常温下肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤及其机制的实验研究

目的　研究常温下肝脏缺血 /再灌注损伤及其机制。方法　 2 4只兔随机均分为缺血组和对照组。组织气体分析仪持续测定兔肝组织氧压 (HepatictissueoxygeonpressurePtiO2 ) ;光镜及电镜观察肝脏组织病理改变 ;全自动生化仪测定血清丙氨酸氨基转氨酶 (ALT)。结果　缺血组兔肝脏在缺血后肝PtiO2 值开始下降、30min降至 2 0 1± 2 8,再灌注后的肝PtiO2 值开始恢复 ,再灌注 6 0min肝PtiO2 未恢复正常 (P <0 0 5 )。肝细胞出现变性、坏死 ,血清ALT值显著升高 ,在肝脏再灌注 6 0min时最为严重。结论　常温下用Pringle氏法阻断入肝血流可导致肝脏缺血/再灌注后肝细胞功能障碍和病理损害。其作用机制与缺血期肝细胞缺氧、再灌注期肝脏微循环障碍和肝细胞线粒体的损伤有关。     

Maternal and perinatal outcome in rheumatic heart disease.

OBJECTIVES: To study the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by rheumatic heart disease. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the cardio-obstetric clinic of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (India) over a period of 13 years (1987-1999) involving 486 pregnant patients with rheumatic heart disease. Maternal and perinatal outcome was reviewed. RESULTS: Three hundred and four patients (63.3%) had single valve involvement and mitral stenosis was the most predominant lesion (89.2%). One hundred and seventy one (38.6%) patients had undergone surgical correction prior to the onset of pregnancy. One hundred and thirteen patients (22.6%) were identified as NYHA class III-IV. Mitral valvotomy was performed during pregnancy in 48 patients. The incidence of preterm birth and small for gestational age newborns was 12% and 18.2%, respectively. There were 10 maternal deaths, of which eight patients were NYHA III and IV. CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity in NYHA class III-IV patients.     

A Survey on Injury Incidence in School Children in Shantou City, China

INTRODUCTION Injury is emerging as the most important preventable cause of death and disability in children beyond the first few months of life[1,2]. In China, injury has become a leading cause of death in children over one year[2]. In addition, injuries …     

气囊扩张对74例良性溃疡伴幽门梗阻的长期疗效再探讨

目的　再次评价气囊扩张对良性消化性溃疡伴幽门梗阻的长期疗效。方法　患者先行内科保守治疗 ,保守治疗不成功再行内镜下气囊扩张术。幽门螺杆菌阳性均给予根除治疗 ,抗溃疡病药物治疗至少一个月。结果　 74例幽门梗阻中有 4 3例内科保守治疗成功 ,另 31例行气囊扩张术 (最大直径 1 2～ 1 4 mm) ,平均扩张次数为 1 .6 8±0 .83次。在随访 2 1 .0 6± 1 3.1 3个月中 ,梗阻的复发率分别为 4 .6 5 %和 1 6 .1 3% (P>0 .0 5 ) ,两组均未见并发症。结论　幽门梗阻气囊扩张术是一种安全、有效的方法 ,最终用多大直径的球囊扩张以梗阻症状解除为准 ,对良性溃疡伴幽门梗阻 ,即使是瘢痕型梗阻首选球囊扩张 ,如扩张不满意者才考虑手术治疗。     

电针预处理对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤细胞内Ca~(2 )变化的影响

目的 :探讨重复电针预处理诱导缺血耐受对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的机制。方法 :76只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成 4组 :对照组 (C组 ) ,戊巴比妥钠组 (SP组 ) ,假手术组 (S组 ) ,电针预处理组 (EA组 )。最后一次预处理后 2 4h ,阻闭肾下腹主动脉 ,制作兔脊髓缺血模型 ;S组动物手术操作同C组 ,但不阻闭腹主动脉。分别于阻闭后不同时相点测定细胞内Ca2 含量 ,并分别对动物后肢运动功能评分。结果 :EA组脊髓组织细胞内Ca2 含量显著低于C组和SP组各时相值 (P <0 0 1) ,神经功能评分EA组明显高于C组 (P <0 0 1) ,C组和SP组细胞内Ca2 和神经功能评分无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :电针预处理具有降低脊髓组织细胞内Ca2 含量 ,防止Ca2 超载 ,稳定细胞内环境的能力 ,对腹主动脉阻断所致的脊髓缺血再灌注损伤具有良好的保护作用。     

Balloon Dilatation of the Pulmonary Valve in a Patient with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum Using a Commercially Available Radiofrequency Catheter

Using a commercially available 5F deflectable radiofrequency catheter, we have succeeded in percutaneous valvotomy of an imperforate pulmonary valve and consecutive balloon dilatation in a baby with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. After the procedure, right ventricular systolic pressure fell from 125 mmHg to 65 mmHg, and right ventriculography demonstrated anterograde blood flow into the pulmonary arteries. There were no major complications. Doppler echocardiography at 1 year after the procedure demonstrated a pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve of 20 mmHg with mild pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitations.     

