Comparison of sonographic inferior vena cava and aorta indexes during fluid administered in children

Objectives

This prospective, observational study evaluated changes in ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena caval index (IVCI), the aorta diameter/IVC diameter index (Ao/IVCD), and the aorta area/IVC area index (Ao/IVCA) during fluid administration in children requiring intravenous fluid administration.

Capillary and aortic endothelia interact in situ with nonenzymatically glycated albumin and develop specific alterations in early experimental diabetes

Diabetic mice (6 weeks duration) were studied to assess the interaction of advanced glycation endproduct-modifed albumin (AGE-Alb) with micro- and macrovascular endothelium, and to evaluate the alterations induced in the ultrastructure of the lung, kidney, and aorta. [¹²⁵I]-AGE-Alb and AGE-Alb-Au were perfused in situ in the vasculature; the total uptake was quantitated by spectrometry, and the endothelial pathways of AGE-Alb-Au and the morphological alterations of the vascular beds were examined by electron microscopy. The results showed that [¹²⁵I]-AGE-Alb (0.567 μM) was taken up specifically and saturably by all organs studied, and particularly by the lung. AGE-Alb-Au endocytosis and transcytosis occurred in the pulmonary and aortic endothelia, and were enhanced in diabetic animals. Also in diabetic animals, AGE-Alb-Au was detected throughout the kidney glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and within open filtration slits of podocytes, suggesting altered barrier function. The structural modifications progressed, and at the end of the experimental period, in the lung ∼28% of the capillaries and ∼25% of the alveoli became compressed or even collapsed, due to the hyperplasia of extracellular matrix and interstitial connective tissue. The presence of adherent intravascular macrophages suggests the development of an inflammatory immune process. The structural modifications observed in kidney glomeruli included thickening (∼30%) of the GBM and the disappearance of diaphragms between the cellular processes of podocytes. The aortic endothelium displayed luminal foldings, increased number (2.8-fold) of Weibel-Palade bodies, and proliferation of basal lamina. Together, the results show that in diabetes there is enhanced vascular uptake of AGE-Alb and significant pathomorphological changes of micro- and macrovessels. Received: 28 June 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 8 May 1997     

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Liesegang Rings in Odontogenic Cysts: Analysis of Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

Liesegang rings are concentric noncellular lamellar structures, occasionally found in inflammatory tissues. They have been confused with various parasites, algas, calcification, and psammoma bodies. The authors examined Liesegang rings from oral inflammatory cysts by both optical and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and perfomed a three-dimensional reconstruction. These investigations indicate that Liesegang rings are composed of multiple birefringent concentric rings, resulting from a progressive deposition of organic substances, with an unclear pathogenesis.     

Correlation between number of renal cysts and aortic circumferences measured using autopsy material

Although the presence of renal cysts has been reported to be associated with aortic aneurysm or dissection by imaging studies, an autopsy study has not been performed. Therefore, in our institute, recent consecutive adult autopsy cases (n = 108, 64 males and 44 females) were reviewed. The circumferences and atherosclerosis ratios of both thoracic and abdominal aorta were individually measured and graded. The number of renal cysts was scored and graded. Age of subjects along with histories of smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were confirmed. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that severity of atherosclerosis and the number of renal cysts were correlated with thoracic aortic circumference, while only the number of renal cysts was correlated with abdominal aortic circumference (p < 0.05), which was more predominant in female subjects (p < 0.05). Microscopically, significantly more dilated renal tubules (by Student's t-test, p < 0.05) along with decreased stainability of basement membrane by Periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunostaining of type IV collagen were noted in background renal tissues in cases with numerous renal cysts than in age- and sex-matched controls without renal cysts (n = 10 vs. 10). The present study suggests that a syndrome that affects both aorta and renal tubules may exist.     

Thymoquinone protects end organs from abdominal aorta ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model

Introduction

Previous studies have demonstrated that thymoquinone has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury to various organs like lungs, kidneys and liver in different experimental models.

Objective

We aimed to determine whether thymoquinone has favorable effects on lung, renal, heart tissues and oxidative stress in abdominal aorta ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods

Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (n=10), control (n=10) and thymoquinone (TQ) treatment group (n=10). Control and TQ-treatment groups underwent abdominal aorta ischemia for 45 minutes followed by a 120-min period of reperfusion. In the TQ-treatment group, thymoquinone was given 5 minutes. before reperfusion at a dose of 20 mg/kg via an intraperitoneal route. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in blood serum were measured and lung, kidney, and heart tissue histopathology were evaluated with light microscopy.

