基于MRI针刀治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床随机对照研究

目的:观察基于MRI针刀治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床疗效。方法:将72例冈上肌肌腱炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组36例。治疗组采用针刀治疗,对照组采用电针治疗,观察周期为2周。评价两组患者的临床疗效,比较两组患者的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分及疼痛弧试验阳性率的变化。结果:治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为91.2%,对照组为84.8%,治疗组的疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的VAS评分均显著降低(P0.01),且治疗组患者的评分低于对照组(P0.01);两组患者的疼痛弧试验阳性率均显著降低(P0.01),治疗组患者的疼痛弧试验阳性率为17.65%,对照组为27.27%,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:基于MRI针刀治疗冈上肌肌腱炎具有较好的疗效,可明显缓解患者的疼痛症状,改善患者的体征。     

降钙素原在儿童感染性肺炎诊断及治疗中的临床研究

目的:探究降钙素原在儿童感染性肺炎诊断及治疗中的临床价值。方法:随机选取2013年7月~2014年7月我院收治的肺炎患儿120例,分为观察组及对照组,每组患儿60例,其中观察组采用罗氏Cobas E411电化学发光法测定患儿血清PCT水平,如果PCT水平≥0.25μg/L则可使用抗生素,而如果小于该值,则不使用抗生素;对照组采用常规治疗,行抗生素治疗,1周后,观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果:两组患者的治疗效果无显著差异,但与对照组相比,观察组使用抗生素使用率显著降低(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:PCT检测在儿童感染性肺炎诊断及治疗中,具有可判断是否使用抗生素的临床指导意义。     

关于输血后丙型肝炎的系统评价和Meta分析

目的 随着输血技术的成熟和完善,输血已经越来越广泛地应用到临床治疗中,然而,输血后相关传染病的发生也越来越普遍,丙型肝炎就是其中之一,目前丙型肝炎已经成为输血后肝炎的最主要类型,但由于丙型肝炎的发生受很多因素的影响,有学者提出了目前技术上的缺陷导致一些需输血的丙型肝炎患者在输血前漏诊,从而导致人们错误估计输血与丙型肝炎发生的相关性程度,因此,有必要开展相关研究.方法 本文收集30年来有关输血和丙型肝炎的前瞻性研究,进行了Meta分析,从而总结出较精确的输血和丙型肝炎发生的相关性程度,并进行了系统性文献评价和Meta分析.结果 应用固定效应模型估算出的合并后的相对危险度(relative ratio,RR)为16.30(95％CI 15.71～16.88,P=0),而且进入Meta分析的每个研究的总体RR＞1,这说明输血组的丙型肝炎发生率高于对照组,输血可造成丙型肝炎的发生率增高.结论 漏斗图提示此Meta分析存在发表偏倚,这可能与很多因素有关,需要进一步研究,本Meta分析中纳入的研究有很多因素未详细说明,需要进一步研究,通过比较此Meta分析中的各研究中的RR值,发现严格与准确的输血前丙型肝炎检查对输血后丙型肝炎发生率的大小有影响.     

Intention,beliefs and mood assessed using electronic diaries predicts attendance at cardiac rehabilitation: An observational study

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitationis effective in promoting physical/psychological recovery following acute coronary syndrome. Yet, rates of attendance at outpatient cardiac rehabilitation by eligible patients are low.ObjectivesThis study examined the determinants of attendance at outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in acute coronary syndrome patients following discharge until cardiac rehabilitation commencement.DesignA weekly electronic diary measured cardiac-related cognitions and mood and examined their relation to attendance at outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.SettingsThree United Kingdom National Health Service secondary care settings in two Health Board areas in Scotland.ParticipantsAcute coronary syndrome patients were recruited from March 2012 to June 2013 prior to hospital discharge. Of 488 eligible patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation, 214 consented.MethodsConsecutive patients completed a pre-hospital discharge questionnaire targeting age, diagnosis, social class and smoking history. Acute coronary syndrome patients then completed a weekly electronic diary from the first week of discharge until the start of cardiac rehabilitation. Multilevel structural equation models estimated the effects of initial, i.e. baseline and rate of change in cardiac-related cognition and mood on attendance. Intention to attend cardiac rehabilitation was reflected, log transformed, reported thereafter as “do not intend”. The role of “do not intend” was explored as a mediator of the relationship between cardiac-related cognition and mood on attendance.Results166 participants provided, on average, 5 weeks of diary entries before cardiac rehabilitation commenced. High intention (i.e. low “do not intend”) to attend CR and its rate of increase over time predicted attendance. Low negative emotional representation, high perceived necessity, high confidence in maintaining function, low negative affect, and high positive affect following discharge predicted attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. The rate of change in cardiac-related mood and these cognitions was not predictive. Baseline and rate of change in “do not intend” entirely mediated relationships between a) perceived necessity, b) negative affect and attendance at cardiac rehabilitation.ConclusionsNegative affect in the first weeks following discharge represents the key challenge to a patient maintaining their intention to attend cardiac rehabilitation. Intervention to improve attendance should focus on improving intention to attend following discharge and during recovery by improving patient understanding of cardiac rehabilitation and reducing negative affect.     