0～14岁儿童意外伤害危险因素病例对照研究

为探讨导致儿童意外伤害的危险因素，为预防和减少发病提供依据，对４６８例意外伤害儿童进行１：１配对的病例对照研究，资料分析采用条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ分析方法。结果：单因素分析发现与多子女、父母文盲、低收入、室内放置农、鼠药、无我照看、房周危险环境等因素有关，多因素分析发现父母文盲、室内放置农药、家庭低收入、室内放置农药、家族低收入、房周危险环境等为较稳定的影响因素。结论：儿童意外伤害是多因素相互作用的     

25起职业性急性中毒事故分析

目的了解杭州市重大职业性急性中毒事故发生的原因及其救援情况，进一步提高对重大事故的防范和管理。方法收集杭州市１３年间发生的２５起重大职业性急性中毒事故的劳动卫生调查资料，对事故发生的行业、企业、毒物品种采用流行病学分析方法进行统计分析。结果２５起事故共发生中毒１３１人，死亡２２人，乡镇企业的发生率超过国有企业；引起中毒的毒物共１０种，发病人数在前５位的毒物依次为硫化氢、苯、一氧化碳、光气和有机磷农药；１３１名中毒人员中因救援中毒４０人，死亡８人，救援人员中毒和死亡率高于直接作业工人。结论发生事故的原因以缺乏防护知识最为突出。本研究结果为建立基层应急救援体系提供参考依据。     

Stepwise interventional approach in a neonate with pulmonary valve atresia and intact ventricular septum

In neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum the aims of therapy are maintenance of pulmonary blood flow and right ventricular decompression in order to achieve right ventricular support of the pulmonary circulation. Recent developments in interventional heart catheterization with pulmonary radiofrequency-assisted balloon valvuloplasty and ductal stent implantation offer an alternative to the classical surgical approach. We report on a neonate with membranous pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum, in whom a large interatrial right-to-left shunt via the foramen ovale persisted after radiofrequency-assisted pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty on the 2nd day of life. The interatrial shunt prevented adequate right ventricular filling and antegrade pulmonary perfusion leading to severe cyanosis (transcutaneous oxygen saturation 40%). In order to increase pulmonary blood flow and raise left atrial pressure, the arterial duct was stented. After ductal stenting, prostaglandin was discontinued and the transcutaneous oxygen saturation remained stable around 89%. At follow up after 7 weeks the foramen ovale had decreased in size and only a small left-to-right shunt was present, documenting the effectiveness of this approach. Conclusion Based on the present case we propose a stepwise interventional approach for the neonate with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. If cyanosis persists after isolated pulmonary valvuloplasty despite adequate right ventricular function, ductal stent implantation can reduce interatrial shunting and thus improve oxygen saturation. Received: 12 January 1998 / Accepted: 15 February 1998     

高血压患者血尿酸水平变化与肾损害的关系

目的探讨高血压患者血尿酸(UA)浓度变化与肾脏损害的关系。方法随机选择126例高血压住院患者,分为高血压未发生肾损害组(n=58)、高血压早期肾损害组(n=41)、高血压临床肾损害组(n=27),以67例血压正常者作为对照,检测血清UA、肌酐(Cr)、尿素(Urea)和尿微量白蛋白(m-Alb)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),进行比较分析。结果126例高血压患者的UA为(334.7±96.0)μmol/L,67例对照组UA为(226.4±54.6)μmol/L熏两组有显著性差异(t=8.526,P<0.001)。高血压组高UA血症发生率为24.60%,对照组高UA血症发生率为2.98%,两组有显著性差异(χ2=14.42,P<0.01)。高血压早期肾损害组血UA水平为(325.5±87.4)μmol/L,与高血压未发生肾损害组的穴323.4±85.9)μmol/L无显著性差异(t=0.119,P>0.05),高血压临床肾损害组UA(372.8±117.8)μmol/L明显高于高血压未发生肾损害组(t=2.165,P<0.05)。血UA与m-Alb、Urea呈正相关(r=0.209、0.593,P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论高血压患者血UA与肾脏损害存在着一定的关联,高血压并发明显肾损害是引起血UA增高的一个原因。