How do Swedish day center attendees with psychiatric disabilities view their worker role? A structural equation modeling study

Abstract

Aim: To investigate how day center attendees with psychiatric disabilities perceived their worker role and the importance of current work situation and personal factors in that respect.

Methods: Two-hundred attendees completed the Worker Role Self-assessment and questionnaires addressing possible predictors of the worker role: current employment situation, satisfaction with that situation, and a personal factor (encompassing self-esteem, self-mastery and engagement). Structural equation modeling was used.

Results: A model indicated two worker role factors; belief in a future worker role (WR1) and current capacities and routines (WR2). WR1 was positively influenced by having a job, younger age and the personal factor. Satisfaction with current work situation (usually unemployment) was negatively associated with WR1. The personal factor was single predictor of WR2. The attendees rated WR2 more positively than WR1.

Conclusions: The personal factor was crucial for both WR1 and WR2. Work-related factors were only important for WR1. The more negative rating of belief in a future worker role may be interpreted as mistrust in the services. The attendees’ positive ratings of capacities indicate, however, that they had a rehabilitation potential to develop. Enhancing self-esteem, mastery and engagement may be an avenue for staff in efforts to support the attendee’s worker role.     

中医五音疗法配合缩唇腹式呼吸肌功能锻炼在气管切开患者护理中的应用

目的:观察中医五音疗法配合缩唇腹式呼吸肌功能锻炼对治疗气管切开患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2012年1月—2013年12月在本院接受治疗的气管切开患者共50例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各25例。对照组采用常规缩唇腹式呼吸肌进行呼吸肌功能锻炼的护理方式,观察组采用中医五音疗法配合缩唇腹式呼吸肌功能锻炼对气管切开患者进行护理干预,比较两组患者撤去呼吸机情况,满意度以及生活质量情况。结果:对照组撤去呼吸机的成功率为60%,观察组的成功率为100%,两组成功率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后满意度及生活质量评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中医五音疗法配合缩唇腹式呼吸肌功能锻炼护理气管切开患者可提高患者的生活质量,增加患者的满意度。     

中医药治疗干眼症研究进展

近年来人们对干眼症的关注与日俱增,中医药发挥其传统优势,运用内治,外治,针灸等方法,达到机体脏腑功能平衡,气血津液充足,化生泪液有源,泪液不乏。但是,目前中医学对于干眼症的研究还存在一些问题。第一,干眼的疗效评价标准参照西医学标准,中医方面尚无统一标准。第二,干眼症的中医辨证分型也无统一标准,数据可信度难以保证。第三,临床的研究设计多为小样本,科研设计不够严谨,缺乏相关的动物实验研究。干眼症是多种原因诱发的疾病,已经逐步引起人们的重视,但就其发病的病因及机制应更进一步的深入研究。治疗上应在中医整体观念的指导下,运用辨证施治同时结合现代医学理论。应统一干眼症的辨证分型及疗效评价标准,增加临床观察指标的客观性及可信度,同时临床学者及科研工作者应尝试采取大样本,多中心的随机对照实验,让研究结果更有说服力,也应该尝试更多的动物实验研究,运用先进的科学技术及方法研究本病的病理生理状况,预防等,将其结果转化为临床可用的知识,为干眼症的诊疗开辟新的篇章。     

中原帖氏飞针聚气针法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病60例

目的:观察中原帖氏飞针聚气针法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年4月—2016年6月郑州市中医院疼痛科、针灸科门诊及河南省重竞技运动管理中心收治的椎动脉型颈椎病患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组给予中原帖氏飞针聚气针法治疗,对照组给予指切进针法治疗。结果:治疗组ESCV评分优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组治疗后椎动脉、基底动脉收缩期峰值血流速度优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组有效率优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:中原帖氏飞针聚气针法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病临床疗效确切。     

PKP与“五点式”支撑复位综合疗法治疗新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折疗效比较

目的:观察经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)与"五点式"支撑复位综合疗法治疗新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折(OVCFs)在缓解疼痛、矫正脊柱后凸畸形、改善患者生活质量及邻近再骨折发生率、骨密度改善等方面的效果。方法:回顾性分析OVCFs患者74例,其中37例行PKP手术治疗(A组),37例行"五点式"支撑复位综合疗法治疗(B组),术后常规拍摄伤椎及其邻近阶段X线片,行骨密度检查,2组治疗后6、12、24个月进行随访,记录患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、伤椎前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、Oswesty功能障碍指数(ODI)、邻近再骨折发生率、骨密度改善情况。结果:A组伤椎前缘高度恢复、后凸畸形矫正、疼痛缓解及功能活动、骨密度改善等方面均优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组与B组邻近节段发生骨折率分别为8.1%和18.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PKP能使OVCFs患者的腰背疼痛得到有效缓解,能矫正后凸畸形,改善患者生活质量,降低邻近阶段骨折的再发生。     

