MNNG诱发大鼠腺胃癌模型的建立及p53,ras基因表达的研究

目的建立N一甲基一N’一硝基一N一亚硝基胍（N－methy1－N’－nitro－N－nitrosoguanidine，MNNG）诱发大鼠腺胃癌模型并观察p53，ras基因的表达。方法给Wistar大鼠饮用MNNG水溶液（终浓度为80μg／ml），用ABC法检测P53和P21蛋白的表达。结果MNNG成功地诱发出了胃癌、胃腺瘤、胃息肉、胃粘膜不典型增生和历上皮化生等病变。胃癌肝转移2例，淋巴结转移1例。P53蛋白在肠化及不典型增生皆阴性，胃癌阳性率为50％；P21蛋白在肠化及不典型增生中阳性率为44％，在癌组织中为23％。结论MNNG能诱发大鼠脾胃癌等病变，P53基因突变在胃癌发生发展过程中起一定作用，而ras基因激活是一个早期现象。     

碘油乳剂的制作及其对肝脏增强的实验研究

目的将40％碘油乳化成40％碘油乳剂，对其物理性质进行测定和观察，然后探讨其对动物肝脏的增强效应。材料和方法40％碘油10ml、蒸馏水15ml、两种适量的乳化剂及其他物质混合后形成初乳，应用乳均机和超声乳化机将初乳乳化成40％碘油乳剂。11只杂种犬，在不同时期静脉、肝动脉、肠系膜上动脉分别注射稀释为15％碘油乳剂及60％泛影葡胺，然后在不同时期行CT扫描。结果乳剂颗粒平均直径0．63u，95％在1.0u以下，最大不超过5．2u，放置12个月颗粒大小分布不变。静脉乳剂肝脏增强最大平均CT值为75HU，泛影葡胺为21．8HU（P＜0.01）；肝动脉乳剂最大平均CT值为120．5HU，泛影葡胺为50．7HU（P＜0．01）；间接门脉乳剂最大平均CT值为117．8HU，泛影葡胺为41．6HU（P＜0．01）。结论我们制作的碘油乳剂颗粒小、稳定性好、毒性低、显影力强。     

复方白虎加桂枝汤防治大鼠痛风模型的实验观察

目的 探讨中药对大鼠痛风模型的防治作用。方法 用尿酸盐注入大鼠后肢的内踝关节，制备大鼠痛风模型．观察中药对大鼠痛风模型内踝关节炎症的防治作用。结果 中药组体征好转，关节及其周围组织的K^＋浓度降低，病理显示关节炎症得到明显改善。结论中药对大鼠痛风模型具有较好的防治作用。     

DEN诱发大鼠肝癌过程中肝组织基因表达谱的演变

目的:揭示肝癌诱发过程中肝组织基因表达谱的演变,为中医药防治原发性肝癌提供参考.方法:采用DEN诱发大鼠肝癌,分别于诱癌的第4周、8周、16周、20周(肝癌形成)切取肝(合肝癌)组织,常规提取RNA,Affymetrix Rat 230A GeneChip及技术检测大鼠肝组织基因表达的差异和演变.结果:在芯片的15710个基因中,正常组有9225个基因表达,诱癌4周表达增至9396个,8周增至9872个,16周增至10496个,20周有10420个.在肝癌诱发过程中,存在大量基因表达的消长以及高表达基因数的增加,其中部分已知基因的结果.结论:DEN诱发大鼠肝癌过程中基因组变化是十分复杂的,而且文献追踪表明,国内外对在这些基因的功能及其与肝癌发生、发展的关系大多不明确.因此,如何逐一找到那些起着关键作用的基因,进一步阐释其在肝癌的发生、发展和转归中的作用,及其与中医证候演变和相应治法的关系,是今后中医基础理论实验研究的重要方向.     

Effects of vecuronium and rocuronium in antagonistic laryngeal muscles and the anterior tibial muscle in the cat