Results

Total oxidative status and oxidative stress index activity in blood samples were statistically higher in the control group compared to the sham and TQ-treatment groups (P<0.001 for TOS and OSI). Control group injury scores were statistically higher compared to sham and TQ-treatment groups (P<0.001 for all comparisons).

Conclusion

Thymoquinone administered intraperitoneally was effective in reducing oxidative stress and histopathologic injury in an acute abdominal aorta ischemia-reperfusion rat model.     

Aortic rupture during reoperative bariatric surgery

Morbid obesity has become a very common problem worldwide, causing severe health-related consequences including cardiovascular or metabolic diseases, arthritis, sleep apnea, or an increased risk of cancer. Bariatric surgery was shown to be the only way to achieve sustainable weight loss and to decrease the frequency and severity of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. The purpose of this article is to present a case of bariatric surgery complicated with lesion of the aorta with a lethal outcome.     

孤立性腹主动脉夹层的临床特点及治疗进展

孤立性腹主动脉夹层(IAAD)属临床少见病,其原发破口位于腹主动脉,可分为自发性、外伤性和医源性。IAAD的高危因素为男性、高血压和合并主动脉瘤,发病时多表现为腹痛、背部疼痛等。IAAD的治疗方式包括药物治疗、传统开放手术、腔内修复术和杂交手术,近年来腔内修复术逐渐成为治疗的首选,笔者对IAAD的临床特点和治疗进展进行综述。     

花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物EET促进血管生成的研究

目的研究花生四烯酸细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450,CYP）表氧化酶代谢产物表氧二十碳三烯酸（epoxyeicosatrienoic acid,EET）对牛主动脉内皮细胞（bovine endothelial cells,BAEC）、对血管生成的影响及其机制.方法分离BAEC培养,给予外源性EET刺激、重组腺相关病毒介导的各种CYP表氧化酶（CYP2J2,CYP2C11,CYPF87V）转染后,采用细胞计数、噻唑蓝比色法检测细胞增殖改变,用流式细胞仪检测对细胞增殖周期的影响,同时检测细胞趋化移行的改变,比较对Matrigel中毛细血管样结构形成的影响,观察表氧化酶过度表达对鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜血管生成和大鼠缺血后肢毛细血管生成的影响.结果各种EET刺激或表氧化酶病毒转染均显著促进BAEC的增殖、趋化和移行,并使Matrigel中毛细血管样结构的形成明显增加,且EET呈剂量依赖性效应,而合用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK）抑制剂或磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）抑制剂均可显著抑制上述效应,另外表氧化酶病毒转染尚能明显促进CAM小血管和大鼠缺血后肢毛细血管的生成.结论花生四烯酸细胞色素P450（CYP）表氧化酶及其代谢产物EET可显著促进血管的生成,可改善局部组织的缺血,其作用由MAKP和PI3K介导,部分效应由其对一氧化氮的上调作用介导.     

Focal differences in lipid metabolism of the young pig aorta : Part 2. Synthesis from [2-C]ethanolamine and [1,2-C]choline

The ability of normal young pig aortic tissue to synthesize phospholipids from [2-¹⁴C]ethanolamine and [1,2-¹⁴C]choline, in vitro, has been examined in areas of focal Evans Blue accumulation (blue areas) and adjacent areas of no dye accumulation (white areas).

Incorporation of [2-¹⁴C]ethanolamine into total lipid was linear for 3 h of incubation in both blue and white areas. At 3 h, ethanolamine incorporation into phosphatidyl ethanolamine was significantly less in blue than in white areas.

[1,2-¹⁴C]Choline incorporation into total lipid was linear for 3 h of incubation in blue areas but not in white areas. At 30 min, choline incorporation into phosphatidyl choline was significantly less in blue than in white areas; at 1 h choline incorporation into phosphatidyl choline was similar in blue and white areas, while after 3 h of incubation incorporation was significantly greater in blue than in white areas.

With both [2-¹⁴C]ethanolamine and [1,2-¹⁴C]choline, the percentage distribution of label among individual phospholipids was similar in blue and white areas.

Phospholipid content of blue and white areas was similar.

The results presented demonstrate further focal metabolic differences within the same geographical region of the normal young pig aorta.