五味消毒饮治疗大鼠实验性急性鼻咽炎的疗效观察

目的观察五味消毒饮对大鼠实验性急性鼻咽炎的治疗作用。方法SD大鼠30只，应用创伤后金黄色葡萄球菌接种法造成急性鼻咽炎模型，然后随机分成模型对照组、中药治疗组、西药对照组，并平行设置正常对照组分别进行治疗干预。治疗前后测量体温，观测大鼠的行为改变及白细胞变化，同时取鼻咽组织进行病理检查。结果大鼠感染后出现行为异常，白细胞增多。病理检查显示明显急性炎症改变。中药治疗组大鼠各项指标明显改善．与西药对照组相似。结论五味消毒饮对大鼠实验性急性鼻咽炎有良好的治疗作用。     

张继东运用益气活血法治疗胸痹心痛经验

胸痹心痛的基本病机是心气亏虚,瘀血阻滞心脉,张继东教授依据“急则治标,缓则治本”原则,注重气虚与血瘀的主次轻重,灵活变通.临证以益气活血为法,不妄投攻破,多着眼“通”字,以补气活血,通络止痛为治疗原则,自创舒脉饮加减.     

不同种类饮料对牙釉质脱矿作用的研究

目的 探讨饮料酸性程度与其引起牙釉质脱矿程度的关系,验证脱矿牙釉质在模拟唾液中自我矿化修复能力以及脱矿后马上刷牙对牙釉质影响.方法 ①在36.5℃条件下,将牛牙分别浸泡于可乐、橙汁和冰红茶中10 min、30 min和60 min,然后,置于模拟唾液中浸泡60 min;测量唾液浸泡前后的牙釉质表面硬度.另仅选可乐,在相同条件下进行人牙实验.②将牛牙置于可乐中浸泡60 min后即刻刷牙1 min、再置于模拟唾液中10 min和30 min后分别刷牙1 min,并另选人牙做验证实验,最后,对所有样本观察牙釉质表面形貌改变.结果 ①牛牙在饮料中浸泡不同时间后,硬度均有不同程度降低,其中可乐组牛牙硬度降低最显著.而在模拟唾液中浸泡60 min后,硬度值有一定程度的提高.②可乐浸泡的牙齿立即进行刷牙会在牙齿表面留下明显的排状划痕,如果再在模拟唾液中浸泡一定时间后刷牙,则未见留下划痕.人牙结果与牛牙类似.结论 酸性饮料会使牙釉质脱矿;模拟唾液可恢复已脱矿牙釉质的硬度,恢复程度与其脱矿程度以及在唾液中浸泡的时间相关;即刻刷牙会进一步损伤已被酸性饮料脱矿的牙釉质,而在模拟唾液中一段时间后使牙釉质硬度有所恢复.     

花生粕的综合利用──花生蛋白饮料的研制

以花生粕为原料，用酶法进行水解，对底物的浓度、酶的用量及作用时间进行了研究，确定了最佳水解条件，制备出花生蛋白饮料。     

气相色谱法测定饮料中的d—1,8—萜二烯

采用３％ＳＥ－３０、１．５ｍ长的色谱柱，建立了测定饮料中ｄ－１，８－萜二烯的方法，样品经环已烷３次提取，浓缩处理，然后进入气相色谱测定。回收率８５．５％～９７．０％，最低检出量及最低检出浓度分别为９．２ｎｇ和０．０４６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，建立的方法已用于鉴别饮料的真伪和食物中毒样品的处理     

Child and Adolescent Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intakes Are Longitudinally Associated with Higher Body Mass Index z Scores in a Birth Cohort Followed 17 Years

Background

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are considered a risk factor for obesity.

Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aimsSeveral studies have reported the association of sweetened beverages (SB) with cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between SB and cardiovascular mortality has not been clearly established. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between SB consumption and cardiovascular mortality.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched up to July 31, 2021, for prospective cohort studies investigating this association in adults. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association between SB: sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)/artificial-sweetened beverages (ASB) exposure and cardiovascular mortality.ResultsA total of eight cohort studies comprising 1.2 million participants exposed to SB, reported 15,831 (1.2%) cases of cardiovascular mortality with a median follow-up of 12.2 years. Consuming at least one glass (250 ml) of SB per day (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.12, P < 0.001) or ≥2 glasses per day (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.16–1.31, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. SSB and ASB intake of ≥2 glasses per day increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 21% (RR:1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.33, P < 0.001) and 33% (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.12–1.55, P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that high SSB and ASB consumption are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Policymakers and public health practitioners should work on multisectoral strategies to reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages around the world and among all population groups.     

Home gardening in urban poor communities of the Philippines

The deficiencies of micronutrients, in particular iron and vitamin A, are common in the Philippines, but their control measures through supplementation and fortification have shown several weaknesses. The present study examines the outcomes of a community-based approach including promotion of home gardening and a diversified dietary practice. A total of 152 mothers in two poor urban communities in Davao City, the Philippines were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Participants were also asked to keep a brief 7-day self-administered household food record. Focus group discussions were conducted to obtain in-depth information on their attitudes toward home gardening and vegetable consumption. Home garden produce contributed to the diversification of carbohydrate consumed among participants. However, home garden produce reduced the consumption of protein-rich food. There was therefore no discernible improvement in the diets of participants from the consumption of home garden produce. In communities where there was no greengrocer, respondents shared the produce from home gardens. The community-based diet improvement program facilitated home gardening practices, which influenced the dietary practices of the urban poor. The monitoring of food consumption together with community-based programs needs to be expanded in urban poor communities. Our focus group discussion revealed that there was a cognition linking home gardening and vegetable consumption to poverty among some of the participants. More study is necessary on this finding.     

The Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey: Alcoholic Beverage Preference Across Hispanic National Groups

Background: U.S. Hispanics come from many countries in Latin America, which can lead to different beverage preferences in the United States. This paper examines choice for drinking wine, beer, and liquor across 4 Hispanic national groups: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, and South/Central Americans. Methods: A sample of 5,224 individuals 18 years of age and older was selected using multistage cluster procedures from the household population in 5 metropolitan areas of the United States: Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Houston, and Los Angeles. The survey weighted response rate was 76%. Face‐to‐face interviews lasting 1 hour on average were conducted in the respondents’ homes either in English or Spanish. Results: Among men, beer drinkers consume the highest mean number of drinks per week in all national groups. Among women, this is true only of Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans. Among men who drink beer, beer drinking constitutes 52 to 72% of total alcohol consumption. Among women who drink beer, beer consumption is associated with 32 to 64% of total consumption. Beer is the beverage most associated with binge drinking among Puerto Rican and Mexican American women, while among Cuban Americans and South/Central Americans this is seen for wine. Regression analyses showed no significant differences by national group in the likelihood of drinking 2 or fewer drinks (vs. no drinks) of wine, beer, or liquor. Puerto Ricans were more likely (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.00–2.14) than Cuban Americans to drink 3 or more drinks (compared with no drinks) of beer. There was no association between the likelihood of binge drinking and Hispanic national group. Conclusions: Beverage preference across Hispanic national groups is similar. Beer is the preferred beverage. Alcohol control policies such as taxation and control of sales availability should apply equally to beer, liquor, and wine. Prevention interventions directed at different Hispanic national groups in the United States can be relatively uniform in their focus on the dangers associated with drinking different types of alcoholic beverages.