运脾开胃散联合复方胃蛋白酶颗粒治疗小儿厌食症的临床疗效观察

目的观察和评价运脾开胃散联合复方胃蛋白酶治疗小儿厌食症的临床应用与疗效。方法从在我院就诊的符合中西医诊断标准的厌食症患儿选取90例,随机分为两组,治疗组给予运脾开胃散联合复方胃蛋白酶颗粒口服,对照组给予复方胃蛋白酶颗粒口服。结果两组患儿治疗后,食欲、食量均较前明显改善,但治疗组疗效更佳(P0.05)。治疗组痊愈15例,显效21例,有效4例,无效3例,总有效率为93.02%;治疗组痊愈10例,显效15例,有效7例,无效9例,总有效率为78.05%(P=0.0410.05)。结论运脾开胃散联合复方胃蛋白酶颗粒治疗小儿厌食症临床疗效显著,值得推广,同时为中西医结合治疗小儿厌食症提供了新思路。     

Assessing the quality of life in infants with deformational plagiocephaly

This was a parent-reported outcome study on the impact of helmet therapy on the quality of life of infants with deformational plagiocephaly and their caregivers. Using survey-based analysis, we compared the quality of life in infants with deformational plagiocephaly with a cohort of their healthy peers. In addition, we compared infant quality of life before and after helmet therapy to evaluate the impact of this mainstay therapy for deformational plagiocephaly.Our results demonstrated that infants with plagiocephaly and their caregivers had a significantly decreased quality of life compared with healthy controls. This reframes our understanding of deformational plagiocephaly and emphasizes the need for therapeutic intervention in these individuals. A common therapeutic option — helmet remolding therapy — was shown to have no negative impact on quality of life, underscoring this as an appropriate therapeutic option. These data will allow us to counsel our future parents more effectively regarding the impact of deformational plagiocephaly and helmet therapy.     

Willingness to pay for periodontal therapy: development and testing of an instrument

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop and test the feasibility and validity of a willingness to pay (WTP) tool in a dental setting. METHODS: A questionnaire measured individuals' preferences among alternative treatments for periodontal disease and the maximum they would be willing to pay for their treatment of choice in terms of dental insurance premiums. The questionnaire provides detailed information, in probabilistic terms, of the risks and benefits of treatment choices for moderate to advanced adult periodontitis. It was pilot tested on 23 periodontal patients and 18 dental school faculty and staff. RESULTS: The majority (92.6%) felt the questionnaire was an accurate representation of treatments and outcomes, establishing face and content validity. In terms of construct validity, four hypotheses were tested: (1) manipulation of the outcomes of the preferred treatment led to a predictable shift in preferences for 38 subjects (92.7%); (2) although periodontal patients were not more likely to choose periodontal surgery than nonpatients (P = .14), those with a history of surgery were more likely to choose surgery again (P = .06); (3) WTP was positively related to income level (P = .05); and (4) subjects were willing to pay more for coverage for themselves than for others. Periodontal surgery was the preferred treatment for moderate to advanced periodontal disease, and was more strongly preferred than other choices (i.e., a higher WTP) for all income groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient for treatment preferences was 0.95 (P < .001) and the kappa for WTP was 0.78 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: This pilot study supports some of the criteria concerning validity of the WTP questionnaire to measure preferences for alternative periodontal therapies. Further testing on larger samples is required to confirm these results.     

The physical characterization of a thermoplastic polymer for endodontic obturation

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a new endodontic sealer material commercially known as Resilon and to describe in detail the experimental techniques employed that lead to the identification of the composite material. METHODS: An extensive structural, thermal, and physical characterization was used to identify a new endodontic sealer material using the following techniques: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The surface morphology was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS: The material was identified as a composite of polycaprolactone, which is a polymer of the polyester family and bioactive glass, which is radiopaque filler. CONCLUSIONS: The Resilon sealer material is a thermoplastic synthetic degradable polymer (polycaprolactone), it contains bioactive glass. Its properties, such as strength, modulus, shape-memory effect and biodegradability depend on the crystalline fraction, which is affected in turn by conditions of crystallization. Investigation of the crystallization kinetics of PCL is of practical significance. It is especially necessary to study its the dynamic and non-isothermal crystallization process.