BACKGROUND: Adequate vocal cord paralysis and full recovery of laryngeal muscle function are important when muscle relaxants are used perioperatively. This study was designed to compare the effects of vecuronium and rocuronium at the vocal cord abductor and adductor muscles and the anterior tibial muscle in cats. METHODS: Twelve adult cats were studied under pentobarbitone-N2O/O2-anesthesia. After supramaximal electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (0.1 Hz and intermittent train-of-four) evoked electromyographic responses were obtained from the anterior tibial muscle, the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (vocal cord abductor) and two vocal cord adductor muscles, the lateral cricoarytenoid and the vocal muscle. Six cats received bolus doses of increasing size of vecuronium (ED90 22.5 microg x kg(-1)) and six cats rocuronium (ED90 90 microg x kg(-1)). RESULTS: Equipotent doses of vecuronium and rocuronium caused a similar degree of paralysis in all muscles (vecuronium ED90: 70% blockade at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 83% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 84% at the vocal muscle and 90% at the anterior tibial muscle; rocuronium ED90: 71% at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 67% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 78% at the vocal muscle and 90% at the anterior tibial muscle; vecuronium 2 x ED90: 93% blockade at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 95% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 97% at the vocal muscle and 99% at the anterior tibial muscle; rocuronium 2 x ED90: 89% blockade at the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, 93% at the vocal muscle and 100% at the anterior tibial muscle). Onset time was significantly shorter at the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (290 s) compared to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (400 s) after vecuronium ED90 and to the vocal muscle (150 s versus 210 s) after rocuronium ED90. Compared to the anterior tibial muscle (interval 25-75%: 6.5 min after vecuronium 2 x ED90 and 3.3 min after rocuronium 2 x ED90 and to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (interval 25-75%: 7 min after vecuronium 2 x ED90 and 4.3 min after rocuronium 2 x ED90), recovery of laryngeal adductor muscle function was markedly delayed with both neuromuscular blocking drugs (interval 25-75% at the lateral cricoarytenoid and vocal muscle: 14 min and 15.8 min after vecuronium 2 x ED90 and 10.3 min and 11.6 min after rocuronium 2 x ED90 respectively). CONCLUSION: In cats, the time course of neuromuscular blockade after vecuronium and rocuronium differs in antagonistic laryngeal muscles. The protective laryngeal function of glottis closure recovers later than vocal cord abduction after both vecuronium and rocuronium.     

Animal Model for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation

Summary  Background. The present study was conducted to establish an animal model for the investigation of the pathophysiology and haemodynamics of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) but also to assess therapeutic aspects.  Method. For anatomic and haemodynamic reasons, dogs were chosen as the animal model. An arteriovenous fistula was created by interposing a segment of the superficial temporal artery between one of the main branches of the middle cerebral artery and the dorsal sagittal sinus. A temporal muscle graft supplied by this artery was implanted intracerebrally in the ischaemic area.  Findings. The angiographic and histopathologic findings obtained in the animal model are comparable with the situation found in intracerebral AVM in humans.  Interpretation. The animal model of intracerebral AVM established in this study allows for further investigation of the pathophysiology and dynamics of this disorder. It may help to develop better therapeutic options and thus improve the prognosis of affected patients.     

平肝熄风汤对脑出血大鼠海马细胞色素C氧化酶活性和细胞凋亡影响同步研究

目的 从神经元线粒体能量代谢和细胞凋亡的角度探讨中药复方的平肝熄风汤对脑出血神经元损伤的保护作用机制。方法 采用Ⅶ型胶原酶诱导大鼠脑出血模型，以组织化学方法结合灰度值半定量测定细胞色素C氧化酶(cytochromc c oxidase，CCO)活性，采用Tunel法检测细胞凋亡结果造模12h，脑出血大鼠海马CA1区CCO活性较假手术组明显降低(P＜0.01)，凋亡细胞较假手术组明显增多(P＜0．01)随后均呈进行性加重。用平肝熄风汤治疗后町维持其CCO活性，减少细胞凋亡。结论 脑出血神经元损伤与神经元CCO活性降低及细胞凋亡有关平肝熄风汤能维持线粒体关键酶CCO活性，改善细胞有氧代谢，减少细胞凋亡，此可能为本方对脑出血继发性神经元损伤保护机制之一。     

雌性杜洛克猪作为增生性瘢痕动物模型的临床和病理学观察

目的通过对雌性杜洛克猪(FRDP)皮肤深层结构损伤的进一步的观察,说明其产生增生性瘢痕,为FRDP作为增生性瘢痕的动物模型提供科学依据。方法将2只FRDP背部造成4种不同深度的创面。将0.038 cm、0.076 cm组视为浅创面组;0.114 cm、0.152 cm组视为深创面组。分别在伤后不同时间点上切取组织标本行HE和弹性纤维(VVG)染色。大体观察创面愈合及瘢痕形成情况;组织病理学观察增生性瘢痕的形态;行瘢痕组织厚度的测定。结果HE和VVG染色观察到正常FRDP背部皮肤存在一种结构单位。深创面组该结构单位的深层部分受损,伤及脂肪穹隆以及腺体。伤后150 d,脂肪穹隆以及腺体结构消失,并被大量堆积的、没有特定的方向、排列紊乱的胶原纤维束充盈。结论FRDP的皮肤深层受损直接导致了增生性瘢痕的形成,为增生性瘢痕的FRDP模型提供了又一个证据。     

上巩膜静脉结扎联合应用5-Fu建立大鼠慢性高眼压模型

实验动物是生命科学研究的重要支撑条件之一,作者通过对云南省不同品种、品系实验动物生产、使用与监管工作现状调查和分析,提出了云南省实验动物科技产业化发展的必要性和策略。