重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童忽视状况的调查分析

目的：了解重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童的忽视状况。方法采取分层随机抽样的方法,对重庆市主城九区18个街道的1316名3～6岁儿童,运用“中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视常模”进行问卷调查。采用SPSS13．0软件对不同年龄、性别、忽视层面（身体、情感、教育、安全和医疗）的忽视率与忽视度进行统计学描述与检验。结果重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童总忽视率为22．95％,总忽视度为39．56±7．19,不同性别、各年龄组间儿童在忽视率和忽视度上差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。儿童忽视的5种类型中,忽视率为5．09％～10．64％,其中安全与身体忽视的频率较高,分别为10．64％与9．50％;忽视度为36．94～41．24,教育、身体忽视的强度较大,分别为41．24±10．43与39．81±9．32。除各年龄组儿童情感忽视度外,5种类型的忽视率与其他4类的忽视度在各年龄组及男女童间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。儿童同时受忽视种类发生率在不同性别与各年龄组间差异均无统计学意义,所有儿童均以单项（即只在5种忽视种类的任何一种）受忽视为主,发生率13．68％,构成比59．60％。结论重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童受到忽视的频率与强度均处于一般水平,除情感忽视强度外,不同性别、各年龄的儿童受到忽视的频率和强度相同。儿童安全与身体受到忽视的频率较高,教育、情感受到忽视的强度较大。所有儿童均以单项受忽视为主。     

MSCTA、2DDSA和3DDSA对颈动脉狭窄测量差异比较的实验研究

目的：比较多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）与2D数字减影血管造影（DSA）、3DDSA对颈动脉狭窄模型的测量差异。方法根据北美症状性颈动脉内膜切除术试验组（NASCET）标准,利用重力输液管制备30支血管模型,其中0级2支,1级（1％～＜30％）6支,2级（30％～＜70％）和3级（70％～＜100％）各10支,血管闭塞（4级,100％）2支,分别进行MSCTA、直径10mm钢球校准后2DDSA和3DDSA成像分析（AVA）,分别测量模型血管内径、狭窄段的直径狭窄率（DSR）和面积狭窄率（ASR）,并评估其狭窄程度。结果与MSCTA和2DDSA比较,3DDSA对模型内径的测量误差最大[（3．08±0．09）mm],差异具有统计学意义（t＝14．95、11．89,P＜0．01）。3种方法对同一血管狭窄模型所测出的ASR均大于DSR,3DDSA的ASR和DSR均较MSCTA和2DDSA有减低。以ASR和DSR为血管狭窄的评估参考指标,2DDSA为诊断“金标准”,MSCTA与钢球校准后2DDSA对血管狭窄程度分级的诊断一致性最佳（Kappa值分别为0．86和0．91）,3DDSA对血管狭窄程度评估的可靠性较低,Kappa值为0．35和0．42。结论MSCTA能够提供全面、准确的诊断信息,可替代常规DSA用于颈动脉狭窄的诊断性评价,相对于2DDSA和MSCTA,3DDSA对颈动脉的狭窄可能具有一定程度的低估。     

Factors Associated With Attrition in a Multicenter Longitudinal Observational Study of Patients With Advanced Cancer

Context

Attrition is common in longitudinal observational studies in palliative care. Few studies have examined predictors of attrition.