag in the impact of the alcohol warning label. Controlling for population changes, antenatal drinking began to fall as of June 1990. However, this decrease was small in size and did not impact on the heaviest drinkers. Seasonal trends in drinking were also detected, with peaks around the end of the year and the summer.     

强心饮对阿霉素心肌病心力衰竭大鼠模型心肌重构的影响

目的:研究强心饮对阿霉素诱导的心肌病心力衰竭大鼠心肌重构的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组。除空白组外,均采用尾静脉每周注射阿霉素2 mg/kg(共6周)制备心肌病心力衰竭大鼠模型,治疗组同时分别给于强心饮高、中、低剂量,西药对照组给予培哚普利。治疗结束后,进行血流动力学检测,测定心衰大鼠血浆脑钠素(BNP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)及醛固酮(ALD)含量,并作病理形态学观察。结果:强心饮能提高模型大鼠LVEF及FS水平;减少心衰大鼠血浆BNP、AngⅡ、ALD含量。结论:强心饮可以抑制阿霉素心肌病心力衰竭大鼠部分神经内分泌指标的过度增高,从而减轻心肌重构,改善心脏功能。     

The Development of an Assertiveness Program on an Alcoholism Unit

This article describes the integration of an assertion training component into an overall treatment program for alcoholism on an inpatient unit. The usefulness of assertion training is delineated, particularly with regard to relapse prevention. Specific techniques that work well with an alcoholic population are described. Suggestions for the staffing of an assertion training group are made.     

Maternal educational level and preschool children's consumption of high-calorie snacks and sugar-containing beverages: Mediation by the family food environment

Objective

To examine the associations between maternal educational level and preschoolers' consumption of high-calorie snacks and sugar-containing beverages, and to assess the mediating effects of variables relating to the family food environment.

Methods

We analyzed data from 2814 native Dutch preschoolers enrolled in a birth cohort study in Rotterdam (the Netherlands), between 2002 and 2006. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios of snacking ≥ 2 times/day and consuming sugar-containing beverages ≥ 3 glasses/day for children of mothers with low, mid-low, and mid-high educational levels (reference group: high educational level), before and after adjustment for mediators.

Results

Children of low and mid-low educated mothers were significantly more likely to consume excessive amounts of high-calorie snacks and sugar-containing beverages compared with children of high educated mothers, with the highest odds in children of low educated mothers (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.84, 3.23 and OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.87, 3.24 respectively). Parental feeding practices, parental consumption of sugar-containing beverages, and children's television time partly explained these associations.

Conclusion

Maternal educational level is inversely related to preschoolers' consumption of high-calorie snacks and sugar-containing beverages. Targeting the family food environment may be an effective way of reducing educational inequalities in children's unhealthy dietary behaviors.     

Hedonic ratings and perceived healthiness in experimental functional food choices

The associations of liking and perceived healthiness ratings between repeated food choices were studied in two experiments. Participants' snack bar (n=41, Experiment I) and beverage (n=60, Experiment II) choices among six product alternatives were monitored for 4 and 3 weeks, respectively. In Experiment I, participants were allowed to familiarise themselves with snack bar alternatives ("familiar assortment") prior to making choices. In Experiment II, the participants started making their beverage choices without familiarising themselves ("unfamiliar assortment"). In both experiments, the participants were divided into three groups according to their choice behaviour for each alternative: non-interested (0 choices), experimenters (1 choice) and potential frequent users (2 or more choices). In Experiment I, the overall difference between non-interested and potential frequent users of a product was 1.3 points in expected liking and 2.6 points in actual liking on a 7-point scale (ANOVA, p<0.001). In Experiment II, the overall differences in blind hedonic ratings between non-interested participants and potential frequent users of a product were within a range of 0.9 points (p<0.001). The difference was wider for expected liking ratings, 1.3 points (p<0.001). Neither the perceived healthiness of the samples nor the background attitudes could be consistently associated with the choices (Pearson's correlation coefficient).     

Satiating effects of protein but not carbohydrate consumed in a between-meal beverage context

Previous research has suggested that protein is the most satiating macronutrient; however some experiments have found no difference in satiating efficiency of protein and carbohydrate during short intervals after consumption. There is also evidence that the satiating effects of carbohydrate are minimal when in a beverage rather than solid context. To evaluate whether protein-based satiety was evident in a drink context, and clarify further effects of preload time on satiety, the present study compared iso-energetic dairy fruit drink preloads ( approximately 1250 kJ), differing in macronutrient composition and consumed at two time intervals in the morning. Using a counterbalanced within-subjects design, 18 unrestrained lean male volunteers consumed 300 ml of carbohydrate-enriched (CHO), protein-enriched and low-energy control (327 kJ) dairy fruit drinks, 120 min and 30 min before an ad libitum lunch. Significantly less energy was consumed at lunch after the protein (3234 kJ) compared to the control (3468 kJ, p<0.05) and CHO preloads (3588 kJ, p<0.05). However, this was not sufficient to show complete energy compensation. Preload time of consumption did not impact upon any measures. Only satiety ratings at the beginning of lunch varied significantly by preload type, reflecting differences in test meal intake. These findings are consistent with previous research that protein is more satiating than carbohydrate. The roles of sensory and hedonic characteristics are discussed.     

高效液相色谱测定食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸含量

目的　测定食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸的含量。方法　样品用乙醚—石油醚萃取 ,在 6 0℃水浴上蒸馏除去乙醚—石油醚 ,再在酸性介质中酯化 ,用高效液相色谱分离与测定。结果　标准回收率 :苯甲酸 (10 0 .0 2± 3.2 8) % ,山梨酸 (96 .3± 4 .85) %。最小检出限分别为 :苯甲酸 0 .0 2 2 μg ,山梨酸 0 .0 13μg ,线性关系与回收率较好 ,(r >0 .98)。结论　HPLC法测定食品中苯甲酸与山梨醇防腐剂具有简便、快速、准确的优点 ,值得推广应用     

天麻钩藤饮对高血压病患者血压及血清GSH-PX的影响

目的探讨天麻钧藤饮对肝阳上亢型高血压病患者血压的影响及其抗氧化应激的研究.方法选择肝阳上亢型高血压病人60例,随机分为天麻钩藤饮组(治疗组)30例和非洛地平组(对照组)30例,治疗4周,分别检测治疗前后患者血压和血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活力变化,并用20例正常人的血清作参考.结果治疗后两组血压均明显下降,两组间比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而治疗组GSH-PX的升高较对照组明显(t=11.48,P＜0.01).结论天麻钩藤饮对肝阳上亢型高血压病患者具有良好的降压效果,并且能增加患者的GSH-PX活力,清除过多的氧自由基,防止血管内皮细胞的脂质过氧化,从而改善患者血管内皮功能.     

重剂速效热痹饮治疗难治性类风湿关节炎24例临床观察

目的 观察重剂速效热痹饮治疗难治性类风湿关节炎的临床疗效. 方法 将49例难治性类风湿关节炎患者随机分为对照组25例和治疗组24例.对照组给予甲氨蝶呤片20 mg,每周1次口服;来氟米特片10 mg,每日1次口服;尼美舒利胶囊100 mg,每日2次口服;速效热痹饮每次20 ml,每日3次口服.治疗组在对照组基础上将速效热痹饮剂量加大至每次40～60ml,每日3次口服.两组均治疗3个月后评价西医疗效及中医证候疗效,同时记录治疗前后肿胀关节数及指数、压痛关节数及指数、晨僵持续时间、疼痛评分、日常生活能力(HAQ)及DAS28评分,检测血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP). 结果 治疗组西医疗效为70.8％,对照组为36.0％,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组中医证候疗效总有效率87.5％,对照组为52.0％,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组除肿胀关节数外其余指标治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);对照组治疗前后比较仅压痛指数、晨僵、疼痛评分及CRP差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组治疗后比较,除疼痛评分外其余指标治疗组均优于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 重剂速效热痹饮治疗难治性类风湿关节炎能提高疗效,明显改善症状、体征及炎症指标.